METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO EVALUATING BEER AND NON-ALCOHOLIC PRODUCTS SHELF LIFE

The article discusses the relevance of developing methodological approaches to the beer and soft drinks accelerated aging method in the market. The controlled indicators selection principles, mainly affecting the quality of the finished product, and the basic equation describing the dependence of changes in indicators on the main temperature factor are given. Studies of the influence of various physical factors (temperatures in the range of 50–60 °C, UV-radiation), both individually and jointly, on the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of packaged water for various experimental versions did not show statistically significant changes in the normalized parameters of the basic salt and microelement composition investigated water during storage. The optimal mode of accelerated «aging» of packaged water at an elevated temperature (up to 60 °C) and UV-radiation was established. In the case of soft drinks, thermostating was used when changing the temperature regimes (heat 50 ± 2 °C / cold 6 ± 2 °C) at an exposure time of 30 days, which made it possible to observe a decrease in taste and aroma compared with the control, as well as a decrease in sweetness and the appearance of a slight plastic taste for non-carbonated drink. The influence a temperature regime change on brewing products, which cannot be estimated using the existing method due to the high turbidity, is shown.The article discusses the relevance of developing methodological approaches to the beer and soft drinks accelerated aging method in the market. The controlled indicators selection principles, mainly affecting the quality of the finished product, and the basic equation describing the dependence of changes in indicators on the main temperature factor are given. Studies of the influence of various physical factors (temperatures in the range of 50–60 °C, UV-radiation), both individually and jointly, on the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of packaged water for various experimental versions did not show statistically significant changes in the normalized parameters of the basic salt and microelement composition investigated water during storage. The optimal mode of accelerated «aging» of packaged water at an elevated temperature (up to 60 °C) and UV-radiation was established. In the case of soft drinks, thermostating was used when changing the temperature regimes (heat 50 ± 2 °C / cold 6 ± 2 °C) at an exposure time of 30 days, which made it possible to observe a decrease in taste and aroma compared with the control, as well as a decrease in sweetness and the appearance of a slight plastic taste for non-carbonated drink. The influence a temperature regime change on brewing products, which cannot be estimated using the existing method due to the high turbidity, is shown

Eddy-current testing of fatigue degradation in additionally heat-treated gas powder laser clad NiCrBSi coating under contact fatigue loading

The paper studies the applicability of eddy-current technique to testing fatigue degradation in Ni-18.2Cr-3.3B-4.2Si coating, produced by gas powder laser cladding and subjected to additional high-temperature annealing at 1025 °C, under contact loading. It is demonstrated that eddy-current testing of fatigue degradation in Ni-18.2Cr-3.3B-4.2Si coating under contact loading after high-temperature annealing has certain limitations caused by the high brittleness of this coating. In this case, it is possible to test only a sharp increase in the sizes of contact damages, which occurs at 8×10 5 cycles under these loading conditions and results from the formation of a great number of peripheral ring cracks in the fracture zone; the eddy-current readings α decrease due to the increasing electrical resistivity of the coating. Testing can be performed by eddy-current measurements at high excitation frequencies of an eddy-current transducer (f=72-120 kHz), when the effect of the ferromagnetic steel base on the eddy-current readings α is minimum. © 2018 Author(s)

RATAN-600 7.6-cm Deep Sky Strip Surveys at the Declination of the SS433 Source During the 1980-1999 Period. Data Reduction and the Catalog of Radio Sources in the Right-Ascension Interval 7h < R.A. < 17h

We use two independent methods to reduce the data of the surveys made with RATAN-600 radio telescope at 7.6 cm in 1988-1999 at the declination of the SS433 source. We also reprocess the data of the "Cold" survey (1980-1981). The resulting RCR (RATAN COLD REFINED) catalog contains the right ascensions and fluxes of objects identified with those of the NVSS catalog in the right-ascension interval 7h < R.A. < 17h. We obtain the spectra of the radio sources and determine their spectral indices at 3.94 and 0.5 GHz. The spectra are based on the data from all known catalogs available from the CATS, Vizier, and NED databases, and the flux estimates inferred from the maps of the VLSS and GB6 surveys. For 245 of the 550 objects of the RCR catalog the fluxes are known at two frequencies only: 3.94 GHz (RCR) and 1.4 GHz (NVSS). These are mostly sources with fluxes smaller than 30 mJy. About 65% of these sources have flat or inverse spectra (alpha > -0.5). We analyze the reliability of the results obtained for the entire list of objects and construct the histograms of the spectral indices and fluxes of the sources. Our main conclusion is that all 10-15 mJy objects found in the considered right-ascension interval were already included in the decimeter-wave catalogs.Comment: 26 pages, 18 figure

Principles of Developing and Types of Electronic Study Guides for Foreign Students

