Relato de Atividade: “Faço Parte Dessa História”

The present work consists in the report of an activity carried out with students in their first semester of the Nutrition course of the Universidade de São Paulo in 2014. This activity had as the proposal the construction of a timeline by students in the classroom about the history of the profession of nutritionist in Brazil. The aim of this report is to critically analyze the use of active teaching methodologies in higher education in order to transform the student from passive to active member in the classroom dynamics. The activity obtained good results by the view of the students who reported better use and dedication to the content with the dynamics used.O presente trabalho consiste no relato de uma atividade realizada com alunos do primeiro semestre do curso de Nutrição da Universidade de São Paulo em 2014. Tal atividade teve como proposta a construção pelos alunos, em sala de aula, de uma linha do tempo sobre a história da profissão do nutricionista no Brasil. O objetivo do relato é analisar criticamente o uso de metodologias ativas no ensino superior visando à transformação do aluno de membro passivo em membro ativo na dinâmica da sala de aula. A atividade realizada obteve bons resultados, segundo a visão dos alunos, que relataram ter havido melhor aproveitamento e dedicação ao conteúdo com a dinâmica utilizada

A systematic risk assessment and meta-analysis on the use of oral β-alanine supplementation.

β-Alanine supplementation is one of the world's most commonly used sports supplements, and its use as a nutritional strategy in other populations is ever-increasing, due to evidence of pleiotropic ergogenic and therapeutic benefits. Despite its widespread use, there is only limited understanding of potential adverse effects. To address this, a systematic risk assessment and meta-analysis was undertaken. Four databases were searched using keywords and Medical Subject Headings. All human and animal studies that investigated an isolated, oral, β-alanine supplementation strategy were included. Data were extracted according to 5 main outcomes, including 1) side effects reported during longitudinal trials, 2) side effects reported during acute trials, 3) effect of supplementation on circulating health-related biomarkers, 4) effect of supplementation on skeletal muscle taurine and histidine concentration, and 5) outcomes from animal trials. Quality of evidence for outcomes was ascertained using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework, and all quantitative data were meta-analyzed using multilevel models grounded in Bayesian principles. In total, 101 human and 50 animal studies were included. Paraesthesia was the only reported side effect and had an estimated OR of 8.9 [95% credible interval (CrI): 2.2, 32.6] with supplementation relative to placebo. Participants in active treatment groups experienced similar dropout rates to those receiving the placebo treatment. β-Alanine supplementation caused a small increase in circulating alanine aminotransferase concentration (effect size, ES: 0.274, CrI: 0.04, 0.527), although mean data remained well within clinical reference ranges. Meta-analysis of human data showed no main effect of β-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle taurine (ES: 0.156; 95% CrI: −0.38, 0.72) or histidine (ES: −0.15; 95% CrI: −0.64, 0.33) concentration. A main effect of β-alanine supplementation on taurine concentration was reported for murine models, but only when the daily dose was ≥3% β-alanine in drinking water. The results of this review indicate that β-alanine supplementation within the doses used in the available research designs, does not adversely affect those consuming it

No associations between physical activity and immunogenicity in SARS-CoV-2 seropositive patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases prior to and after vaccination.

To investigate the association between physical activity and immunogenicity among SARS-CoV-2 seropositive patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases prior to and following a 2-dose schedule of CoronaVac (Sinovac inactivated vaccine). This was a prospective cohort study within an open-label, single-arm, phase 4 vaccination trial conducted in Sao Paulo, Brazil. In this substudy, only SARS-CoV-2 seropositive patients were included. Immunogenicity was assessed by seroconversion rates of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 immunoglobulin G (IgG), geometric mean titers of anti-S1/S2 IgG, frequency of positive neutralizing antibodies, and neutralizing activity before and after vaccination. Physical activity was assessed through a questionnaire. Model-based analyses were performed controlling for age (30 kg/m2), and use of prednisone, immunosuppressants, and biologics. A total of 180 seropositive autoimmune rheumatic disease patients were included. There was no association between physical activity and immunogenicity before and after vaccination. This study suggests that the positive association between physical activity and greater antibody responses seen in immunocompromised individuals following vaccination is overridden by previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and does not extend to natural immunity

Dietary β-alanine intake assessed by food records does not associate with muscle carnosine content in healthy, active, omnivorous men and women.

β-alanine (BA) is one of the most widely used sport supplements, due to its capacity to improve high intensity exercise performance by increasing muscle carnosine (MCarn) content, and consequently, the buffering capacity of the muscle. BA is also available in a variety of animal foods, but little is currently known about the influence of dietary BA intake on MCarn. The aim of the current study was to compile a detailed summary of available data on the BA content of commonly consumed foods, and to explore whether associations could be detected between self-reported dietary BA intake and skeletal MCarn in a group of 60 healthy, active, omnivorous men and women. Dietary BA intake was assessed via 3-day food records and MCarn content assessed by high performance liquid chromatography. A series of univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to explore associations between estimated dietary BA and MCarn. No evidence of associations between dietary BA intake and MCarn were identified, with effect sizes close to zero calculated from models accounting for key demographic variables (f2 ≤ 0.02 for all analyses). These findings suggest that capacity to increase MCarn via dietary strategies may be limited, and that supplementation may be required to induce increases of the magnitude required to improve performance

Ultra-processed food consumption associates with higher cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis

To investigate the association between food consumption stratified by processing level and cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis. In this cross-sectional study, 56 patients (age: 62.5 +/- 7.9 years, BMI: 28.4 +/- 5.1 kg/m(2)) had food consumption evaluated according to the processing level (e.g., unprocessed or minimally processed foods, processed foods, and ultra-processed foods) and associated with cardiovascular risk factors. The most prevalent food processing level was unprocessed or minimally processed foods (42.6 +/- 12.6% of total energy intake [TEI]), followed by processed (24.2 +/- 11.9%TEI), ultra-processed (18.1 +/- 11.8%TEI), and culinary ingredients (15.1 +/- 6.4%TEI). Adjusted regression models showed that higher consumption of ultra-processed foods was positively associated with Framingham risk score (beta = 0.06, CI: 95% 0.001, 0.11, p = 0.045) and glycated hemoglobin (beta = 0.04, CI: 95% 0.01, 0.08, p = 0.021). In contrast, higher consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed foods was associated with lower 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (beta = -0.05, CI: 95% - 0.09, -0.003, p = 0.021) and LDL (beta = -1.09, CI: 95% - 1.94, -0.24, p = 0.013). Patients with rheumatoid arthritis consuming more ultra-processed foods showed worse metabolic profile, whereas those consuming more unprocessed or minimally processed foods had lower cardiovascular risks. A food pattern characterized by a high ultra-processed food consumption appears to emerge as a novel, modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in rheumatoid arthritisCNPQ - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa Do Estado De São Paulo301571/2017-1; 309514/2018-52017/17837-1; 2016/23319-0; 2017/13552-2; 2015/26937-