Mapping the Impact of A Trailway System on the Amount of Trash Present Within Two

Transportation of debris within water systems is a prominent occurrence which has been linked to natural and artificial processes including wind, rain, and littering. This pilot study established methods to determine if a trail system is a good implementation to achieve recreation and connectivity goals laid out in the City of Lynchburg’s Tyreeanna & Pleasant Valley Neighborhood Plan. Blackwater Creek watershed, which contains an established trail system, and Fishing Creek watershed, containing a non-established trail system, were the two locations where this study’s methods were conducted. Use of the Virginia GIS Open Access Portal was essential in delineating the boundary lines of the watersheds, pinpointing study sites, and determining recreation access currently available in each watershed. Typical debris found included glass bottles, snack wrappers, tattered clothing, household decor, along with larger items such as couch cushions and traffic cones. Based on the collection results, both the presence of signage, distinguishing the greenway as protected, and the absence of nearby businesses to the waterway helped reduce trash accumulation in Blackwater Creek. With these findings I recommend that recreation development in the Tyreanna and Pleasant Valley section of the City of Lynchburg include signage displaying fines for littering, adding trash collection receptacles, and establishing city operated and protected parks

A unit for a seventh year class in American history

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Border crossings: The diffusion of scarlet fever in mid-Victorian Essex County (Ontario).

Local area studies are undertaken mainly for two reasons: to demonstrate a common situation, or to explain an anomaly. In the case of Essex County in 1871, the circumstances were similar to other counties in Ontario, and yet there was a situation which was not encountered in the areas with which it could be compared. In that year there was an epidemic of scarlet fever in Essex County which claimed 124 lives. While there are several factors which could produce the occurrence of an epidemic, there was only one which was responsible for the outbreak in this region. This one factor, which was not found in any of the other counties studied, was the close, daily contact between the residents of Essex County and the City of Detroit. Scarlet fever is a bacterial infection which is highly contagious, and therefore opportunities for contact condition the prevalence of its incidence. In Essex County approximately 22 percent of the deaths recorded on the 1871 Census were due to scarlet fever, a number higher than in any other county that year. An integral part of studying the epidemic is understanding the context within which it occurred; a context which included nineteenth century social conditions, prevailing attitudes toward death and illness, and the various medical and scientific theories which were followed. The counties of Waterloo North, Bruce South, Simcoe North, and Welland were studied for comparison of conditions and were found to have been similar to Essex County. The one factor present only in Essex was the intimate link to Detroit. It was this link, then, that was likely responsible for the outbreak of scarlet fever in 1871. The significance of the situation in Essex County is that if similar conditions were found to occur elsewhere, the same situation could arise.Dept. of History, Philosophy, and Political Science. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1994 .S646. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 33-04, page: 1130. Supervisor: Kenneth G. Pryke. Thesis (M.A.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1994

Interactive singulation of objects from a pile

Abstract—Interaction with unstructured groups of objects allows a robot to discover and manipulate novel items in cluttered environments. We present a framework for interactive singulation of individual items from a pile. The proposed framework provides an overall approach for tasks involving operation on multiple objects, such as counting, arranging, or sorting items in a pile. A perception module combined with pushing actions accumulates evidence of singulated items over multiple pile interactions. A decision module scores the likelihood of a single-item pile to a multiple-item pile based on the magnitude of motion and matching determined from the perception module. Three variations of the singulation framework were evaluated on a physical robot for an arrangement task. The proposed interactive singulation method with adaptive pushing reduces the grasp errors on non-singulated piles compared to alternative methods without the perception and decision modules. This work contributes the general pile interaction framework, a specific method for integrating perception and action plans with grasp decisions, and an experimental evaluation of the cost trade-offs for different singulation methods. I

Recommended methodologies to determine Australian Indigenous community members' perceptions of their health needs: a literature review

