10,388 research outputs found
Thermal stability and nitrogen redistribution in the〈Si〉/Ti/W–N/Al metallization scheme
Backscattering spectrometry, Auger electron spectroscopy, and x‐ray diffraction have been used to monitor the thin‐film reactions and nitrogen redistribution in the 〈Si〉/Ti/W–N/Al metallization system. It is found that nitrogen in the W–N layer redistributes into Ti after annealing at temperatures above 500 °C. As a consequence of this redistribution of nitrogen, a significant amount of interdiffusion between Al and the underlayers is observed after annealing at 550 °C. This result contrasts markedly with that for the 〈Si〉/W–N/Al system, where no interdiffusion can be detected after the same thermal treatment. We attribute this redistribution of nitrogen to the stronger affinity of Ti for nitrogen than W. If the Ti layer is replaced by a sputtered TiSi_(2.3) film, no redistribution of nitrogen or reactions can be detected after annealing at 550 °C for 30 min
Ways of seeing : using filmaking to engage students with communities
Foucault referred to the authoritative ‘gaze’ that can objectify the users of public services and which continues to promote heroic narratives in many areas of professional practice by casting them in a passive role. In the UK, there has been a distinctive and growing discourse about the use and abuse of embedded ‘welfare’ system and within key professions there has been a number of ethical dilemmas and barriers in the quest for community engagement. Working within austerity and tight eligibility criteria has to some extent reinforced individualised pathologies about the causes of social problems and their potential solutions. Generating and exploring counterdiscourses which promote alternative and more challenging perspectives at an early stage in professional education is crucial to encourage students to think more actively about forging partnerships and co-production.
This paper shares our experiences of using filmmaking with first year students on the BA (Hons) Social Work where the process of reaching out to communities through a different medium builds in opportunities for students to be more active and open in their search for approaches and interventions which build on the strengths of communities. Students work in small groups to investigate an everyday issue in the community and alongside a range of suggested community project work, generate a short 3-5 minute film which represents different ways of seeing and capturing a range of perspectives on their selected issues. This co-learning approach is also supported by a team of tutors; a service user and graduate student who model the skills required as well as provide peer feedback for students to reflect upon, using double loops of learning experiences. Our presentation will draw on some of the students evaluation which documents the value of such experiential learning and some of the achievements and challenges in its first year including demonstration of one of the student group film
Nonequilibrium-induced metal-superconductor quantum phase transition in graphene
We study the effects of dissipation and time-independent nonequilibrium drive
on an open superconducting graphene. In particular, we investigate how
dissipation and nonequilibrium effects modify the semi-metal-BCS quantum phase
transition that occurs at half-filling in equilibrium graphene with attractive
interactions. Our system consists of a graphene sheet sandwiched by two
semi-infinite three-dimensional Fermi liquid reservoirs, which act both as a
particle pump/sink and a source of decoherence. A steady-state charge current
is established in the system by equilibrating the two reservoirs at different,
but constant, chemical potentials. The nonequilibrium BCS superconductivity in
graphene is formulated using the Keldysh path integral formalism, and we obtain
generalized gap and number density equations valid for both zero and finite
voltages. The behaviour of the gap is discussed as a function of both
attractive interaction strength and electron densities for various
graphene-reservoir couplings and voltages. We discuss how tracing out the
dissipative environment (with or without voltage) leads to decoherence of
Cooper pairs in the graphene sheet, hence to a general suppression of the gap
order parameter at all densities. For weak enough attractive interactions we
show that the gap vanishes even for electron densities away from half-filling,
and illustrate the possibility of a dissipation-induced metal-superconductor
quantum phase transition. We find that the application of small voltages does
not alter the essential features of the gap as compared to the case when the
system is subject to dissipation alone (i.e. zero voltage).Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure
Exact Results for the Kuramoto Model with a Bimodal Frequency Distribution
We analyze a large system of globally coupled phase oscillators whose natural
frequencies are bimodally distributed. The dynamics of this system has been the
subject of long-standing interest. In 1984 Kuramoto proposed several
conjectures about its behavior; ten years later, Crawford obtained the first
analytical results by means of a local center manifold calculation.
