Evolution of the Polyphenolic Content of Moravian White Grape Variety Wines of Different Vintages During Storage

Wine is known as a source of bioactive compounds and is one of the alcoholic beverages with the highestphenolic content. There has been growing interest in the composition of wine due to its beneficial propertiesfor human health. This work focuses on biologically active and sensory attributes of white wine and presentsresearch on wine chemical profiles in relation to their geographical origin, varieties and storage. The aimof this study was to investigate the phenolic compound evolution of 35 selected white wine varieties fromthe Moravian region in the Czech Republic. To separate and identify individual phenolic compounds in the wines, the high-performance liquid chromatographic method was used. A spectrophotometric methodwas applied for the determination of total polyphenol and total flavonoid content. This research presentsresults for the total benzoic and cinnamic acid derivatives, flavonols, flavanols and stilbene content ofMoravian white grape varieties. Differences were found in the content of these compounds, and the resultsshow that the phenolic concentrations depend on grape variety and storage time

Transcriptomic and biochemical investigations support the role of rootstock-scion interaction in grapevine berry quality

Background In viticulture, rootstock genotype plays a critical role to improve scion physiology, berry quality and to adapt grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) to different environmental conditions. This study aimed at investigating the effect of two different rootstocks (1103 Paulsen - P - and Mgt 101-14 - M) in comparison with not grafted plants - NGC - on transcriptome (RNA-seq and small RNA-seq) and chemical composition of berry skin inPinot noir, and exploring the influence of rootstock-scion interaction on grape quality. Berry samples, collected at veraison and maturity, were investigated at transcriptional and biochemical levels to depict the impact of rootstock on berry maturation. Results RNA- and miRNA-seq analyses highlighted that, at veraison, the transcriptomes of the berry skin are extremely similar, while variations associated with the different rootstocks become evident at maturity, suggesting a greater diversification at transcriptional level towards the end of the ripening process. In the experimental design, resembling standard agronomic growth conditions, the vines grafted on the two different rootstocks do not show a high degree of diversity. In general, the few genes differentially expressed at veraison were linked to photosynthesis, putatively because of a ripening delay in not grafted vines, while at maturity the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the synthesis and transport of phenylpropanoids (e.g. flavonoids), cell wall loosening, and stress response. These results were supported by some differences in berry phenolic composition detected between grafted and not grafted plants, in particular in resveratrol derivatives accumulation. Conclusions Transcriptomic and biochemical data demonstrate a stronger impact of 1103 Paulsen rootstock than Mgt 101-14 or not grafted plants on ripening processes related to the secondary metabolite accumulations in berry skin tissue. Interestingly, theMYB14gene, involved in the feedback regulation of resveratrol biosynthesis was up-regulated in 1103 Paulsen thus supporting a putative greater accumulation of stilbenes in mature berries

Quasi-analytic multidimensional signals

In a recent paper, the authors have presented the unified theory of n-dimensional (n-D) complex and hypercomplex analytic signals with single-orthant spectra. This paper describes a specific form of these signals called quasi-analytic. A quasi-analytic signal is a product of a n-D low-pass (base-band) real (in general non-separable) signal and a n-D complex or hypercomplex carrier. By a suitable choice of the carrier frequency, the spectrum of a low-pass signal is shifted into a single orthant of the Fourier frequency space with a negligible leakage into other orthants. A measure of this leakage is defined. Properties of quasi-analytic signals are studied. Problems of polar representation of quasi-analytic signals and of its lower rank representation are discussed

From quantum Hall effect to standard resistor - transfer of resistance unit

W referacie przedstawiono system przekazywania jednostki miary od układu odtwarzania jednostki rezystancji do rezystorów wzorcowych. Omówiono zasadę działania systemu odtwarzania jednostki rezystancji oraz wybrane problemy występujące podczas jej przekazywania do rezystorów wzorcowych. Przedstawiono również stanowiska wzorcujące służące temu celowi.In the article structure of transferring resistance unit from quantum Hall effect to standard resistors is described. System of reproducing resistance unit fundamentals, chosen transfer problems, and calibration systems are also described

Final report on supplementary comparison EURAMET.EM-S32: Comparison of resistance standards at 1 TΩ and 100 TΩ

Resistance standards with values in the TΩ range play an important role in electrical instrumentation. The calibration of such standards is, thus, a service offered by many metrology institutes. The techniques used to measure very high resistance values differ quite substantially from the calibration techniques applied in the lower resistance ranges. For this reason, the EURAMET technical committee for electricity and magnetism decided in 2008 to organise for the first time a supplementary comparison of resistance at 1 TΩ and 100 TΩ based on well characterized travelling standards. Eighteen European National Metrology Institutes participated in the comparison. With some exceptions, the results supplied by the participants agree reasonably well with the comparison reference value within the expanded uncertainty. As observed in other resistance comparisons, the characteristics of the standards used as transport artefacts ultimately limit the accuracy of comparisons in this field. The transport behaviour is difficult to model and introduces an undesired bias in the laboratory results. The transport uncertainties are at the level of the uncertainties claimed by some of the participants and, thus, limit the meaningfulness of the comparison results. Another remarkable observation is the big difference in the uncertainty statements made by the participants, even in cases where similar measurement systems were used. The results of the comparison allow the participants to critically review their measurement procedures and uncertainty models

Plasma-based X-ray laser at 21 nm for multidisciplinary applications

An overview of recent advances in applications of currently the most energetic X-ray laser at 21 nm is given. The unique parameters of this half-cavity based X-ray laser such as record output energy of 10 mJ, highly symmetric beam, robustness and reproducibility, have made it possible to carry out a number of multidisciplinary scientific projects featuring novel applications of intense coherent X-ray radiation. Selected results obtained in these experiments are reviewed, including X-ray laser probing of dense plasmas, measurements of transmission of focused soft X-ray radiation at intensities of up to 1012 W cm-2, measurements of infrared laser ablation rates of thin foils, and ablative microstructuring of solids