How Far Into the Future Can Values Predict Behavior?:It Depends on Value Importance

When people say a value is important to them, does it have consequences years later? Recent research found that among people who hold a value to be highly important, there tend to be strong relations between that value and behavior. But does this effect persist over time? The current research found that highly important values correlate with behavior, 1 and 2 years later, significantly more strongly than less important values, using a sample of Australian adults (n = 2,333 to 3,135). We found this between refined values and indices of value-expressive behaviors, as well as between tradition and universalism values and charitable donations. This adds to our understanding of the nature of values as priorities, showing that highly important values operate differently to less important values by having a stronger role in their effect on behavior, not just in the present but also in the future.<br/

Personal values, subjective wellbeing, and the effects of perceived social support in childhood: A pre-registered study

Personal values are broad motivational goals that have been found to have systematic relations with subjective wellbeing in adults. Values that promote higher subjective wellbeing are considered healthy while those that hamper it are considered unhealthy (Schwartz & Sortheix, 2018). However, little is known about these relations in children. This pre-registered study examined (1) whether the values of children (6 to 12 years of age) relate to their subjective wellbeing and (2) whether these relations are moderated or mediated by perceived social support from parents, teachers, classmates, and close friends. These research questions were examined with a sample of 738 primary school students (50% female). Our results show that healthy growth values were positively related to subjective wellbeing overall, and for the subgroups of girls and children 9 to 12 years but not boys and children 6 to 8 years; however, unhealthy anxiety values were only negatively associated with subjective wellbeing for girls. While perceived social support partially mediated relations between growth values and subjective wellbeing, the direct values-wellbeing relations accounted for over half the variance. Interestingly, this study also found that growth values positively, and anxiety values negatively, influenced perceived social support from all referents. While perceived social support did not moderate values-wellbeing relations in the overall sample, differences were found in the way perceived social support moderated these relations in some age and gender subgroups. Taken together, these findings suggest that healthy growth values positively influence subjective wellbeing in middle childhood, even after accounting for perceived social support

More than meets the eye:hidden messages in the attribution of human-like values to product categories

Purpose - This paper draws on values theory, associative network theory, and schemacongruity theory to examine how consumers attribute human-like values to productcategories and products, and how these attributions affect product evaluations.Design/methodology/approach - Study one randomly assigned 925 respondents to one ofthree product categories (cars, mobile phones, and vacations). They were asked about theirvalues, and to attribute values to an assigned product category. Study two randomly assigned919 respondents to one of four value-expressive car conditions. They were asked to attributevalues to the car, and then about their attitudes and purchase intentions.Findings – Respondents attributed human-like values to product categories and products thatwere distinct and reflected the motivational compatibilities and conflicts inherent in thecircular structure of human values. Moreover, multifaceted value congruity effects werefound to positively influence attitudes and intentions to purchase a car, including congruitywith (a) product category values-schema, (b) consumers’ personal values-schema, and (c) thestructure of human values.Originality – We demonstrate how a cognitive memory-based view can be used to betterunderstand the complexities of the attribution of human-like values to products and productcategories. Moving beyond the attribution of brand personality, this study demonstrates theimportance of not only understanding attributions of values to a product, but also consideringhow these attributions interact with the more abstract product category values, to influenceevaluations

Gaining user insights into the research-to-operational elements of Impact-based Forecasting (IbF) from within the SHEAR programme : summary of findings

