Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Cintilografia do miocárdio com tecnécio 99m-MIBI e administração de adenosina em portadores de doença arterial coronária: correlação dos resultados com a angiografia coronária e o ultra-som intracoronário Adenosine myocardial perfusion SPECT with Tc-99m-MIBI in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease: correlation between quantitative coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound measurements

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer a correlação da cintilografia de perfusão do miocárdio (CPM) com Tecnécio 99m-MIBI (MIBI) e injeção de adenosina, empregando a angiografia coronária quantitativa (ACQ) e o ultra-som intracoronário (UIC) como comparação. MÉTODOS: Estudo de 70 pacientes com doença arterial coronária (DAC), encaminhados à CPM com MIBI e adenosina. As manifestações clínicas, do eletrocardiograma (ECG) e os resultados das imagens foram correlacionadas às variáveis da análise visual e quantitativa da angiografia, bem como ao UIC. RESULTADOS: A média de idades foi de 60,6 anos, com 39 pacientes do sexo masculino. A angiografia coronária evidenciou estenose do diâmetro da luz (E%) de 49,94% em 105 artérias, com reavaliação à ACQ em 83 artérias (79%) e média de 44,20%, p<0,05. Infradesnível de ST durante adenosina associou-se a maiores graus de E% (55,0% vs 47,8%), p<0,05). A isquemia cintilográfica correlacionou-se a maior área porcentual de obstrução da luz pelo UIC (AO%). Os achados clínicos, do ECG e das imagens foram considerados em conjunto e expressos como respostas globais isquêmicas versus não-isquêmicas . A isquemia associou-se a menores valores do diâmetro mínimo da luz (DML) e da área mínima da luz (AML), obtidos à ACQ e ao UIC. CONCLUSÃO: A cintilografia do miocárdio com 99mTc-MIBI e adenosina correlaciona-se à AO% ao UIC, considerando-se as imagens de perfusão. Na avaliação dos resultados globais da prova observa-se associação com os diâmetros e as áreas da luz nos locais de obstrução, obtidos à ACQ e ao UIC.<br>OBJECTIVE: To correlate myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) with Tc-99m-MIBI and adenosine infusion using quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). METHODS: Seventy patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) referred for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) with MIBI and adenosine were studied. Clinical, electrocardiographic (ECG), and scintigraphic findings were correlated with variables of visual and quantitative angiographic analysis, as well as to those of IVUS. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 60.6 years, and 39 were male. Coronary angiography showed percentage of diameter stenosis (% DS) of 49.94% in 105 arteries, 83 of which were re-evaluated by QCA (79%), mean of 44.20%, p<0.05. ST-segment depression during adenosine infusion was associated with higher degrees of % DS (55.0% vs. 47.8%), p<0.05). Scintigraphic ischemia was correlated with greater cross-sectional area of lumen obstruction by IVUS (% CSA). Clinical, ECG, and IVUS findings were considered together and expressed as global ischemic versus non-ischemic responses. Ischemia was associated with lower values of minimal lumen diameter (MLD) and minimal lumen area (MLA) determined by QCA and IVUS. CONCLUSION: Tc-99m-MIBI and adenosine myocardial SPECT is correlated with % CSA on IVUS, perfusion images considered. Global results assessment showed association between lumen diameter and area at obstructed sites as determined by QCA and IVUS

Analysis of the Sensitivity and Specificity of Noninvasive Imaging Tests for the Diagnosis of Renal Artery Stenosis

FUNDAMENTO: O envelhecimento e a aterosclerose estão relacionados à hipertensão renovascular em indivíduos idosos. Independentemente das comorbidades, a estenose de artéria renal é, por si só, importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade cardiovascular. OBJETIVO: Definir a sensibilidade, a especificidade, o valor preditivo positivo e o valor preditivo negativo dos exames não invasivos utilizados no diagnóstico de estenose da artéria renal. MÉTODOS: Um grupo de 61 pacientes recrutados permitiram a análise de 122 artérias e a definição de sensibilidade, especificidade e da contribuição relativa de cada exame realizado (Doppler, cintilografia e angiotomografia, comparados a arteriografia renal). RESULTADOS: A média das idades foi de 65,43 (desvio padrão: 8,7) anos. Das variáveis relacionadas à população do estudo e comparadas à arteriografia, duas estiveram correlacionadas à estenose da artéria renal, à disfunção renal e aos triglicerídeos. A mediana do ritmo de filtração glomerular foi de 52,8 mL/min/m². O Doppler identificou sensibilidade de 82,90%, especificidade de 70%, valor preditivo positivo de 85% e valor preditivo negativo de 66,70%. Para a tomografia, encontraram-se sensibilidade de 66,70%, especificidade de 80%, valor preditivo positivo de 87,50% e valor preditivo negativo de 55,20%. Esses achados permitiram identificar os exames que melhor detectavam a estenose. CONCLUSÃO: A tomografia e o Doppler mostraram qualidade e grande possibilidade no diagnóstico de estenose da artéria renal, com vantagem para o segundo, pois não há necessidade do uso de meio de contraste na avaliação de uma doença que, frequentemente, ocorre em diabéticos e associa-se à disfunção renal e à disfunção ventricular esquerda grave

Health Status and Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults With Chronic Coronary Disease: The ISCHEMIA Trial.

BACKGROUND Whether initial invasive management in older vs younger adults with chronic coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia improves health status or clinical outcomes is unknown. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to examine the impact of age on health status and clinical outcomes with invasive vs conservative management in the ISCHEMIA (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches) trial. METHODS One-year angina-specific health status was assessed with the 7-item Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) (score range 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status). Cox proportional hazards models estimated the treatment effect of invasive vs conservative management as a function of age on the composite clinical outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for resuscitated cardiac arrest, unstable angina, or heart failure. RESULTS Among 4,617 participants, 2,239 (48.5%) were aged <65 years, 1,713 (37.1%) were aged 65 to 74 years, and 665 (14.4%) were aged ≥75 years. Baseline SAQ summary scores were lower in participants aged <65 years. Fully adjusted differences in 1-year SAQ summary scores (invasive minus conservative) were 4.90 (95% CI: 3.56-6.24) at age 55 years, 3.48 (95% CI: 2.40-4.57) at age 65 years, and 2.13 (95% CI: 0.75-3.51) at age 75 years (Pinteraction = 0.008). Improvement in SAQ Angina Frequency was less dependent on age (Pinteraction = 0.08). There were no age differences between invasive vs conservative management on the composite clinical outcome (Pinteraction = 0.29). CONCLUSIONS Older patients with chronic coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia had consistent improvement in angina frequency but less improvement in angina-related health status with invasive management compared with younger patients. Invasive management was not associated with improved clinical outcomes in older or younger patients. (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches [ISCHEMIA]; NCT01471522)