Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil and Methanol Extract of Teucrium montanum

This study was designed to examine the chemical composition of essential oil and the in vitro antimicrobial activities of essential oil and methanol extract of Teucrium montanum. The inhibitory effects of essential oil and methanol extracts of T. montanum were tested against 13 bacterial and three fungal species by using disc-diffusion method. GC/MS analyses revealed that essential oil contains mainly δ-cadinene (17.19%), β-selinene (8.16%) α-calacorene (4.97%), 1,6-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-naphthalene (4.91%), caryophyllene (4.35%), copaene (4.23%), torreyol (3.91%), 4-terpineol (3.90%), cadina-1,4-diene (3.39%), β-sesquiphellandrene (3.34%), τ-cadinol (3.12%) and γ-curcumene (3.18%). The essential oil has antibacterial as well as antifungal effect

Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and flavonoid concentrations of different plant parts of Teucrium polium L. subsp. polium

Total phenolic content, concentration of flavonoids and in vitro antioxidant activity of twenty different extracts from the whole plant and plant parts (leaves, flowers and stems) of Teucrium polium were determined. The total phenolic contents ranged between 14.57 to 157.84 mg of GaA/g of extract. The concentrations of flavonoids varied from 6.48 to 139.87 mg of Ru/g of extract. Antioxidant activity was determined in vitro using DPPH reagent and expressed as concentration of each extract required to inhibit radical by 50% (IC50) values that ranged from 26.30 to 2190.75 µg/ml. The methanolic leaves extract contain the greatest concentration of phenolic compounds (157.84 mg of GaA/g) and showed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 26.30 µg/ml). Ginkgo and Green tea extracts were analyzed for comparison, and the results indicated that some extracts of T. polium were equal in activity with Ginkgo or Green tea and some appeared to have greater activity. The obtained results suggest strong antioxidant activity and large contribution of separate analysis for the maximum exploitation of active phenolic compounds from T. polium. Based on this information, plant parts of this plant are natural sources of antioxidant substances of high importance

Genotoxic potential of Cotinus coggygria Scop. (Anacardiaceae) stem extract in vivo

The intention was to evaluate the possible in vivo genotoxic potential in different cell-types, of a methanol extract obtained from the plant stem of Cotinus coggygria Scop., using the sex-linked recessive lethal (or SLRL) test and alkaline comet assay. The SLRL test, revealed the genotoxic effect of this extract in postmeiotic and premeiotic germ-cell lines. The comet assay was carried out on rat liver and bone marrow at 24 and 72 h after intraperitoneal administration. For genotoxic evaluation, three concentrations of the extract were tested, viz., 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw), based on the solubility limit of the extract in saline. Comet tail moment and total scores in the group treated with 500 mg/kg bw, 24 and 72 h after treatment, were not significantly different from the control group, whereas in the groups of animals, under the same conditions, but with 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw of the extract, scores were statistically so. A slight decrease in the comet score and tail moment observed in all the doses in the 72 h treatment, gave to understand that DNA damage induced by Cotinus coggygria extract decreased with time. The results of both tests revealed the genotoxic effect of Cotinus coggygria under our experimental conditions

In vitro synergistic antibacterial activity of Salvia officinalis L. and some preservatives

The aim of this work was to investigate the antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts of the species Salvia officinalis L. and its synergistic action with the preservatives sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate in vitro against selected food spoiling bacteria. Synergism was assessed by the checkerboard assay method and quantitatively represented by the FIC index. Synergistic action was established for aqueous extract/sodium benzoate, aqueous extract/potassium sorbate, aqueous extract/sodium nitrite combinations. Synergism was detected in relation to: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Proteus sp. Synergism was established at plant extract and preservative concentrations corresponding up to 1/8 MIC values

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Centaurea pannonica and C. jacea

The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from Centaurea pannonica (Heufel) Simonkai and C. jacea L. (Asteraceae), were investigated. The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Forty five and twenty nine compounds were identified in the two oils, respectively. C. pannonica oil was rich in fatty acids (43.7%), with 9-octadecanoic acid (34.0%) and (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (8.6%) as the major compounds. In contrast, the essential oil of C. jacea was dominated by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (43.2%), among which caryophyllene oxide (23.5%) and spathulenol (8.9%) were the major constituents. However, the oil was also characterized by an important fatty acid fraction (15.5%), with 9-octadecanoic acid (8.9%) and hexadecanoic acid (6.6%) being the main components. The antimicrobial activities of the essential oils were evaluated by the microdilution method against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria, and one yeast. Both oils exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, especially against Gram-positive bacteria

Chemical composition and biological activity of the acetone extract of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. pollen

In this study, the chemical components, antimicrobial and genotoxic biological activities of the acetone extract of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. pollen were examined. Two lactones were identified: ambrosin and artesovin. The antimicrobial activity of the acetone extract of A. artemisiifolia L. pollen was examined on ten different bacterial species using the disc diffusion method and the microdilution method in Mueller-Hinton broth dilution. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the acetone extract of A. artemisiifolia pollen varied between 1.25−6.50 mg mL-1. The genotoxic effect of the acetone extract of A. artemisiifolia pollen on a eukaryotic model system Drosophila melanogaster was investigated using the SLRL test

Synthesis of some 3-(thiazol-4-yl)-4-hydroxycoumarins

In this work, an easy and efficient procedure for the synthesis of eight 3-(thiazol-4-yl)-4-hydroxychromen-2-one derivatives is presented. 3-Acetyl-4-hydroxychromen-2-one (1) was brominated with phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide to afford 3-(2-bromoacetyl)-4-hydroxychromen-2-one (2). Compound 2 reacts with thiourea, thioacetamide and ammonium dithiocarbamate to afford 3-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-4-hydroxychromen-2-one (3), 4-hydroxy-3-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)chromen-2-one (4a) and 4-hydroxy-3-(2-mercaptothiazol-4-yl)chromen-2-one (5), respectively. In a similar manner, compound 2 was treated with four mono-N-substituted thioureas and thiobenzamide to give the corresponding 3-(thiazol-4-yl)-4-hydroxychromen-2-one derivatives

The influence of detergent and its components on metabolism of Fusarium oxysporum in submerged fermentation

© 2014, Association of Chemists and Chemical Engineers of Serbia. All rights reserved. The influence of detergent and its components (sodium tripolyphosphate and ethoxylated cetyloleyl alcohol) at 0.1% concentration on the enzymatic and metabolic activity of Fusarium oxysporum during exponential growth was investigated in this paper. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum was isolated from wastewater originating from households which contain detergent. The following biochemical parameters were analyzed: pH, redox potential, proteolytic activity, production of carbohydrates, free and total organic acids, proteins and total dry weight biomass. The detergent had influence on the significant decrease of redox potential, slight increase of pH and quantity of glucose and total organic acids, while the proteolytic activity was triple insensitive in relation to control. The sodium tripolyphosphate had influence on the slight decrease of pH, significant increase of redox potential and quantity of glucose and free and total organic acids, whereas the proteolytic activity was intensive only 5th and 6th day. The total dry weight biomass of the fungus F. oxysporum was slightly inhibited by ethoxylated alcohol, but significantly inhibited by detergent and sodium tripolyphosphate