Response of Fishes to Restoration Projects in Bayou St. John located within the City of New Orleans, Louisiana, including Hydrological Characterization and Hydrodynamic Modelling

Quantifying the impacts of restoration on coastal waterways is crucial to understanding their effectiveness. Here, I look at the impacts of multiple restoration projects on urban waterways within the city limits of New Orleans, LA, with an emphasis on the response of fishes. First I report the effects of two projects designed to improve exchange down estuary on the hydrologic characteristics of Bayou St. John (BSJ). Within BSJ, flow is dominated by subtidal wind driven processes. Removal of an outdated flood control structure did not appear to alter exchange in BSJ, but removal combined with sector gate openings did. I also refined a three dimensional hydrodynamic model of this system to have accurate predictions of velocity and elevation. Temperature and salinity were difficult to constrain with this model. Solutions of this model were used to compare flow metrics, along with linearly interpolated temperature, and other variables to Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) activity and movement patterns. Relationships between Red Drum activity and velocity suggested a response to subtidal, wind driven flow. Overall, high Sedentariness, a measure of inactivity, was found suggesting high levels of site fidelity. Higher mean Sedentariness during the night was also found. I also used a pseudo-BACI design to analyze the fish assemblage response to removal of an outdated flood control structure and the impacts of sector gate openings on fish guild species richness in BSJ. Limited differences were found when comparing fish assemblages before and after removal, but these differences were likely due to a decrease in salinity not restoration efforts. No significant differences in Freshwater or Estuarine fish guild species richness was observed for any of the control or impact sites. Marine fish species richness was found to be higher immediately following sector gate openings at the site closest to the structure, suggesting an initial pulse of young marine organisms is provided via these events. The findings here can be used to optimize management of exchange flow in coastal impounded waterways

Fish Assemblage Dynamics and Red Drum Habitat Selection in Bayou St. John and Associated Urban Waterways located within the City of New Orleans, Louisiana

Bayou St. John (BSJ) and City Park Lakes and Lagoons (CPLL) are urban waterways in New Orleans, Louisiana. I studied habitat selection of red drum in BSJ, and fish assemblage change in BSJ and CPLL over 40 years. Temperature was found to be the best predictor of red drum habitat selection in Bayou St. John, while salinity and change in depth also were found to be good predictors for certain sites. Potential prey item abundance did not appear to influence habitat selection. Using data from 1971 – 2010, nearshore habitats in CPLL were affected by Hurricane Katrina, but have sense recovered and nearshore habitats in BSJ were found to have decreased diversity. Pelagic habitats in both areas were found stable across 40 years. Since 2006, nearshore assemblages were similar for CPLL and BSJ with a decrease in fishes from Order: Cyprinodontiformes and an increase in other fishes seen across years

Extraction of Process Specific Photolithogtaphy Model Parameters

In order to truly represent photolithography through simulation, the exposure, bake and development models and model parameters must be accurate. Models for the pre-bake, exposure, post-exposure/pre-development bake, and the development have been developed and are available with most commercial simulators.15 The extraction of the exposure parameters has been established.13 However, the extraction of the bake and development model parameters have been subject to question\u273 given the immersion type development that has been required for the measurement of the development rate and henceforth the extraction of these parameters. Using the approach for the measurement of the in-situ development rate, developed in the first paper of this two paper series, the model parameters were extracted for Shipley 812 resist with Shipley MF312 developer. Development rates for exposures of 66, 90 and ll4rnJ/cm2 were measured. It was discovered that the set of Kim model parameters, R1 through R, were highly correlated with the combination of the Dill exposure parameters. Thus, for A=O.581pin\u27, B=O.O82im1, C=O.013cm2/mJ, the parameters R1=25.559micrometers/min, R2=1O.45lmicrometersm/min, R3=1.879, R4=O.1l2, R5=1.586, R,=0.000micrometers, and a=O.OO16im were extracted. A comparison of simulated data using the extracted model parameters with the measured data demonstrated the quality of the fit

YASIR: A Low-Latency, High-Integrity Security Retrofit for Legacy SCADA Systems

We construct a bump-in-the-wire (BITW) solution that retrofits security into time-critical communications over bandwidth-limited serial links between devices in Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. Previous BITW solutions fail to provide the necessary security within timing constraints; the previous solution that does provide the necessary security is not BITW. At a comparable hardware cost, our BITW solution provides sufficient security, and yet incurs minimal end-to-end communication latency. A microcontroller prototype of our solution is under development

PPAA: Peer-to-Peer Anonymous Authentication (Extended Version)