Impact based Forecasting (IbF) is an expanding and evolving area of research within National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) and the humanitarian sector, with a broad aim to enhance communication and timely action to reduce losses associated with natural hazards. Although the principles of IbF may seem new to some disciplines, they leverage knowledge built over several years within the risk and emergency management communities (Smith, 2013) and therefore although its application may be newer to some disciplines, many of the principles and practices are based on existing risk theory concepts. However, a key advance of IbF is the pull-through of these concepts into implementable prototypes, tools and services and in order to do this, a growth in interdisciplinary working. The World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), as well as global Non-Governmental Organisations (e.g. Red Cross Red Crescent) strongly advocate for a shift towards IbF and have developed supporting guidelines (WMO, 2015a; Red Cross Climate Centre, 2020; WMO, 2021) to enhance implementation of such techniques across the globe. In doing this the WMO have distinguished two main types of IbF, subjective and objective. A subjective IbF relies on expert interpretation to provide the impact-based elements to a forecast or warning, whilst an objective IbF utilises vulnerability and exposure datasets, together with hazard information to calculate the risk and/or impacts. It is noted however, that risk assessments almost always utilise a combination of both subjective and objective methods. There are a wide range of dependencies on how an IbF system might evolve, and it is these dependencies which have introduced variety into the approaches and methods used to generate impact-based forecasts and warnings. This variability is also driven by different interpretations of what IbF should provide. Some stakeholders desire to have information on the number of assets or people that might be affected; however, most IbF warnings systems currently provide categorical risk forecasts (i.e. very low, low, medium and high) with supporting generalised impact information. Although the difference between these styles of output may appear subtle it can have significant implications for the development of forecasting and warning applications and the upstream modelling requirements. IbF has rapidly become an umbrella term under which a plethora of methods are being tried and different disciplines engaged. This broad scope is beneficial for research as it enables blue-sky thinking, transdisciplinary research opportunities and ideally, sustained cooperation and collaboration between a wide range of groups (e.g. stakeholders, researchers, technologists, practitioners, decision-makers). However, these same benefits can pose challenges when moving towards operational implementation, particularly for NMHSs with reduced institutional capacities. It should also be noted that the term IbF is linked to a range of other activities and terminologies, including forecast-based action and forecast-based financing (FbF). The lens through which IbF is viewed therefore influences its role and the value it might provide in meeting the objective ‘to enhance usability by making forecasts and warnings more actionable’. Given the growing scope of IbF and the potential challenges this may have for implementation, this research aims to answer the following questions: (1) Is there a shared understanding of what IbF is across individuals involved in its development? (2) Is there a shared perception of the challenges, barriers and opportunities associated with implementing IbF operationally? To accomplish this aim, practitioners, forecasters and researchers, working within the NERC Science for Humanitarian Emergencies and Resilience (SHEAR) Programme, were invited to provide their perspectives on a range of IbF related topics through a set of semi-structured interviews. This report provides a synthesis of the interviewee transcripts from key informant interviews. In section 2 the methodology is described, while section 3 provides a review of the key findings from the complete set of interviews. The final section (section 4) provides recommendations and concluding remarks

Sheep Updates 2005 - Part 3

This session covers seven papers from different authors: CUSTOMER 1. Benefits VIAscanR to producers and WAMMCO, Rob Davidson, Supply Development Manager, David Pethick, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Studies, Murdock University. 2. Healthy fats in lamb: how WA lambs compare with others, C. F. Engelke Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, bCSIRO Livestock Industries, Western Australia B.D. Siebert, Department of Animal Science, University of Adelaide, South Australia, K. Gregg, Centre for High-Throughput Agricultural Genetic Analysis, Murdoch University, Western Australia. A-D.G. Wright CSIRO Livestock Industries, Western Australia, P.E Vercoe Animal Biology, University of Western Australia 3. Shelf life of fresh lamb meat: lamb age & electrical stimulation, Dr Robin Jacob, Department of Agriculture, Western Australia 4. Pastures from space - An evaluation of adoption of by Australian woolgrowers, Russell Barnett, Australian Venture Consultants, Joanne Sneddon, University of Western Australia 5. Your clients can learn from ASHEEP\u27s example, Sandra Brown Department of Agriculture Western Australia 6. Lifetime Wool - Farmers attitudes affect their adoption of recommended ewe management, G. Rose Department of Agriculture Western Australia, C. Kabore, Kazresearch, Lower Templestowe Vic, J. Dart, Clear Horizons, Hastings Vic 7. Sustainable certification of Australian Merino, what will customers be looking for? Stuart Adams, i-merino / iZWool International Pty Lt

Sheep Updates 2003 - Pastures

This session covers seven papers from different authors: 1. Pastures for saline land, Ed Barrett-Lennard 1Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Hayley Norman, Robyn Dynes and David Masters CSIRO Livestock Industries, Centre for Mediterranean Agricultural Research, Floreat Park, 2. Feeding value - the essential link between pastures and animals CSIRO Livestock Industries, Centre for Environmental and Life Sciences 3. ‘Pastures from space’ - how do we do it, how well do we do it and what do producers think about it? Stephen Gherardi Department of Agriculture Western Australia Graham Donald Asoka Edirisinghe Dave Henry CSIRO Livestock Industries Chris Oldham Department of Agriculture Western Australia Richard Smith Department of Land Information Joanne Sneddon University of Western Australia Mike Hyder Department of Agriculture Western Australia Andrew Thompson Department of Primary Industries, Hamilton Victoria Kazue Tanaka Roy Latta Department of Agriculture Western Australia Chris Matthews CRC for Plant-based Management of Dryland Salinity Brad Nutt Department of Agriculture Western Australia Angelo Loi, Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, UWA Tim Wiley, Department of Agriculture Western Australi

