Importance of Beef in the Diet and Production in the Republic of Serbia

The main socio-economic goals of the development of meat production (beef and veal) and meat products are the satisfaction of the nutritional needs of the population, provision of raw materials for the food industry, the creation of necessary commodity food reserves and the necessity of exporting meat and meat products. Beef meat (beef and veal) is considered to be the best quality meat with the most suitable nutritional properties; therefore the price of this type of meat is generally higher than the prices of other types of meat. Meat is a high-quality food that is essential in the human diet, and which contains the most important nutrients: protein 12-25%, fat 1-20%, carbohydrates about 1%, as well as minerals (especially calcium and iron), and vitamins (riboflavin, thiamine, niacin). The importance of meat in the diet is supported by the statement that about half of the fatty acids in meat are unsaturated. Among them there are fatty acids with “long” chains, which are important in the diet of the elderly, because they are unable to synthesize them from fatty acids with “shorter” chains. The paper also provides an analysis of the production and consumption of beef (beef and veal) for the observed period from 2012 to 2021 in the Republic of Serbia, during which period there is a certain cyclicality in production and consumption. The production of beef in the Republic of Serbia in the observed time period reached its highest physical volume in 2012. (82,000 t) after which it decreases until 2017 and 2019 (71,000 t) and in the following year there will be a slight increase to 75,000 t., at which level it has remained and there is no hint of stabilization or increase in beef production in the Republic of Serbia

Komparativna analiza broja ovaca u BJR i nekim evropskim državama

Sheep farming in Serbia, from year to year, notices a descending course in number of sheep, as well as in production of milk and meat. The main objective of this paper is the analysis of the number of sheep in Serbia and the surrounding countries (FYR). By comparing the current state of the total number of sheep (in 2011) with the state in the former Yugoslavia, the result shown is that there are 66% less sheep in Serbia compared to the total number seen in 1967 (base year). Compared to the last census from 2012, there is an increased number of sheep in Serbia, compared to previous year (2011) by 18.4%. Other former Yugoslav republics (FYR) also have a decrease in the total number of sheep: in Bosnia and Herzegovina by 76.5%, in Montenegro by 64.3%, in Croatia by 41.3%, in Macedonia by 63.5% compared to 1967 (base year), except for Slovenia, which has an increase in the total number of sheep by 83,000 head of cattle. In paper is given overview of the number of sheep for some European countries and for some part of world, in purpose of comparison with sheep state in FYR.U Srbiji ovčarstvo iz godine u godinu beleži silazni tok kako po broju ovaca, tako i po proizvodnji mleka i mesa. Glavni cilj ovog rada je analiza broja ovaca u Srbiji i u zemljama u okruženju (BJR). Upoređujući trenutno stanje ukupnog broja ovaca (2011) sa stanjem u nekadašnjoj Jugoslaviji dolazimo do rezultata koji ukazuju da je u Srbiji za 66% manje ovaca od ukupnog broja u odnosu na 1967. godinu (bazna godina). Poređenjem sa poslednjim popisu iz 2012. godine u Srbiji je povećan broj ovaca u odnosu na prethodnu godinu (2011) za 18.4%. Kod ostalih bivših jugoslovenskih republika takođe imamo smanjenje ukupnog broja ovaca: u BiH za 76.5%, u Crnoj Gori za 64.3%, Hrvatskoj za 41.3%, Makedoniji za 63.5% u odnosu na 1967. godinu (bazna godina), izuzev Slovenije koja ima povećanje ukupnog broja ovaca za 83 hiljade grla. U radu je dat pregled broja ovaca za neke Evropske države i za pojedine delove sveta, u cilju upoređivanja sa stanjem ovaca u BJR

Perspective for sustainable development of rural tourism in the municipality of Kladovo

Municipality of Kladovo is located in Eastern part of the Republic of Serbia. It has huge potential for development different types of tourism products and to offer them to the market. The attitude is based on reach natural and anthropogenic potential tourist attractions that municipality of Kladovo poses and that can be put in the function of development tourism. In municipality of Kladovo exist 21 villages which have respectable potentials for development rural tourism. In some of them rural tourism have been starting to developing. For the reason that rural tourism is in initial phase it is important to follow the rules that science prescribe. One of them is sustainable development. That is in coordination with concept of rural tourism that cannot exist if it is not in correlation with local ambience and local community. The aim of the article is to show huge potential that municipality of Kladovo possess for development rural tourism. Also, in the article it would be shown possible tourist strategy and policy that can bring success on the market

Production and techno-economic opportunities of use of whey in industrial processes

Whey represents the least utilized by-product in the Serbian food industry, although it is very nutritious and poorly used in nutrition. More than a half of nutrients present in milk are also present in whey, including proteins (around 20%), wherefore it is considered as the most valuable product in nutritive sense. The first part of the article covers the statistical results, which show the production of milk and whey (whey in different forms of sale (a product code)) that occurs during the production of cheese in Serbia (2014-2017) and they comprise the results of a realized production, supplies at the end of the year and the quantity of sales. In the second part of the article the authors compared the obtained results, which were shown during the technological-economic profitability testing of the production plants: lactose and the whey protein concentrate, a functional drink based on whey and carrot during the production of cheese, as well as the whey protein bioactive hydrolyzes described in two scenarios, A and B, which have given a positive result in industrial production. There are numerous applicable techniques for the assessment of an economic profitability. The Super Pro Designer simulation software was used in this article for the results obtained. It is equipped with a wide spectrum of processes and is a powerful tool that can be used for the mathematical assessment of economic parameters