Nevertheless, many questions have remained open, especially about the
possibility of global bifurcations. Here we derive the system's complete
stability diagram for the special case where the bimodal distribution consists
of two equally weighted Lorentzians. Using an ansatz recently discovered by Ott
and Antonsen, we show that in this case the infinite-dimensional problem
reduces exactly to a flow in four dimensions. Depending on the parameters and
initial conditions, the long-term dynamics evolves to one of three states:
incoherence, where all the oscillators are desynchronized; partial synchrony,
where a macroscopic group of phase-locked oscillators coexists with a sea of
desynchronized ones; and a standing wave state, where two counter-rotating
groups of phase-locked oscillators emerge. Analytical results are presented for
the bifurcation boundaries between these states. Similar results are also
obtained for the case in which the bimodal distribution is given by the sum of
two Gaussians.Comment: 28 pages, 7 figures; submitted to Phys. Rev. E Added comment
Pressure Induced Hydration Dynamics of Membranes
Pressure-jump initiated time-resolved x-ray diffraction studies of dynamics
of the hydration of the hexagonal phase in biological membranes show that (i)
the relaxation of the unit cell spacing is non-exponential in time; (ii) the
Bragg peaks shift smoothly to their final positions without significant
broadening or loss in crystalline order. This suggests that the hydration is
not diffusion limited but occurs via a rather homogeneous swelling of the whole
lattice, described by power law kinetics with an exponent .Comment: REVTEX 3, 10 pages,3 figures(available on request),#
Open String Tachyon in Supergravity Solution
We study the tachyon condensation of the D-\bar{D}-brane system with a
constant tachyon vev in the context of classical solutions of the Type II
supergravity. We find that the general solution with the symmetry
ISO(1,p)xSO(9-p) (the three-parameter solution) includes the extremal black
p-brane solution as an appropriate limit of the solution with fixing one of the
three parameters (c_1). Furthermore, we compare the long distance behavior of
the solution with the massless modes of the closed strings from the boundary
state of the D-\bar{D}-brane system with a constant tachyon vev. We find that
we must fix c_1 to zero and the only two parameters are needed to express the
tachyon condensation of the D\={D}-brane system. This means that the parameter
does not correspond to the tachyon vev of the D\={D}-brane system.Comment: 20 pages, no figures, LaTeX2e, typos corrected, references added and
more general result presente
Simultaneous Optical Model Analyses of Elastic Scattering, Breakup, and Fusion Cross Section Data for the He + Bi System at Near-Coulomb-Barrier Energies
Based on an approach recently proposed by us, simultaneous
-analyses are performed for elastic scattering, direct reaction (DR)
and fusion cross sections data for the He+Bi system at
near-Coulomb-barrier energies to determine the parameters of the polarization
potential consisting of DR and fusion parts. We show that the data are well
reproduced by the resultant potential, which also satisfies the proper
dispersion relation. A discussion is given of the nature of the threshold
anomaly seen in the potential
String Theoretical Interpretation for Finite N Yang-Mills Theory in Two-Dimensions
We discuss the equivalence between a string theory and the two-dimensional
Yang-Mills theory with SU(N) gauge group for finite N. We find a sector which
can be interpreted as a sum of covering maps from closed string world-sheets to
the target space, whose covering number is less than N. This gives an
asymptotic expansion of 1/N whose large N limit becomes the chiral sector
defined by D.Gross and W.Taylor. We also discuss that the residual part of the
partition function provides the non-perturbative corrections to the
perturbative expansion.Comment: 15 pages, no figures, LaTeX2e, typos corrected, final version to
appear in Modern Physics Letters
Pressure Induced Topological Phase Transitions in Membranes
Some highly unusual features of a lipid-water liquid crystal are revealed by
high pressure x-ray diffraction, light scattering and dilatometric studies of
the lamellar (bilayer ) to nonlamellar inverse hexagonal ()
phase transition. (i) The size of the unit cell of the phase increases
with increasing pressure. (ii) The transition volume, ,
decreases and appears to vanish as the pressure is increased. (iii) The
intensity of scattered light increases as decreases. Data are
presented which suggest that this increase is due to the formation of an
intermediate cubic phase, as predicted by recent theoretical suggestions of the
underlying universal phase sequence.Comment: 12 pages, typed using REVTEX 2.
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