A revisited technique for combined anterior cruciate ligament and anterolateral ligament reconstructions

A new technique for combined anterior cruciate ligament and anterolateral ligament reconstructions is described. An iliotibial band strip is used as an ALL graft , leaving the distal insertion intact and fix it with a knotless anchor on the femoral origin, after tunneling it under the lateral collateral ligament

Iron silicide nanostructure formation on Au induced superstructures on Si(111)

Using scanning tunnelling microscopy we have investigated the formation of low dimensional Fe-Si structures on Au covered Si(111) surfaces. The ultrathin Au layer induces a variety of surface reconstructions, depending on the coverage and temperature: Si(111)-5 x 2, alpha-root 3 x root 3, beta-root 3 x root 3, and 6 x 6-Au. The subsequent deposition of 0.28 ML (monolayers) of Fe at 400 degrees C results in the formation of Fe-Si nanostructures whose morphological properties critically depend on the underlying surface. All Au induced reconstructions give rise to an increase in diffusion length as compared to the bare Si(111)-7 x 7 surface, thereby allowing the growth of well-separated nanostructures at considerably lower temperatures. Ultimately, the decoupling of surface diffusion and temperature, induced by the Au layer, can be exploited to tailor the island dimensions and density. With an appropriate choice of substrate, passivating layer and deposited material, nanostructures with the desired properties can be grown in a controlled way.status: publishe

Mechanical Analysis of Extra-Articular Knee Ligaments. Part One: Native knee ligaments

The aim of this study was to provide a characterization of the tensile properties of the medial collateral ligament (MCL), lateral collateral ligament (LCL), anterolateral ligament (ALL) and medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). Our hypothesis was that extra-articular knee ligaments are heterogeneous in nature and possess distinct material properties.status: publishe

The anterolateral ligament has similar biomechanical and histological properties as the inferior glenohumeral ligament

PURPOSE: To characterize the tensile and histologic properties of the anterolateral ligament (ALL), inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL), and knee capsule. METHODS: Standardized samples of the ALL (n = 19), anterolateral knee capsule (n = 15), and IGHL (n = 13) were isolated from fresh-frozen human cadavers for uniaxial tensile testing to failure. An additional 6 samples of the ALL, capsule, and IGHL were procured for histologic analysis and determination of elastin content. RESULTS: All investigated mechanical properties were significantly greater for both the ALL and IGHL when compared with capsular tissue. In contrast, no significant differences between the ALL and IGHL were found for any property. The elastic modulus of ALL and IGHL samples was 174 ± 92 MPa and 139 ± 60 MPa, respectively, compared with 62 ± 30 MPa for the capsule (P = .001). Ultimate stress was significantly lower (P < .001) for the capsule, at 13.4 ± 7.7 MPa, relative to the ALL and IGHL, at 46.4 ± 20.1 MPa and 38.7 ± 16.3 MPa, respectively. The ultimate strain at failure was 37.8% ± 7.9% for the ALL and 39.5% ± 9.4% for the IGHL; this was significantly greater (P = .041 and P = .02, respectively) for both relative to the capsule, at 32.6% ± 8.4%. The strain energy density was 7.8 ± 3.1 MPa for the ALL, 2.1 ± 1.3 MPa for the capsule, and 7.1 ± 3.1 MPa for the IGHL (P < .001). The ALL and IGHL consisted of collagen bundles aligned in a parallel manner, containing elastin bundles, which was in contrast to the random collagen architecture noted in capsule samples. CONCLUSIONS: The ALL has similar tensile and histologic properties to the IGHL. The tensile properties of the ALL are significantly greater than those observed in the knee capsule. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ALL is not just a thickening of capsular tissue and should be considered a distinct ligamentous structure comparable to the IGHL in the shoulder. The tensile behavior of the ALL is similar to the IGHL, and treatment strategies should take this into account.publisher: Elsevier articletitle: The Anterolateral Ligament Has Similar Biomechanical and Histologic Properties to the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament journaltitle: Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2017.01.038 content_type: article copyright: © 2017 by the Arthroscopy Association of North Americastatus: publishe

Mechanical Analysis of Extra-Articular Knee Ligaments. Part two: Tendon grafts used for knee ligament reconstruction

The aim of this study was to provide information about the mechanical properties of grafts used for knee ligament reconstructions and to compare those results with the mechanical properties of native knee ligaments.status: publishe

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome of the Knee after Conventional Radiofrequency Ablation of the Genicular Nerves Treated Successfully with Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation:A Case Report

BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency (RF) treatment of the genicular nerves offers pain relief in patients suffering from chronic knee pain including persistent post-surgical knee pain (PPSP). We present the first case report of the development of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) in a chronic knee pain patient after an RF ablation of the genicular nerves that was successfully treated with dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient developed increased pain, sympathetic and dysmorphic changes of the index knee 10 weeks after RF treatment for PPSP. Diagnosis of CRPS type II was made using positive clinical findings and the Budapest diagnostic tool. Laboratory workup and PET-CT were negative. The patient was refractory to usual care and she was treated successfully with dorsal ganglion root stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: CRPS is a possible complication of RF ablation of the genicular nerves in patients with chronic knee pain, and DRG stimulation may be a treatment option. Physicians should be aware of this complication, especially when patients have a medical history of CRPS

Torsional injuries of the lower limb: an analysis of the frictional torque between different types of football turf and the shoe outsole.

BACKGROUND: Football turf is increasingly used in European soccer competition. Little is known on the rotational torque that players experience on these fields. High rotational torques between the shoe outsole and the sports surface has been correlated with torsional injuries of the lower limb and knee. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of six parameters that could influence the rotational torque between the shoe outsole and the latest generation football turf. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: A testing apparatus was constructed to measure the peak torque generated during a controlled rotation of the foot. Six parameters that could potentially influence the frictional forces, were considered: (1) the sports surface, (2) the shoe outsole cleat design, (3) the weather conditions, (4) the weight, (5) the presence of an impact and (6) the direction of rotation. RESULTS: The football turf without infill showed significantly lower frictional torques than natural grass whereas a football turf with sand/rubber infill had significantly higher torques. Blades were associated with significantly higher torques than studs on natural grass and on one football turf with sand/rubber infill. Dry weather was associated with higher torques only for the football turf without infill. The torque increased linearly and significantly with an increasing vertical load. The rotational torque increased significantly following an impact. Torques on external rotational movements were significantly higher with blades. CONCLUSIONS: Important differences in rotational torques are found and could be seen as potential risk factors for torsional injuries of the lower limb.JOURNAL ARTICLEinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe