Characterisation of host growth after infection with a broad-range freshwater cyanopodophage

Freshwater cyanophages are poorly characterised in comparison to their marine counterparts, however, the level of genetic diversity that exists in freshwater cyanophage communities is likely to exceed that found in marine environments, due to the habitat heterogeneity within freshwater systems. Many cyanophages are specialists, infecting a single host species or strain; however, some are less fastidious and infect a number of different host genotypes within the same species or even hosts from different genera. Few instances of host growth characterisation after infection by broad host-range phages have been described. Here we provide an initial characterisation of interactions between a cyanophage isolated from a freshwater fishing lake in the south of England and its hosts. Designated ΦMHI42, the phage is able to infect isolates from two genera of freshwater cyanobacteria, Planktothrix and Microcystis. Transmission Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy indicate that ΦMHI42 is a member of the Podoviridae, albeit with a larger than expected capsid. The kinetics of host growth after infection with ΦMHI42 differed across host genera, species and strains in a way that was not related to the growth rate of the uninfected host. To our knowledge, this is the first characterisation of the growth of cyanobacteria in the presence of a broad host-range freshwater cyanophage

Henri Temianka Correspondence; (josmith)

https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/temianka_correspondence/2793/thumbnail.jp

Performative Gender and Pop Fiction Females: Emancipating Byronic Heroines through a Feminist Education

I can be a regular bitch. Just try me. With this phrase emblazoned across her t-shirt, Lisbeth Salander, pierced, tattooed, and bedecked in leather, waltzes from the pages of Stieg Larsson\u27s The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo. This woman who subverts authority, maliciously tattoos and sodomizes a man, and intentionally distances herself from close relationships of any kind has somehow managed to capture both the attention and admiration of the American audience. This disheartening phenomenon stems from a renewed interest in the Byronic heroine, a female possessing those traits traditionally assigned to Byronic heroes and men, and the rise of the Byronic heroine, as I will discuss, is intrinsically linked to the ebb and flow of the Third Wave of feminism. Hermione (Harry Potter) offers a picture of a heroine that embodies the Second Wave\u27s agenda; she is intelligent, independent, and only barely Byronic. While Katniss (Hunger Games) and Lisbeth (Girl with the Dragon Tattoo) are thoroughly Byronic, the plots surrounding these heroines greatly contrast the fates of previous Byronic heroines. Unfortunately, though their lives may be saved, their futures are lost. The breakdown of the gender binary, as seen in the rise of the successful Byronic heroine, does not bode well for the future of a society that insists on culturally-constructed gender. Though the First and Second Wave produce innocuous literary ripples, such as Hermione Granger, the leap into the deep end of the Third Wave, accompanied by characters like Katniss Everdeen and Lisbeth Salander, is not only alarming, but it is also cause for immediate concern. By first examining the history of feminism and its literary products, and then by establishing a connections between Byronism and education, I will lay the groundwork for my argument, ultimately establishing that the cultural reception of each of these two Byronic heroines, Katniss and Lisbeth, indicates the permeating, damaging effects of the Third Wave\u27s attempt to eliminate gender binaries, seen to its fruition through emancipatory education

Kevin Hines Visits GWU

Suicide survivor Kevin Hines shared his testimony at Gardner-Webb and how he survived jumping from the Golden Gate Bridge. View all the photos here.https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/gwu-today/1583/thumbnail.jp

Intercropping with resistant cultivars reduces early blight and root knot disease on susceptible cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

