Fever of Unknown Origin in the Elderly: Lymphoma Presenting as Vertebral Compression Fractures

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111209/1/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06080.x.pd

Analysis and Design of Crew Sleep Station for ISS

This paper details the analysis and design of the Temporary Sleep Station (TeSS) environmental control system for International Space Station (ISS). The TeSS will provide crewmembers with a private and personal space, to accommodate sleeping, donning and doffing of clothing, personal communication and performance of recreational activities. The need for privacy to accommodate these activities requires adequate ventilation inside the TeSS. This study considers whether temperature, carbon dioxide, and humidity within the TeSS remain within crew comfort and safety levels for various expected operating scenarios. Evaluation of these scenarios required the use and integration of various simulation codes. An approach was adapted for this study, whereby results from a particular code were integrated with other codes when necessary. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods were used to evaluate the flow field inside the TeSS, from which local gradients for temperature, velocity, and species concentration such as CO (sub 2) could be determined. A model of the TeSS, containing a human, as well as equipment such as a laptop computer, was developed in FLUENT, a finite-volume code. Other factors, such as detailed analysis of the heat transfer through the structure, radiation, and air circulation from the TeSS to the US Laboratory Aisle, where the TeSS is housed, were considered in the model. A complementary model was developed in G189A, a code which has been used by NASA/JSC for environmental control systems analyses since the Apollo program. Boundary conditions were exchanged between the FLUENT and G189A TeSS models. G189A provides human respiration rates to the FLUENT model, while the FLUENT model provides local convective heat transfer coefficients to G189A model. An additional benefit from using an approach with both a systems simulation and CFD model, is the capability to verify the results of each model by comparison to the results of the other model. The G189A and FLUENT models were used to evaluate various ventilation designs for the TeSS over a range of operating conditions with varying crew metabolic load, equipment operating modes, ventilation flow rates, and with the TeSS doors open and closed. Results from the study were instrumental in the optimization of a design for the TeSS ventilation hardware. A special case was considered where failure of the TeSS ventilation system occurred. In this case, a study was conducted in order to determine the time required for the CO (sub 2) concentration inside the TeSS to increase to ISS limit values under transient conditions. A lumped-capacitance code, SINDA-FLUINT was used in this case to provide accurate predictions of the human reaction to the TeSS cabin conditions including core and skin temperatures and body heat storage. A simple two-dimensional CFD model of a crewmember inside the TeSS was developed in FLUENT in order to determine the volume envelope of the respired air from the human, which maintained a minimum velocity profile. This volume was then used in the SINDA-FLUINT model to facilitate the calculations of CO (sub 2) concentrations, dry bulb temperatures and humidity levels inside the TeSS

Operator-Algebraic Approach to the Yrast Spectrum of Weakly Interacting Trapped Bosons

We present an operator-algebraic approach to deriving the low-lying quasi-degenerate spectrum of weakly interacting trapped N bosons with total angular momentum \hbar L for the case of small L/N, demonstrating that the lowest-lying excitation spectrum is given by 27 g n_3(n_3-1)/34, where g is the strength of the repulsive contact interaction and n_3 the number of excited octupole quanta. Our method provides constraints for these quasi-degenerate many-body states and gives higher excitation energies that depend linearly on N.Comment: 7 pages, one figur

Interdiffusion: A probe of vacancy diffusion in III-V materials

Copyright 1997 by the American Physical Society. Article is available at

The Surface of a Bose-Einstein Condensed Atomic Cloud

We investigate the structure and collective modes of a planar surface of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensed gas at zero temperature. In the long-wavelength limit we find a mode similar to the gravity wave on the surface of a fluid with the frequency $\omega$ and the wavenumber $q$ related by $\omega^2=Fq/m$. Here $F$ is the force due to the confining potential at the surface and $m$ is the particle mass. At shorter wavelengths we use a variational approach and find corrections to $\omega^2$ of order $q^4 \ln{q}$. We demonstrate the usefulness of the concept of an effective surface tension for describing both static and dynamic properties of condensed atomic clouds.Comment: 8 pages, REVTEX, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Do attractive bosons condense?

Motivated by experiments on bose atoms in traps which have attractive interactions (e.g. ^7Li), we consider two models which may be solved exactly. We construct the ground states subject to the constraint that the system is rotating with angular momentum proportional to the number of atoms. In a conventional system this would lead to quantised vortices; here, for attractive interactions, we find that the angular momentum is absorbed by the centre of mass motion. Moreover, the state is uncondensed and is an example of a `fragmented' condensate discussed by Nozi\`eres and Saint James. The same models with repulsive interactions are fully condensed in the thermodynamic limit.Comment: 4 pages, Latex, RevTe

Zero-temperature phase diagram of binary boson-fermion mixtures

We calculate the phase diagram for dilute mixtures of bosons and fermions at zero temperature. The linear stability conditions are derived and related to the effective boson-induced interaction between the fermions. We show that in equilibrium there are three possibilities: a) a single uniform phase, b) a purely fermionic phase coexisting with a purely bosonic one and c) a purely fermionic phase coexisting with a mixed phase.Comment: 8 pages, revtex, 3 postscript figures; NORDITA-1999/71 C