When addressing disparities in health status of Indigenous Australians, it is necessary to consult with Indigenous people to explore their health needs. The process of improving health outcomes is complex; it requires acknowledgement of underlying cultural and social determinants of health and active engagement of Indigenous people to define the issues and identify solutions. The aim of this study is to explore the most appropriate research methodologies to determine Australian Indigenous community members' perceptions of their health needs. A scoping review was conducted in BioMed Central, CINAHL, Informit Health, MEDLINE Ovid, ProQuest and Scopus databases and Google Scholar for all relevant literature published between 2009 and 2018. Extensive manual searches of reference lists were also undertaken. The limited number of articles relating to needs assessment with Indigenous community members prescribed broadening the scope of the review to include articles that describe methodologies to enhance Indigenous people's engagement in the research process. Twelve papers met the inclusion criteria. Three major themes emerged: (1) the imperative to develop and implement Indigenist research methodologies; (2) participatory action research (PAR) and community-based participatory research (CBPR) as appropriate methodologies to conduct research with Indigenous community members; and (3) yarning or storytelling as a culturally appropriate Indigenous method of data collection

Failing Forward Quickly as a Developmental Evaluator: Lessons from Year One of the LiveWell Kershaw Journey

Background: Learning to be a developmental evaluator is challenging because it is relatively new and sparsely documented in the scholarly literature. Developmental evaluation is intended to support the ever-changing and adaptive nature of complex environments. In a developmental, systems-oriented evaluation framework, the evaluator is embedded in the process to support and generate learnings from ongoing findings. Purpose: This article presents the lessons learned through one case study and how the concept of failing forward can guide the evaluator’s reflective process through a developmental evaluation.Setting: Free clinic and community setting in Kershaw County, South Carolina Intervention: NA Research Design: NA Data Collection and Analysis: The Evaluator documented mistakes and lessons learned during the beginning, planning and implementation stages of a complex community health initiative. Findings: The evaluation team shares five mistakes made along during the journey and lessons learned.  It’s important for teams to understand what differentiates developmental evaluation from other types of evaluation and the role of the evaluator.  The “critical friend” boundary can be easily crossed and the evaluator needs to have a strong understanding of the needs of the initiative

Silent memory engrams as the basis for retrograde amnesia

Recent studies identified neuronal ensembles and circuits that hold specific memory information (memory engrams). Memory engrams are retained under protein synthesis inhibition-induced retrograde amnesia. These engram cells can be activated by optogenetic stimulation for full-fledged recall, but not by stimulation using natural recall cues (thus, amnesia). We call this state of engrams “silent engrams” and the cells bearing them “silent engram cells.” The retention of memory information under amnesia suggests that the time-limited protein synthesis following learning is dispensable for memory storage, but may be necessary for effective memory retrieval processes. Here, we show that the full-fledged optogenetic recall persists at least 8 d after learning under protein synthesis inhibition-induced amnesia. This long-term retention of memory information correlates with equally persistent retention of functional engram cell-to-engram cell connectivity. Furthermore, inactivation of the connectivity of engram cell ensembles with its downstream counterparts, but not upstream ones, prevents optogenetic memory recall. Consistent with the previously reported lack of retention of augmented synaptic strength and reduced spine density in silent engram cells, optogenetic memory recall under amnesia is stimulation strength-dependent, with low-power stimulation eliciting only partial recall. Finally, the silent engram cells can be converted to active engram cells by overexpression of α-p-21–activated kinase 1, which increases spine density in engram cells. These results indicate that memory information is retained in a form of silent engram under protein synthesis inhibition-induced retrograde amnesia and support the hypothesis that memory is stored as the specific connectivity between engram cells.RIKEN Brain Science InstituteHoward Hughes Medical InstituteJPB Foundatio

Crossroads of Maternal Health in Indiana

Our zine is about the state of maternal health in Indiana. Our zine will dive into the areas in Indiana which lack obstetrician services and the cause of this, the maternal mortality rate in Indiana, solutions for the maternal mortality rate in Indiana, alongside the alarming racial gap between black and white mothers’ maternal mortality rate in Indiana. We will also note resources for mothers who lack access to obstetrician services.https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/spring_2023/1014/thumbnail.jp