Comparison Of Interpolation Technique For Rain Gauge Data Through The Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Model

Precipitation estimated from different measuring techniques such as rain gauge, radar and satellite have some similarities, but there are also differences among them. For example, techniques based on radar and satellite data underestimate rainfall than those using rain gauge data. In addition, many different interpolation techniques have been used to measure spatial pattern of precipitation but it is still difficult to have an accurate pattern by any one of them. The differences between the rainfall estimates from different techniques vary seasonally as well as regionally so that the radar or satellites are not directly applied into hydrologic analysis. In this regard, a main objective of this study is to develop a systematic way to interpolate ground rain gauge using discharge data from distributed rainfall-runoff model The spatial rainfall patterns estimated from the interpolation methods will be evaluated with the object function to minimize the difference between observed and estimated discharge. In other words, this study seeks to identify the optimal spatial pattern in rain field that can generate a similar pattern of observed discharge through the distributed rainfall-runoff model. This study will compare the spatial pattern from different types of climate systems and different seasons derived from different interpolation methods may help to validate the proposed algorithms

Status of Use of Menstrual Hygiene Products and Genital Organ Hygiene Management in Unmarried Women

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of use of menstrual hygiene products and genital organ hygiene management in unmarried women. METHODS: Data from 161 unmarried women were used for analysis. The instruments consisted of self-reported questionnaires that included 40 items: 20 on General Characteristics & Sexual Health Related Characteristics, 8 on Using Status of Menstrual Hygiene Products, 12 on Genital Organ Hygiene Management. RESULTS: The subjects used disposable sanitary napkin as the most frequently but the satisfaction was low, while the use of reusable sanitary napkin and tampons were few, but satisfaction was high. Sixty-seven percent of the unmarried women had sex experience, and more than 60% experienced abnormal symptoms in the genital organ. There was a significant difference in genital organ hygiene management according to sex experience. Among subjects of this study, 44.1% wanted to use menstrual cup, and 98.8% wanted to have education for their menstrual hygiene products. CONCLUSION: Based on results of this study, a nationwide survey of the demand for menstrual hygiene products used by Korean women is needed, it is necessary to educate about the proper use of menstrual hygiene products and genital organ hygiene management

Design and Implementation of Storage System Using Byte-index Chunking Scheme

In this paper, we present an enhanced storage system that supports Byte-index chunking algorithm. The storage system aims to provide efficient data deduplication with high performance and to be performed in rapid time. We describe the overall procedure of Byteindex chunking based storage system including read/write procedure and how the system works. The key idea of Byte-index chunking is to adapt fixed-size block chunk scheme which are distributed to “Index-table ” by chunk’s both side boundary values. We have found that Byte-index chunking in storage system provides high performance compared with other chunking schemes. Experiments result shows that the storage system with Byte-index chunking compresses overall data with high deduplication capability and reduce the speed of file processing

Angiopoietin-1 is an apoptosis survival factor for endothelial cells

AbstractWe examined the effect of angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) on apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Ang1 (5–1000 ng/ml) dose-dependently inhibited apoptosis under a serum-deprived state. A significant apoptotic inhibition occurred with as low as 50 ng/ml. Two hundred ng/ml of Ang1 inhibited to approximately 50% of the control apoptotic rates for 96 h. Furthermore, an augmented antiapoptotic effect of Ang1 by the addition of 20 ng/ml vascular endothelial growth factor was observed. This Ang1-induced strong antiapoptotic effect in endothelial cells is a novel and intriguing finding and could be an additional description of Ang1-induced direct biological function

Functional Benefit after Modification of Radial Forearm Free Flap for Soft Palate Reconstruction

ObjectivesTo compare the velopharyngeal function, swallowing and speech of the conventional and modified radial forearm free flap (RFFF) for soft palate reconstruction.MethodsRetrospective clinical study. Twenty-eight patients who underwent oropharyngeal reconstruction with RFFF were divided into two groups: 10 patients had conventional folded RFFF and 18 patients underwent modified method.ResultsThe average speech intelligibility score in modified RFFF group was 8.0±2.4, and 6.2±2.2 in conventional RFFF group (P<0.05). The nasalance was 27.4±7.8% in modified group and 38.6±2.7% in conventional group during no nasal passage reading and 43.6±7.3% in modified group, 55.2±7.6% in conventional group during high nasal passage reading (P<0.05). The subjective swallowing functional score was 2.8 in modified group and 2.1 in conventional group.ConclusionThe speech assessment and nasalance demonstrate a more favorable outcome in modified group than conventional group

Antidiabetic Effect of Morinda citrifolia

Antidiabetic effects of Morinda citrifolia (aka Noni) fermented by Cheonggukjang (fast-fermented soybean paste) were evaluated using a T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus) murine model. Six-week-old KK-Ay/TaJcl mice were randomly divided into four groups: (1) the diabetic control (DC) group, provided with a normal mouse diet; (2) the positive control (PC) group, provided with a functional health food diet; (3) the M. citrifolia (MC) group, provided with an MC-based diet; (4) the fermented M. citrifolia (FMC) group, provided with an FMC-based diet. Over a testing period of 90 days, food and water intake decreased significantly in the FMC and PC groups compared with the DC group. Blood glucose levels in the FMC group were 211.60–252.20 mg/dL after 90 days, while those in the control group were over 400 mg/dL after 20 days. In addition, FMC supplementation reduced glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and significantly decreased serum triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Furthermore, a fermented M. citrifolia 70% ethanolic extract (FMCE) activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-(PPAR-) γ and stimulated glucose uptake via stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in cultured C2C12 cells. These results suggest that FMC can be employed as a functional health food for T2DM management