In the pursuit of authentication schemes that balance user privacy and accountability, numerous anonymous credential systems have been constructed. However, existing systems assume a client-server architecture in which only the clients, but not the servers, care about their privacy. In peer-to-peer (P2P) systems where both clients and servers are peer users with privacy concerns, no existing system correctly strikes that balance between privacy and accountability. In this paper, we provide this missing piece: a credential system in which peers are {\em pseudonymous} to one another (that is, two who interact more than once can recognize each other via pseudonyms) but are otherwise anonymous and unlinkable across different peers. Such a credential system finds applications in, e.g., Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANets) and P2P networks. We formalize the security requirements of our proposed credential system, provide a construction for it, and prove the security of our construction. Our solution is efficient: its complexities are independent of the number of users in the system

YASIR: A Low-Latency, High-Integrity Security Retrofit for Legacy SCADA Systems (Extended Version)

We construct a bump-in-the-wire (BITW) solution that retrofits security into time-critical communications over bandwidth-limited serial links between devices in legacy Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, on which the proper operations of critical infrastructures such as the electric power grid rely. Previous BITW solutions do not provide the necessary security within timing constraints; the previous solution that does is not BITW. At a hardware cost comparable to existing solutions, our BITW solution provides sufficient security, and yet incurs minimal end-to-end communication latency

The trauma memory quality questionnaire:Preliminary development and validation of a measure of trauma memory characteristics for children and adolescents

It has been suggested that post-traumatic stress is related to the nature of an individual's trauma memories. While this hypothesis has received support in adults, few studies have examined this in children and adolescents. This article describes the development and validation of a measure of the nature of children's trauma memories, the Trauma Memory Quality Questionnaire (TMQQ), that might test this hypothesis and be of clinical use. The measure was standardised in two samples, a cross-sectional sample of non-clinic referred secondary school pupils (n=254), and a sample participating in a prospective study of children and adolescents who had attended a hospital Accident and Emergency department following an assault or a road traffic accident (n=106). The TMQQ was found to possess good internal consistency, criterion validity, and construct validity, but test-retest reliability has yet to be established

Technique for the Measurement of the In-Situ Development Rate

In the past, a Perkin Elmer Development Rate Monitor (DRM) has been used to measure the development rate of photoresist. However, due to several limitations of the DRM, the development rates measured therein, are not truly representative of the resist processing on a production lire. Subtleties in the development system are not obtained through the DRM and hence an in-situ development rate is required. Using a Site Services Development Spray Monitor (DSM 100) and a post processing algorithm. the in-situ measured development rates were obtained. The interference signals for eight different wavelengths were simultaneously monitored on a pattemed wafer as it spun on the development module of a wafer track. Since the interference signal is generated from a circularly polarized light source, the DSM 100 has demonstrated robustness to the red cloud effect, developer spray, bubbles in the developer, and ambient light.\u27 Two algorithms for the calculation of the in-situ development rate are proposed. After collecting the eight interference curves, these post processing algorithms used the Marquardt Levenberg non-linear regression algorithm and a linear regression approach to find the development rate as a function of development time. Although the standing wave effect was visible in the plots of development rate versus time using both techniques, the first approach generated the better curve. A plot of development rate versus depth was generated via numerical integration of the plot of development rate versus time. Since the only equation used in the post processing algorithm is the interference relationship, this technique is equally well suited for other types of exposure and resist chemistries. Possession of the in-situ development rate could provide further insight into resist development mechanisms, the development of better models, and the extraction of photolithography model parameters that are specific to the production process

Is the Cepheus E Outflow driven by a Class 0 Protostar?

New early release observations of the Cepheus E outflow and its embedded source, obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope, are presented. We show the driving source is detected in all 4 IRAC bands, which suggests that traditional Class 0 classification, although essentially correct, needs to accommodate the new high sensitivity infrared arrays and their ability to detected deeply embedded sources. The IRAC, MIPS 24 and 70 microns new photometric points are consistent with a spectral energy distribution dominated by a cold, dense envelope surrounding the protostar. The Cep E outflow, unlike its more famous cousin the HH 46/47 outflow, displays a very similar morphology in the near and mid-infrared wavelengths, and is detected at 24 microns. The interface between the dense molecular gas (where Cep E lies) and less dense interstellar medium, is well traced by the emission at 8 and 24 microns, and is one of the most exotic features of the new IRAC and MIPS images. IRS observations of the North lobe of the flow confirm that most of the emission is due to the excitation of pure H2 rotational transitions arising from a relatively cold (Tex~700 K) and dense (N{H}~9.6E20 cm-2 molecular gas.Comment: 14 pages (pre-print format), including 6 figures. Published in ApJ Special Spitzer Issue (2004