A study of senior high school and college student attitudes toward industrial development in New Bedford, Massachusetts.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

Families like we’d always known’? Spanish gay fathers

The contributors to Assisted Reproduction Across Borders argue against normalization as an uncontested overall trend. This volume reflects on the state of the art of ARTs

Procreative consciousness in a global market: gay men's paths to surrogacy in the USA.

This article explores one of the contemporary contexts of reproductive decision-making: gay men's paths to surrogacy within the globalised USA fertility industry. The stories collected from qualitative interviews and ethnographic research with 37 gay men from several countries in Europe and the USA, who all had children through surrogacy in the USA, show that the men's understandings of their own reproductive aspirations and opportunities changed over time, as if recovering the fertility that was lost by coming out. This shift in the men's procreative consciousness - i.e. in their awareness of being subjects that could reproduce (or not) - disrupts the heteronormative idea that to be queer is not to contribute to the reproduction of the species, the family and the nation. Alongside this consciousness shift, however, reproductive decision-making of the gay men in this study was contingent on multiple factors: access to the fertility industry; economics, given how expensive and thus stratified surrogacy is; social support in the men's communities and extended families; their emotions and values. Therefore these gay men's reproductive decision-making could be characterized in terms of reproductive contingency and consciousness change, within which the globalised fertility industry was one relevant element among the choreography of multiple factors. These findings evidence that despite naturalization of reproduction as an obvious or 'natural' event in life, it is contingent, anything but obvious, and its perceptions are changeable. Reproduction is achieved not merely as a result of rational decision-making but rather in the interplay with an array of factors.Wellcome Trust (grant no. 100606 and grant no. 209829/Z/17/Z); European Commission (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF, grant no. 629341); Spanish Ministry of Economy, Competitiveness and Industry (grant no. CSO2015-64551-C3-1-R

How the Physical, Social, and Psychological Environment Impacts Border Security

Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) is a theory of crime control that posits that crime can be mitigated by shaping the physical, psychological, and social environment to prevent the meeting of perpetrators and victims. Over several decades, the United States applied the principles of CPTED to the United States-Mexico border in San Diego to secure the international border. Despite the sovereign right to secure the international border, border security became a divisive and emotionally charged topic in the United States. Studies on the effectiveness of border security were qualitative and humanitarian, describing how border security negatively impacted certain groups and was not beneficial to safety. This observational, non-experimental, quantitative study looked at the correlation between the efforts of the United States to secure the border in San Diego and the violent and property crime rates in San Diego between 1996 and 2020, as the principles of CPTED were applied. The violent and property crime rates in San Diego fell significantly between 1996 and 2020, with the property crime rate declining the most. The study found a statistically significant, strong negative correlation between applying CPTED principles on the border and the violent and property crime rates in San Diego between 1996 and 2020

Chapter 17 The Racial Contours of Queer Reproduction

In this chapter, we bring queer theory into dialogue with critical race studies. We ask “How does the literature in queer kinship engage with the issues of race and intersecting inequalities?’’ This chapter builds upon the foundational literature in queer family studies. It departs from the foundational literature in the anthropology of reproduction by placing the role that racial hierarchies and racial logics play at the center of analysis. We refer to family forms that do not conform to heteronormative, monoracial models. This chapter also advances debates in anthropology that illuminate the social, cultural, and political imperatives that confer respectability and legitimacy to transgressive family forms. Given the changing legal and global landscape, we offer a nuanced analysis of the ways that queer families employ racial and cultural logics as they engage with technologies in their pathways to parenthood. Finally, our analysis innovates and renovates queer family studies by proving an analysis of the ways that heteronormativity and Whiteness mark all logics of reproduction in the early twenty-first century

Moral frameworks of commercial surrogacy within the US, India, and Russia

In this paper, we draw on three ethnographic studies of surrogacy we carried out separately in different contexts: the western US state of California, the south Indian state of Karnataka, and the western Russian metropolis of St Petersburg. In our interviews with surrogate mothers, intended parents, and surrogacy professionals, we traced the meanings and ideologies through which they understood the clinical labour of surrogacy. We found that in the US, interviewed surrogates, intended parents and professionals understood surrogacy as an exchange of both gifts and commodities, where gift-giving, reciprocity, and relatedness between surrogates and intended parents were the major tropes. In India, differing narratives ofsurrogacy were offered by its different parties: whilst professionals and intended parents framed it as a winwin exchange with an emphasis on the economic side of it, the interviewed surrogate mothers talked about surrogacy as creative labour of giving life. In Russia, approaches to surrogacy among the interviewed surrogate mothers, professionals and intended parents overlapped in framing it as work and a businesslike commodity exchange. We suggest these three different ways of ethical reasoning about the clinical labour of surrogacy, including justifications of women’s incorporation into this labour, were situated in local moral frameworks. We name them repro-regional moral frameworks, inspired by earlier work on moral frameworks as well as on reproductive nationalisms and transnational reproduction. Building on these findings, we argue that any international or global regulation of surrogacy, or indeed any moral stance on it, needs to take these local differences into account.Funding was provided by the British Wellcome Trust (Grant no. 100606, and Grant no. 209829/Z/17/Z); the Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship – Seventh Framework Programme of the European Union (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF, Grant Agreement no. 629341, ‘SurrogARTs’), as well as and Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness / Feder / EU (grant no. CSO2015- 64551-C3-1-R). Funding was also provided by the De Montfort University, UK, via the PhD Studentship program 2013-17

