The Effects of Target Facial Stimuli Race, Emotional Expression, and Time Delay on Facial Recognition Memory

Emotional expression, race, and length of time between initially seeing the face and subsequent recognition potentially contribute to face recognition. In this study, race and emotional expression of the facial stimuli, and time delay between study and test were manipulated. A sample of 91 participants was recruited from Illinois State University. Participants completed a study session and two test phases evaluating facial recognition performance of racially Black and White facial stimuli. Target images from the RADIATE face stimulus set (Conley et al., 2018; Tottenham et al., 2009) were used in this study. Faces were presented with either a happy or angry emotional expression. Participants experienced both no time delay and a 15 min delay between study and test to assess short-term and long-term recognition. A significant main effect of time delay was found with higher recognition at the immediate test than after the 15 min delay. A significant main effect of emotion was found with higher recognition for angry emotional expressions than happy expressions. Lastly, a significant two-way interaction was found for facial stimuli race and emotional expression; angry White faces had higher recognition than the other three conditions. However, the predicted delay by expression interaction was not found. These results are discussed in the context of racial demographic, the cross-race effect (CRE), and WEIRD samples

INTERNATIONAL LAW-JURISDICTION-APPLICATION OF UNITED STATES SEAMAN\u27S LAWS TO FOREIGN SEAMEN ON FOREIGN VESSELS

Libelants, eleven Greek seamen, signed a contract in the United States for a voyage from this country to Spain on a Greek vessel. They were discharged when the ship reached Barcelona. The shipowners made advance payments to these seamen, as they had in the past, and deducted such payments when settlements were made in the United States at the end of the voyage, a practice contrary to a federal statute. Prior to libelants\u27 return to the United States from Spain, where they had been properly discharged, suit was instituted in their behalf for wages. Respondents paid into court a sum which, they claimed, constituted the wages due. The district court held that it lacked jurisdiction because libelants had not terminated their voyage in the United States and were not present in this country when the suit was instituted. On appeal, held, reversed. The court had jurisdiction of the wage dispute because of the violation of the statute prohibiting advances. Despite libelants\u27 discharge in a foreign country, the statute was applicable to this case because the advances and settlements were both made in the United States, the vessel was in the United States when the suit was started, and the disputed wage balance had been paid into court. Heros v. Cockinos, ( 4th Cir. 1949) 177 F. (2d) 570

Temperature Regulation: Central Neurology And The Role Of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (Sheep)

Thesis (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1986This thesis investigates the hypothesis that thermoregulation may depend upon opposing responses of hot and cold temperature sensors with reciprocal inhibition between the efferent signals to the heat loss and heat production effectors, rather than upon comparison of a regulated variable with a temperature insensitive reference signal. A physical model was built to demonstrate that temperature regulation can work on this principle, and intracerebroventricular injections (ICV) of synaptically active substances were made into sheep to investigate the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a neurotransmitter of reciprocal inhibition in thermoregulation. The model consisted of two inversely-related temperature-dependent signal generators connected to opposing correction effectors which served to heat and cool a plexiglass chamber. Reciprocal inhibition between the efferent pathways created a thermoregulatory null-zone which could be varied by manipulating signals converging onto either pathway to qualitatively simulate physiological responses to fever, hibernation and ICV injections of synaptically active substances. ICV injections of GABA or its agonist muscimol inhibited heat loss in the heat and heat production in the cold in sheep. An ICV injection of a GABA blocker prior to the ICV injection of an excitatory transmitter of either the heat production pathway in the heat or the heat loss pathway in the cold activated both heat production and heat loss effectors simultaneously. These results support the hypotheses that thermoregulation may depend upon opposing responses of sensor signals with reciprocal inhibition between the signals to opposing effectors and that GABA acts as the neurotransmitter of reciprocal inhibition

The Regulation Of Enzyme Activity In A Hibernator: 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase From Liver Of The Arctic Ground Squirrel

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 198

Learning Continuous Action-Effect Contingencies through Observation

The effects of our movements become associated with the motor commands that generate those movements (Hommel et al., 2001), and later exposure to (i.e., perception of) those effects (e.g., being a passenger in a car) primes us to make those same types of movements. To date, these experiments have used discrete stimuli and discrete responses. The present experiment investigated whether or not response-effect pairings could be acquired during a continuous control task, and whether one can learn such pairings, simply by observing another person do the control task. One of the participants used the A and L key on a keyboard to keep a circle stimulus inside a rectangle for three minutes, while the other participant (i.e., Observers) observed them. Each key press produced a clearly discernible tone as long as the key was pressed. Half of the observers sat next to the controller and were able to observe the key-presses (i.e., actions) and dot movements (i.e. effects) the controller made—Full Observers. The other half had their view of the controller’s hand obstructed, in the attempt to deny them access to the controller’s actions—Partial Observers. All participants completed stimulus-compatibility reaction-time tasks to test whether dot movements or tones primed their actions, both before and after the control phase. Reaction times for Target-Prime pairings that were congruent with those in the control task were subtracted from those that were incongruent. These priming scores underwent a Session (i.e., preand post—within) by Prime Type (i.e., dot motion or tones—within) by Condition (i.e., Controllers, Full Observers, and Partial Observers—between) mixed factors ANOVA, which revealed a marginally significant Session X Condition interaction in which priming scores became larger for Controllers across sessions while the opposite occurred for both types of Observers. Contrary to Jordan and Hunsinger (2008), the finding that Full Observers performed more like Partial Observers than Controllers challenges the idea that one can learn the action effect contingencies produced by another, simply through observation.https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/urspsych/1007/thumbnail.jp

Education for life or life-long education?

Historically, people learned skills that lasted for their lifetime. This was «education for life». In the modern technical and scientific world, things change so rapidly that a professional must continuously learn new material. This is «life-long education». Technological advances require signifi cant changes the electrical engineering curriculum. Studies of vacuum tubes and transformers have given way to studies of control theory, VSLI chips, semiconductor technology and lasers. An electrical engineer can not expect to master all aspects of the field within four or even eight years of study. Continuing education has become part of an engineering career