5,871 research outputs found
Optimal random search for a single hidden target
A single target is hidden at a location chosen from a predetermined
probability distribution. Then, a searcher must find a second probability
distribution from which random search points are sampled such that the target
is found in the minimum number of trials. Here it will be shown that if the
searcher must get very close to the target to find it, then the best search
distribution is proportional to the square root of the target distribution. For
a Gaussian target distribution, the optimum search distribution is
approximately a Gaussian with a standard deviation that varies inversely with
how close the searcher must be to the target to find it. For a network, where
the searcher randomly samples nodes and looks for the fixed target along edges,
the optimum is to either sample a node with probability proportional to the
square root of the out degree plus one or not at all.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
Effects of an Educational Intervention on Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates in Marshallese Mothers Residing in the U.S.
Abstract
Background: The Marshallese are one of the fastest growing migrant populations in the U.S. They have considerable health disparities despite their increasing access to health care. The Marshallese women in this population prefer to breastfeed, but have encountered many cultural barriers that have deterred them from exclusively breastfeeding for a significant amount of time. Breastfeeding is linked to many protective benefits for childrenâs health, such as decreasing the likelihood of obesity, even into the adult years.
Objective: The purpose was to evaluate the impact on breastfeeding rates through implementation of a culturally significant educational intervention for the Marshallese women at a study hospital pursuing Baby-Friendly status.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the exclusive breastfeeding rates of the Marshallese women in Northwest Arkansas at the study hospital were collected prior to and after the interventions were implemented. The data gathered was compared to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions. The intervention consisted of two parts: 1) a culturally significant educational video, and 2) a written pamphlet that the mothers were able to take home to reinforce the teaching.
Results: Although the results were not statistically significant due to sample size, exposure to the intervention positively influenced breastfeeding practices during the hospital stay.
Conclusion: It is hoped that this project will support the hospital in pursuit of Baby-Friendly status while also improving the exclusive breastfeeding rates and thus overall health of the Marshallese population in Northwest Arkansas
Effect of Framing of Reentry Program on Perceptions of Ex-Offenders
We examine the effect of the framing of reentry programs on participantsĂąâŹâą perceptions of ex-offenders. Across four studies, participants expressed more favorable attitudes toward an ex-offender who completed a global citizen reentry program than an ex-offender who did not complete a reentry program. The results show that ex-offenders who complete a global citizen reentry program (vs. no program) are viewed as more likeable and similar to oneself, which then predicts reduced prejudice and greater endorsement to hire the ex-offender. The results are discussed in relation to the crossed categorization model of prejudice reduction
A Prolegomenon to Understanding the Developerâs True Statutory Responsibilities under SEQRA
Transient interference of transmission and incidence
Due to a transient quantum interference during a wavepacket collision with a
potential barrier, a particular momentum, that depends on the potential
parameters but is close to the initial average momentum, becomes suppressed.
The hole left pushes the momentum distribution outwards leading to a
significant constructive enhancement of lower and higher momenta. This is
explained in the momentum complex-plane language in terms of a saddle point and
two contiguous ``structural'' poles, which are not associated with resonances
but with incident and transmitted components of the wavefunction.Comment: 4 pages of text, 6 postscript figures, revte
Long-acting nifedipine in the management of the hypertensive patient
Hypertension is a global condition affecting billions worldwide. It is a significant contributor to cardiovascular events, cardiac death and kidney disease. A number of medication classes exist to aid healthcare providers and their patients in controlling hypertension. Nifedipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, was once one of the most widely used medications for hypertension, but safety and tolerability concerns along with the introduction of new classes of antihypertensive medications and an increasing pool of data showing mortality benefit of other classes caused nifedipine to fall out of favor. More recently, long-acting formulations were developed and made available to clinicians. These newer formulations were designed to address many of the concerns raised by earlier formulations of nifedipine. Numerous clinical trials have been conducted comparing long-acting nifedipine to many of the more commonly prescribed antihypertensive medications. This review will address the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and the available clinical trial data on long-acting nifedipine and summarize its role in the management of hypertension
Single-electron latch with granular film charge leakage suppressor
A single-electron latch is a device that can be used as a building block for
Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) circuits. It consists of three nanoscale
metal "dots" connected in series by tunnel junctions; charging of the dots is
controlled by three electrostatic gates. One very important feature of a
single-electron latch is its ability to store ("latch") information represented
by the location of a single electron within the three dots. To obtain latching,
the undesired leakage of charge during the retention time must be suppressed.
Previously, to achieve this goal, multiple tunnel junctions were used to
connect the three dots. However, this method of charge leakage suppression
requires an additional compensation of the background charges affecting each
parasitic dot in the array of junctions. We report a single-electron latch
where a granular metal film is used to fabricate the middle dot in the latch
which concurrently acts as a charge leakage suppressor. This latch has no
parasitic dots, therefore the background charge compensation procedure is
greatly simplified. We discuss the origins of charge leakage suppression and
possible applications of granular metal dots for various single-electron
circuits.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure
A spin field effect transistor for low leakage current
In a spin field effect transistor, a magnetic field is inevitably present in
the channel because of the ferromagnetic source and drain contacts. This field
causes random unwanted spin precession when carriers interact with non-magnetic
impurities. The randomized spins lead to a large leakage current when the
transistor is in the ``off''-state, resulting in significant standby power
dissipation. We can counter this effect of the magnetic field by engineering
the Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction in the channel with a backgate. For
realistic device parameters, a nearly perfect cancellation is possible, which
should result in a low leakage current.Comment: To appear in Physica E. The revised version has additional material
which addresses the issue of which way the contacts should be magnetized in a
Spin Field Effect Transistor. This was neither addressed in the previous
version, nor in the upcoming journal pape
Retrospective Review of Dpace Therapy as a Salvage Regimen in Patients with Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Prior to Autologous Stem Cell Transplant
- âŠ