В докладе рассматриваются дидактические и методические принципы построения электронных учебников и пособий, анализируются существующие учебные пособия по русскому языку для иностранных учащихся. Представлен проект электронного пособия по дисциплине «Трудные случаи русской грамматики».The paper deals with the didactic and methodological principles of creating electronic textbooks and tutorials; analyzes the existing Russian language tutorials for foreign students. The project of the electronic manual on the discipline “Difficult cases of Russian grammar” is presented

Eddy-current testing of fatigue degradation upon contact fatigue loading of gas powder laser clad NiCrBSi-Cr 3 C 2 composite coating

The possibilities of the eddy-current method for testing the fatigue degradation under contact loading of gas powder laser clad NiCrBSi-Cr 3 C 2 composite coating with 15 wt.% of Cr 3 C 2 additive have been investigated. It is shown that the eddy-current testing of the fatigue degradation under contact loading of the NiCrBSi-15%Cr 3 C 2 composite coating can be performed at high excitation frequencies 72-120 kHz of the eddy-current transducer. At that, the dependences of the eddy-current instrument readings on the number of loading cycles have both downward and upward branches, with the boundary between the branches being 3×10 5 cycles in the given loading conditions. This is caused, on the one hand, by cracking, and, on the other hand, by cohesive spalling and compaction of the composite coating, which affect oppositely the material resistivity and, correspondingly, the eddy-current instrument readings. The downward branch can be used to monitor the processes of crack formation and growth, the upward branch - to monitor the degree of cohesive spalling, while taking into account in the testing methodology an ambiguous character of the dependences of the eddy-current instrument readings on the number of loading cycles. © 2017 Author(s)

Comparative clinical and functional outcomes of implantation of «reverse-M» and «reverse-M1» IOL in patients with high myopia in the long-term postoperative period

The formation of secondary cataracts in patients with high myopia remains the main cause of vision loss in the long-term postoperative period. In view of that fact, the Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution has developed a soft model of posterior chamber “reverse” IOL, which allows reducing the development of secondary cat aracts.Purpose. Comparative analysis the clinical and functional outcomes of «reverse-M» and «reverse-M1» IOL implantation in patients with high myopia in the long-term postoperative period.Material and methods. Clinical research has been carried out on 140 eyes of 97 patients with high myopia aged from 42 to 83 years (on average, 64.24±0.79 years) after phacoemulsification with IOL implantation in high myopia. The main group consisted of 57 eyes of 40 patients who were implanted with «reverse-M1» IOL, the control group consisted of 83 eyes of 57 patients who were implanted with “reverse-M” IOL. Before the surgery, the uncorrected visual acuity in any patient did not exceed 0.01, and the best corrected visual acuity was no more than 0.2 (80%). The follow-up period was up to 5 years.Results. Visual functions in most patients increased and remained stable throughout the postoperative period, amounting to 0.55±0.04 in the main group, and 0.54±0.03 in the control group. In the late postoperative period, dissection of the posterior lens capsule with «reverse-M» IOL was performed in 11 eyes of 13 patients (13.2%). In the main group, YAG laser dissection of the posterior capsule was required in 2 patients with 3 eyes (5.3%).Conclusion. «Reverse-M1» IOL implantation is safe, predictable and allows to reduce the incidence of secondary cataracts by more than 2 times in comparison with the «reverse-M» IOL

Retrospective analysis of long-term clinical and functional outcomes of implantation of domestically produced posterior chamber PIOL

Introduction. The use of phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) for the correction of high ametropia is reflected in the works of both domestic and foreign ophthalmologists. In spite of this, there are very few publications which are devoted to the long-term outcomes of the use of domestically produced models of PIOL such as RSK-1(3) and RSK-3.Purpose. The main aim of this work is to assess the clinical and functional outcomes of the use of domestically produced models of PIOL such as RSK-1(3) and RSK-3.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the long-term results of PIOL implants performed at the Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution was carried out from 1994 to 2001. The analysis involved 122 eyes of 84 patients with high myopia from who were implanted with posterior chamber negative PIOL with two haptic elements (RSK-3) and PIOL with thr ee haptic elements (RSK-1(3). Results. Analysis of the dynamics of postoperative refractive data in compare with preoperative parameters showed us that in all cases there was a significant increase in uncorrected and corrected visual acuity. Long-term outcomes of implantation were found in 25 patients (43 eyes). The average duration of PIOL in the eye was 14.30±1.3 g (from 2 to 30 years). In all cases, the reducing cell density of the corneal epithelium did not exceed 4.0% in the early postoperative period. At the same time, the main complication in the distant postoperative period was the development of subcapsular cataracts.Conclusions. This method of ametropia correction can be recommended to young patients, who are not suitable for keratorefraction interventions