Biomarker Driven Antifungal Stewardship (BioDriveAFS) in acute leukaemia—a multi-centre randomised controlled trial to assess clinical and cost effectiveness: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Acute leukaemias (AL) are life-threatening blood cancers that can be potentially cured with treatment involving myelosuppressive, multiagent, intensive chemotherapy (IC). However, such treatment is associated with a risk of serious infection, in particular invasive fungal infection (IFI) associated with prolonged neutropenia. Current practice guidelines recommend primary antifungal (AF) prophylaxis to be administered to high-risk patients to reduce IFI incidence. AFs are also used empirically to manage prolonged neutropenic fever. Current strategies lead to substantial overuse of AFs. Galactomannan (GM) and β-D-glucan (BG) biomarkers are also used to diagnose IFI. Combining both biomarkers may enhance the predictability of IFI compared to administering each test alone. Currently, no large-scale randomised controlled trial (RCT) has directly compared a biomarker-based diagnostic screening strategy without AF prophylaxis to AF prophylaxis (without systematic biomarker testing). METHODS: BioDriveAFS is a multicentre, parallel, two-arm RCT of 404 participants from UK NHS Haematology departments. Participants will be allocated on a 1:1 basis to receive either a biomarker-based antifungal stewardship (AFS) strategy, or a prophylactic AF strategy, which includes existing standard of care (SoC). The co-primary outcomes will be AF exposure in the 12-month post randomisation and the patient-reported EQ-5D-5L measured at 12-month post randomisation. Secondary outcomes will include total AF exposure, probable/proven IFI, survival (all-cause mortality and IFI mortality), IFI treatment outcome, AF-associated adverse effects/events/complications, resource use, episodes of neutropenic fever requiring hospital admission or outpatient management, AF resistance in fungi (non-invasive and invasive) and a Desirability of Outcome Ranking. The trial will have an internal pilot phase during the first 9 months. A mixed methods process evaluation will be integrated in parallel to the internal pilot phase and full trial, aiming to robustly assess how the intervention is delivered. Cost-effectiveness analysis will also be performed. DISCUSSION: The BioDriveAFS trial aims to further the knowledge of strategies that will safely optimise AF use through comparison of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a biomarker-led diagnostic strategy versus prophylactic AF to prevent and manage IFI within acute leukaemia. The evidence generated from the study will help inform global clinical practice and approaches within antifungal stewardship. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN11633399. Registered 24/06/2022

Traceability systems in the Western Australia halal food supply chain

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the emergence and implementation of traceability systems in the Western Australian (WA) Halal food industry. In particular, to understand how individuals in facilitating organizations perceive the Halal idea logic and the benefits that a traceability system can provide to the Halal food processing industry. Design/methodology/approach – An empirical qualitative approach was employed to examine these issues utilizing in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was carried out using Leximancer software. Findings – Findings suggest that individual’s perception of Halal idea logic is aligned to the roles they perform. These perceptions were impacted by the specific objectives or business interests of each organization. Facilitating organizations also perceive that traceability systems are a strategic tool in the Halal food processing industry. Practical implications – The research provides insights into how to improve existing understanding of the Halal idea logic within Halal food business networks and the benefits of implementing traceability systems in Halal food production. Joint activity between firms creates a network effect, where the value created is greater than that which the firms alone can create. Originality/value – Though traceability systems have become increasingly popular in the food industry, little research has been undertaken to understand how individuals in facilitating organizations perceive these systems, particularly in the growing Halal food industry. Hence, the study contributes to the literature of traceability studies and the area of change and process adaptation in business relationships in the context of halal food production

Effects of Nature Values and Regulatory Fit of Message Framing on Message Evaluation and Actual Pro-Environmental Donations

Messages are often tailored to individual differences, as fit is believed to influence behavior. We examine the effects of regulatory fit (i.e., matching message framing in terms of promotion/prevention to people’s natural promotion/prevention orientation) and individuals’ priority of nature values, on the evaluation of climate change messages and donations to pro-environmental charities. We measured participants’ (n=570) regulatory focus on ensuring positive outcomes (promotion) versus avoiding negative outcomes (prevention), and the importance they attributed to nature values. Participants evaluated a promotion- or prevention-framed text (highlighting ensuring the environment’s welfare or avoiding its destruction) and were then invited to donate part of their remuneration to pro-environmental or other charities. Participants prioritizing nature values evaluated the promotion-framed text more favorably the stronger their promotion focus was, but only endorsement of the nature values predicted donations. This highlights the importance of measuring actual pro-environmental behavior, as positive message evaluations did not materialize into donations