Promoting Integrated Water Resources Management in South West Nigeria: The Need for Collaboration and Partnership

This paper elucidates the need to implement Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in South West Nigeria. At present, water related programmes in existing capacity building institutions (CBIs) do not have IWRM and climate change adaptation in their synopsis; this suggests the need for curriculum review. Another observation was that many of the professionals in the water sector organizations (WSOs) are aging with none of these organizations having succession plans. Developing and implementing succession plans require collaboration and partnership with CBIs in the region; the recent establishment of the National Water Resources Capacity Building Network (NWRCBNet) in the country is timely; itwill provide a platform for IWRM implementation and capacity building in the water sector. The south west regional center at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta has been spear heading this vision and the results achieved so far in the south west region has been encouraging.http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v34i2.2

Accidental sulphuric acid poisoning in a newborn

A six hour old baby girl presented with shortness of breath and haematemesis five hours after accidental ingestion of sulfuric acid. We report the clinical presentation of corrosive ingestion in a neonate a rare and sparsely reported occurrence at such tender age.Key words: Acid ingestion, corrosives injuries, caustic substances, chemical ingestion, newborn

Assessing Inflammation in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage with PK11195 PET and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Studies in animal models suggest that inflammation is a major contributor to secondary injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Direct, noninvasive monitoring of inflammation in the human brain after ICH will facilitate early-phase development of anti-inflammatory treatments. We sought to investigate the feasibility of multimodality brain imaging in subacute ICH. METHODS: Acute ICH patients were recruited to undergo multiparametric MRI (including dynamic contrast-enhanced measurement of blood-brain barrier transfer constant (Ktrans ) and PET with [11 C]-(R)-PK11195). [11 C]-(R)-PK11195 binds to the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), which is rapidly upregulated in activated microglia. Circulating inflammatory markers were measured at the time of PET. RESULTS: Five patients were recruited to this feasibility study with imaging between 5 and 16 days after onset. Etiologies included hypertension-related small vessel disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), cavernoma, and arteriovenous malformation (AVM). [11 C]-(R)-PK11195 binding was low in all hematomas and 2 (patient 2 [probable CAA] and 4 [AVM]) cases showed widespread increase in binding in the perihematomal region versus contralateral. All had increased Ktrans in the perihematomal region (mean difference = 2.2 × 10-3 minute-1 ; SD = 1.6 × 10-3 minute-1 ) versus contralateral. Two cases (patients 1 [cavernoma] and 4 [AVM]) had delayed surgery (3 and 12 months post-onset, respectively) with biopsies showing intense microglial activation in perilesional tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of performing complex multimodality brain imaging for noninvasive monitoring of neuroinflammation for this severe stroke subtype

An ethno-zoological survey of insects and their allies among the remos (Ogun State) South Western Nigeria

The research was carried out to study the socio-economic  characteristic of the Remos of Ogan State of Ngeria; to determine their relationship with insects which they regard as edible, which theyuse for rituals and which they use for medicinal purposes.Two hundred and eighty-five questionnaires were administered. The data collected was analysed by using frequency counts and percentages. Common edible insects were found to include termites(Macrotermes bellicossus), cricket (Brachytrypes sp) and (Analeptes trifaciata). The insects used for rituals and medicinal purposes include the butterfly used for making love portion; Cryptotheliarongeoti used as a defense against any evil; Brachytrypes sp, Lycosa sp and Apis melifera used for good fortune. The honey bee (Apis melifera) is used to prevent dizziness, while the sting of Ant is usedfor healing wound, curing of impotence in males and is also used as a cure for “thunderbolt”. The study found that in this community insects are valuable for both food and medicinal purposes. It recommends that more work on medicinal and nutritional value of these insects be undertaken

Neuroimaging and clinical outcomes of oral anticoagulant associated ICH

OBJECTIVE: Whether intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) associated with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC-ICH) has a better outcome compared to ICH associated with vitamin-K antagonists (VKA-ICH) is uncertain. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of cohort studies comparing clinical and radiological outcomes between NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH patients. The primary outcome measure was 30-day all-cause mortality. All outcomes were assessed in multivariable regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, ICH location and intraventricular haemorrhage extension. RESULTS: We included 7 eligible studies comprising 219 NOAC-ICH and 831 VKA-ICH patients (mean age:77 years,52.5% females). The 30-day mortality was similar between NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH (24.3% vs. 26.5%; HR=0.94, 95%CI: 0.67 to 1.31). However, in multivariable analyses adjusting for potential confounders, NOAC-ICH was associated with: lower admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (linear regression coefficient=-2.83, 95%CI:-5.28 to -0.38); lower likelihood of severe stroke (NIHSS>10 points) on admission (OR=0.50, 95%CI: 0.30 to 0.84); and smaller baseline haematoma volume (linear regression coefficient=-0.24,95%CI:-0.47 to -0.16). The two groups did not differ in the likelihood of: baseline haematoma volume less than 30cm3 (OR=1.14, 95%CI: 0.81 to 1.62); haematoma expansion (OR=0.97, 95%CI: 0.63 to 1.48); in-hospital mortality (OR=0.73,95%CI: 0.49 to 1.11); functional status at discharge (common OR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.57 to 1.07); or functional status at three months (common OR=1.03, 95%CI: 0.75 to 1.43). INTERPRETATION: Although functional outcome at discharge, one month or three months were comparable after NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH, patients with NOAC-ICH had smaller baseline haematoma volumes and less severe acute stroke syndromes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved