Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth Review and Treatment Recommendations

Coronal restorations and posts can positively influence the long-term prognosis of teeth following root canal therapy. Final sealing the canal by placing an appropriate post and core will minimize leakage of oral fluids and bacteria into the periradicular area and is recommended as soon as possible after completion of root canal filling. Glass ionomer or MTA placed over the residual root canal filling after post space preparation may be effective to prevent bacterial leakage. A ferrule of 1-2 mm of tooth tissue coronal to the finish line of the crown significantly improves the fracture resistance of the tooth and is more important than the type of the material the core and post are made of

In vitro analysis of the cytotoxicity and the antimicrobial effect of four endodontic sealers

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>The aim of this study was to investigate <it>in vitro </it>the cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties of four different endodontic sealers using human periodontal ligament fibroblast cell proliferation and visual analysis of growth inhibition.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A silicone (GuttaFlow), silicate (EndoSequence BC), zinc oxide eugenol (Pulp Canal Sealer EWT) and epoxy resin (AH Plus Jet) based sealer were incubated with PDL fibroblasts (10⁴cells/ml, n = 6) up to 96 h. Cell proliferation (RFU) was determined by means of the Alamar Blue assay. Cell growth and morphology was visualized by means of fluorescent dyes. Possible antibacterial properties of the different sealers were visualized by means of SEM (<it>Enterococcus faecalis; Parvimonas micra</it>).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Fibroblast proliferation depended on sealer and cultivation time. After 72 and 96 h GuttaFlow and EndoSequence BC showed relatively non-cytotoxic reactions, while Pulp Canal Sealer EWT and AH Plus Jet caused a significant decrease of cell proliferation (p < 0.001). Visualization of cell growth and morphology with various fluorescent dyes supplemented the results. No antibacterial effect of EndoSequence BC to <it>P. micra </it>was found, whereas GuttaFlow showed a weak, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT and AH Plus Jet extensive growth inhibition. Also, no antibacterial effect of GuttaFlow, EndoSequence BC or AH Plus Jet to <it>E. faecalis </it>could be detected.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These <it>in vitro </it>findings reveal that GuttaFlow and EndoSequence BC can be considered as biocompatible sealing materials. However, prior to their clinical employment, studies regarding their sealing properties also need to be considered.</p

Elastic and inelastic processes in the scattering of positive ions of H and He from LiF

A theoretical calculation that allows for a fairly complete description of the charge-exchange and surface electronic excitation processes occurring in the H+ and He+ scattering by ionic surfaces is presented. The interaction parameters required to describe the collisional process are calculated by using a model Hamiltonian that has proved to provide a systematic good description of the properties like binding energy, equilibrium distance, and vibrational frequency of several dimers and atom-surface systems. The formalism is applied to the comparative study of the scattering of H+ and He+ by the fluorine atom of a LiF surface. The ion survival probabilities by elastic and inelastic processes are calculated, and the general trends of the experimental findings are reproduced. Very satisfactory results concerning the electron-hole pair excitations in the He+ scattering are obtained when the charge fluctuation on the active F site is considered. The role of the surface core states is found to be decisive for the e−h pair excitation by He+ scattering, and for the neutralization of H+ projectiles.Fil: Torralba, M.C.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Slutzky, Claudia Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: García, Evelina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Goldberg, Edith Catalina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; Argentin

The effect of Morinda Citrifolia juice as an endodontic irrigant on smear layer and microhardness of root canal dentin

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Morinda Citrifolia Juice (MCJ) on smear layer removal and microhardness value of root canal dentin in compared with various endodontic irrigants.Material and methodsEighty-four single-rooted human teeth were prepared to apical size of #35. Since decoronation, samples were divided into seven groups of 12 in each (n=12). Specimens were finally irrigated by either 1: 2.5% NaOCl, 2: 6% MCJ, followed by a final flush of 17% ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 3: 6% MCJ, 4: 2.5% NaOCl then17% EDTA, 5: MTAD, 6: 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), and 7: saline. After irrigation, all samples were subjected to Vickers microhardness test at 100 and 500-μm depths and then were examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ImageJ program was used to calculate open dentinal tubules. One way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests were used to reveal any significant differences among and between groups respectively.ResultsThe microhardness values at 100μm and 500μm for MTAD were significantly lower than for NaOCl+EDTA and MCJ+EDTA groups (p<0.05). MCJ+EDTA, NaOCl+EDTA, and MTAD protocol significantly removed smear layer in compared with control group (p<0.05), with no significant differences among these three groups.ConclusionsIt was concluded that 6% MCJ followed by a final flush of 17% EDTA can be regarded as an effective solution on smear layer removal without any adverse influence on microhardness property of root canal dentin