The objective of this research was to determine if disease on susceptible tomato cultivars is reduced by intercropping with resistant cultivars. A second objective was to investigate the mechanism of the disease reduction observed. Early blight (caused by Alternaria solani) rate of disease increase and lesion expansion were lower on susceptible tomato cv. \u27Brandywine\u27 when intercropped with resistant cv. \u27Juliet\u27 than with \u27Brandywine\u27 monoculture in both the field and greenhouse. Yield from \u27Brandywine\u27 plants was 17.3% greater when intercropped with \u27Juliet\u27 than when grown in monoculture. Reduction in lesion expansion on \u27Brandywine\u27 when intercropped with \u27Juliet\u27 suggests an interaction initiating a defense response in \u27Brandywine\u27. Increase in foliar salicylic acid (SA) concentration was greater in \u27Juliet\u27 than in \u27Brandywine\u27 following inoculation with A. solani, indicating that SA accumulation may contribute to increased resistance in \u27Juliet\u27. In greenhouse experiments, there was a trend toward increased production of salicylic acid content in the leaves of \u27Brandywine\u27 when planted with resistant cultivars compared to those next to \u27Brandywine\u27, however this was not statistically significant. In addition, SA production 72 hours after inoculation with A. solani in the greenhouse was correlated with resistance in the field on 16 cultivars of tomato. A reduction in the spread of the parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita to \u27Brandywine\u27 when interplanted with root knot disease resistant cultivar \u27Celebrity\u27 was observed in the greenhouse. Results suggest that intercropping with resistant cultivars is effective in reducing diseases on susceptible cultivars caused by diverse pathogens. The main mechanism of disease reduction is attributed to reduced susceptible leaf material in the plot, however the potential for induced resistance in \u27Brandywine\u27 is discussed

Optical imaging of IRAS galaxies : the evolution of infrared- bright galaxies.

Gravitational interactions play an important role in galaxy evolution, both in causing rapid structural changes in individual galaxies, and in changing the overall properties of galaxies over the age of the Universe. Galaxy interactions have also been linked to high far-infrared luminosities and Seyfert activity. In this thesis, the relationship between far-infrared luminosity and interactions is explored by means of an I-band CCD imaging survey of a 60 $\mu$m flux-limited sample of 275 galaxies. The galaxies in this sample are classified as interacting or non-interacting based on the information in these images. The definition of an interacting pair used here is: the companion galaxy must have at least 1/4 the I-band luminosity of the infrared galaxy, the separation between the two must be less than three times the larger radius, and the velocity difference for the two galaxies must be less than 500 km/s. It is found that 56 of these galaxies are interacting, 198 are non-interacting, and 21 are ambiguous. The interacting galaxies have an average 60 $\mu$m luminosity of $\sim$6 times that of the non-interacting galaxies, consistent with numerical models of interacting galaxies. The 60 $\mu$m luminosity functions $\phi$(L) of interacting galaxies and of non-interacting galaxies are then derived. Non-interacting galaxies dominate the luminosity function at low luminosities, while interacting dominate at high luminosities. The luminosity function of non-interacting galaxies drops off fairly steeply at {\rm L \u3e 10\sp{10}L\sb{o}(\phi(L) \propto L\sp{-2.1})}, while that of interacting galaxies is flatter {\rm (\phi(L) \propto L\sp{-1.2})}. There are $\sim$5 times as many non-interacting galaxies as interacting galaxies having L(60) $\u3e$ L(MILKY WAY), and $\sim$100 times more having L(60) $\u3e$ 2 $\times$ 10\sp8L\sb{\rm o}. The derived luminosity functions of interacting and non-interacting galaxies are used to predict 60 $\mu$m source counts in deeper surveys. If only interacting galaxies are assumed to evolve, the predicted source counts are 60-80% those determined if all galaxies evolve. Assuming the I-band light ratio approximates the mass ratio, the 60 $\mu$m luminosity is compared with mass ratio and with pair separation. It is found that the mean luminosity of pairs with separation greater than 3 times the radius is similar to that of galaxies without bound companions, suggesting that encounters between galaxies with separations greater than three times the radius do not greatly enhance the star formation rate. Additionally, low mass companions (m\sb1/m\sb2) are not found to greatly enhance the far-infrared luminosity

Working memory training and explicit teaching : A transdisciplinary approach to reading intervention

This multiple case study investigates the use of adaptive, cognitive working memory training in tandem with a literacy intervention program in the address of learning difficulties in reading as well as working memory difficulties. The study was completed with middle primary aged students in a large Australian primary school. The study adds to research in this area through indication a transfer of trained improvement in working memory to improvement in reading skills with a high level of inter-relationship with working memory may be evidenced when both working memory training and reading intervention are delivered within the school setting. The study indicated the importance of considering cognitive load when structuring the delivery and timing of these intervention programs. Several suggestions for future research are offered to both challenge and extend the findings of this study