Catalytic oxidation of organic compounds in waste water

Water pollution is rapidly becoming a major problem. Through studies of the effect of ultrasound on catalysts it has been found that certain water pollutants can be oxidized or modified. This synergetic effect between ultrasound and certain heterogeneous catalysts, sonocatalysis, is demonstrated qualitatively for a number of organic compounds (anilines, stilbestrol, orthochloronitrobenzene and phenol) and quantitatively for the oxidation of iodide ion. The technique shows promise as a tertiary treatment of municipal waste water.U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological SurveyOpe

The effects of structural changes on the formation of urea adducts of esters

An unexpected discovery in 1940 revealed that urea has the peculiar property to form crystalline adducts with many straight chain organic compounds. Since the discovery, considerable time and money have been spent on the elucidation of this phenomenon, and the field of urea adducts has now advanced to the stage at which many empirical rules have been observed but, unfortunately, no sound theory has been formulated. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect, if any, of changes in structure upon the amount of urea required to adduct with esters. The change in structure consisted of changing the position of the carbonyl group in a series of straight chain twenty-carbon esters

THE INVESTMENT POTENTIAL OF WARM-SEASON GRASSES FOR HILL-LAND BEEF PRODUCERS

The investment potential of warm-season grasses is compared with that of cool-season grasses, with special emphasis on hill-land beef production. In addition to evaluating relative costs and returns for various grazing systems, a sensitivity analysis is conducted. The results are then illustrated for a representative hill-land farm in West Virginia, and both an optimal and a set of quasi-optimal solutions are generated within the linear programming framework. In general, warm-season grasses are found to be a superior investment alternative for hill-land beef producers.Livestock Production/Industries,

Confronting social constructions of rural criminality: a case story on 'illegal pluriactivity' in the farming community.

The accepted social construction of the rural criminal is that of the (alien) urban marauder. In this social script the farmer is presented as the victim of crime. Traditionally, farmers enjoy high levels of social esteem and rarely are they vilified. This case story examines alternative income generating strategies from the margins of agriculture which include theft of animals and property; engaging in the illegal meat trade; trading in illegal medicines and wildlife and dog breeding. This case using ethnographic observation examines the activities of such individuals and documents the phenomenon of an indigenous rural criminal fraternity in Scotland

Illegal diversification in the farming community?

Traditionally, farmers enjoy high levels of social esteem. Like the entrepreneur, they are ascribed the twin status of hero and loner. However, not all farmers are paragons of virtue and some are dishonest. These are what we call ‘rogue’ farmers

From Living to Fish to Fishing to Live: The Evolution of Personal Leisure

Abstract This study investigated the impact of guiding anglers for compensation on a guide’s attitude toward fishing as a personally satisfying recreational activity. Additionally, we sought to develop and employ a specialization typology based on style of fishing participation to understand how current attitudes towards fishing as a personal leisure activity vary among different groups of fishing guides. Eighteen semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with Texas inshore fishing guides and subsequent analysis yielded a typology representing four distinct styles of participation. These guides can be placed on a continuum from least specialized to most specialized: 1) Limit Guides, 2) All-purpose Guides, 3) Lure Guides and 4) Sight-casting Guides. Guides exhibiting less specialized styles of participation were more likely to view guiding as “work” or a “job”, less likely to participate in fishing as a personal leisure activity, and less likely to experience personal angling enjoyment vicariously through their clients’ fishing experience