Chapter 17 The Racial Contours of Queer Reproduction

In this chapter, we bring queer theory into dialogue with critical race studies. We ask “How does the literature in queer kinship engage with the issues of race and intersecting inequalities?’’ This chapter builds upon the foundational literature in queer family studies. It departs from the foundational literature in the anthropology of reproduction by placing the role that racial hierarchies and racial logics play at the center of analysis. We refer to family forms that do not conform to heteronormative, monoracial models. This chapter also advances debates in anthropology that illuminate the social, cultural, and political imperatives that confer respectability and legitimacy to transgressive family forms. Given the changing legal and global landscape, we offer a nuanced analysis of the ways that queer families employ racial and cultural logics as they engage with technologies in their pathways to parenthood. Finally, our analysis innovates and renovates queer family studies by proving an analysis of the ways that heteronormativity and Whiteness mark all logics of reproduction in the early twenty-first century

Affective De-Commodifying, Economic De-Kinning: Surrogates' and Gay Fathers' Narratives in US Surrogacy

In this paper I discuss affective and economic exchanges in commercial surrogacy in the US. I draw on a qualitative study I carried out in the US between 2014 and 2016, consisting of interviews and participant observation with 37 gay fathers in 20 families, 20 surrogates and 15 professionals. My findings suggest that emotions and affects, present in the dominant narrative of gift-giving and relatedness between surrogates and gay fathers, facilitate commodification. At the same time, I argue that emotions and affects render the effects of commodification more bearable for surrogates and intended parents, as they diminish their mutual estrangement and the surrogates’ alienation from the product of their labour. On the other hand, I show how the affective processes work simultaneously with economic dimensions of making kinship. The negotiation of kinship is facilitated by economics, as compensation that surrogates receive contributes to de-kinning their parenting status and cementing the intended fathers’ rights. According to my data, the exchange between surrogates and intended fathers in the US is founded on the women's lower socio-economic status. This stratified exchange, however, occurs mainly within the middle class between relatively economically empowered individuals, which is underpinned by a normative expectation of surrogates’ agency and self-determination. Throughout this paper I aim to show that affective and economic exchanges I observed in US surrogacy mutually reinforce each other. </jats:p

alpha,beta-Unsaturated 2-Acyl-Imidazoles in Asymmetric Biohybrid Catalysis

International audienceα,β‐Unsaturated acylimidazoles have been used in a plethora of enantioselective transformations over the years and have unsurprisingly become privileged building blocks for asymmetric catalysis. Interestingly however, their use in asymmetric biohybrid catalysis as bidentate substrates able to interact with artificial metalloenzymes has only recently emerged, expanding considerably in the last few years. Easy to prepare and to post‐transform, α,β‐unsaturated acylimidazoles appear as leading synthons for the asymmetric construction of C−C and C−O bonds. This Minireview highlights the current and increasing interest of these key building blocks in the context of asymmetric biohybrid catalysis with the aim to stimulate further research into their still unexploited potential. The use of these α,β‐unsaturated acylimidazoles in metal‐catalyzed and organocatalyzed transformations will be covered in a back‐to‐back Minireview by Renata Marcia de Figueiredo, Jean‐Marc Campagne and co‐workers

A decade of DNA-hybrid catalysis: from innovation to comprehension

crosscheck: This document is CrossCheck deposited identifier: Michael Smietana (ORCID) identifier: Stellios Arseniyadis (ORCID) identifier: Stellios Arseniyadis (ResearcherID) copyright_licence: The Royal Society of Chemistry has an exclusive publication licence for this journal history: Received 22 January 2017; Accepted 23 April 2017; Accepted Manuscript published 25 April 2017; Advance Article published 9 May 2017We would like to thank the Agence Nationale de la Recherche for funding – the NCiS project (ANR-2010-JCJC-715-1) and the D-CYSIV project (ANR-2015-CE29-0021-01