Host Cellular Response to Multiple Stressors Using a Chicken in vitro Model

Heat stress (HS) is a major environmental stressor to chickens because chickens lack sufficient physical ability to mitigate heat. One of the potential results of heat stress is the “leaky gut syndrome”, which allows gut bacteria to escape into the host and release toxins including lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To model the chicken immune response to bacteria toxins under heat stress, a chicken macrophage-like cell line, HD11, was subjected to HS, LPS, or HS + LPS treatments. Expression of a gene panel of heat shock proteins, stress-related molecules, signaling molecules, and immune response molecules were measured and analyzed at 4 time points across the 3 conditions. As expected, heat shock proteins and immune response molecules increased in expression during HS and LPS challenge, respectively. Treatment of HS + LPS increased the expression of these responsive genes even more than either treatment alone. This suggests that heat stress proteins not only mitigate heat stress, but also trigger a higher level of immune response in chickens

Unique Genetic Differences in Responses of Chicken Immune Cells to an Inflammatory Stimulus and Heat Stress

Bone marrow antigen presenting cells (BM-APC), from Fayoumis (disease resistant and heat tolerant) and Leghorn (disease susceptible) chicken lines were evaluated for response to an inflammatory stimulus and heat stress. BM-APC from Fayoumis produced more nitric oxide (NO) and had higher Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II cell surface expression compared to those from Leghorn, indicating that BM-APC studied in vitro may be a useful tool to evaluate molecular effects of disease and/or heat tolerance in chickens

An Interactive Viewer for Mathematical Content Based On Type Theory

Contains fulltext : 175979.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)24 p

Nonlinear magnetotransport in MoTe2{}_2

The shape of the Fermi surface influences many physical phenomena in materials and a growing interest in how the spin-dependent properties are related to the fermiology of crystals has surged. Recently, a novel current-dependent nonlinear magnetoresistance effect, known as bilinear magnetoelectric resistance (BMR), has been shown to be not only sensitive to the spin-texture in spin-polarized non-magnetic materials, but also dependent on the convexity of the Fermi surface in topological semimetals. In this paper, we show that the temperature dependence of the BMR signal strongly depends on the crystal axis of the semimetallic MoTe${}_2$. For the a-axis, the amplitude of the signal remains fairly constant, while for the b-axis it reverses sign at about 100 K. We calculate the BMR efficiencies at 10 K to be $\chi^{J}_{A} = (100\pm3)$ nm${}^2$T${}^{-1}$A${}^{-1}$ and $\chi^{J}_{B} = (-364\pm13)$ nm${}^2$T${}^{-1}$A${}^{-1}$ for the a- and b-axis, respectively, and we find that they are comparable to the efficiencies measured for WTe${}_2$. We use density functional theory calculations to compute the Fermi surfaces of both phases at different energy levels and we observe a change in convexity of the outer-most electron pocket as a function of the Fermi energy. Our results suggest that the BMR signal is mostly dominated by the change in the Fermi surface convexity