Analysis of profitability of integrated production protein concentrate, lactose powder whey

Whey is the main by-product of the dairy industry, which is formed during the enzymatic or acid treatment of milk, during the cheese production process. Due to its composition, whey is a good substrate for use in various biotechnological processes, which include the production of lactose, protein concentrates and hydrolysates, functional fermented beverages, enzymes, etc. Due to the numerous useful properties of whey, the aim is to establish new procedures in order to obtain products from it that would have daily application. In article according to performed research, proposes the possibility of applying the „SuperPro Designer software package“ for modeling and analysis of technical and economic variability, including risk analysis and analysis of the impact of pollution reduction through the whey processing unit with integrated production of concentrated protein (WPC 80) and lactose powder (LAC 80). Based on the results of the economic assessment of the factories for the production of WPC 80 protein concentrate and whey lactose LAC 80 and the internal rate of return (IRR) after deducting all costs, it was determined that the production is economically justified and can be accepted

Mogućnosti za proizvodnju biomase na livadama i pašnjacima kao faktor unapređenja ovčarske proizvodnje u Srbiji

Proizvodnja kvalitetne sveže stočne hrane predstavlja važnu komponentu u stočarskoj proizvodnji. Kao takva je od strateškog značaja za stvaranje stabilnosti i oporavak stočarstva, naročito u planiniskim područjima Republike Srbije. Na teritoriji naše zemlje učešće livada i pašnjaka u strukturi zasejanih površina je zadovoljavajuće, dok je proizvodnja krmnog bilja zastupljena sa 9,1% površina. Shodno tome, mogućnosti za ishranu ovaca je pozitivan, čime se može smanjiti upotreba koncentrovanih hraniva i poboljšati kvalitet krajnjih proizvoda (mleka, mesa i vune). Radom je istaknuta geografska zastupljenost ovčarske proizvodnje po Regionima i njihovog udela u ukupnoj proizvodnji, kao i procentualna podela proizvodnje na prirodnim livadama i pašnjacima, čime se jasno stavlja na uvid stručne i naučne javnosti trenutno stanje, a daju i preporuke za buduće jačanje ovčarske proizvodnje u Republici Srbiji

Voluminozna (kabasta) stočna hrana kao faktor ekonomskog unapređenja ovčarske proizvodnje u Srbiji

Forage crops linking the plant and livestock production; under conditions where intensive livestock farming, production is based on the use of land, water and solar energy, and with respect for the principles of safe food and protecting the environment. The objective of this paper is to show the possibility of utilization of meadows and pastures, as well as the cheapest basic nutrients in animal feed production. To ensure a stable and economical production of milk, meat, wool, and of progeny in sheep production, great attention should be paid to the production of high-quality forage and concentrates. In Serbia of the total agricultural area of 5.051 thousand ga, meadows occupying 12,4% and pastures occupies 16,6%. Their total percentage paicupation is 19%, from which is obtained 2,1 t ha-1green mass or 0,8% of hay. Forage crops cultivated to 9,1% of total agricultural land used, while compared to the total sown area is 15%, for a total of meadows and pasture was 38,1% of that is used in livestock feed for cattle. This paper presents a comparative analysis of meadows and pastures in Serbia with the surface of the former Yugoslav republics, as well as the percentage of meadows and pastures in the total agricultural land in 2011 in Serbia and the former Yugoslav republics. Sheep production is primarily regionally distributed in the mountainous areas and regions where there is significant participation in grassland structure utilization of agricultural land.Proizvodnja krmnog bilja povezuje biljnu i stočarsku proizvodnju; gde se u uslovima intenzivnog stočarstva proizvodnja bazira na korišćenju zemljišta, vode i sunčeve energije, uz poštovanje principa proizvodnje zdravstveno bezbedne hrane i očuvanja životne sredine. Cilj ovog rada je ukazivanje mogućnost iskorišćavanja livada i pašnjaka, kao osnovnih najjeftinijih hraniva u proizvodnji stočne hrane. Da bi se obezbedila stabilna i ekonomična proizvodnja mleka, mesa, vune, kao i priplodnog podmlatka u ovčarskoj proizvodnji, veliku pažnju treba posvetiti proizvodnji kvalitetnih kabastih hraniva i koncentrata. U Srbiji od ukupne korišćene poljoprivredne površine od 5.051 hilj. hektara, livade zauzimaju 12,4%, a pašnjaci 16,6%. Njihovo ukupno procentualno učešće iznosi 29,0%, sa kojih se dobija oko 2,1 t/ha zelene mase, odnosno 0,8 t/ha sena. Krmno bilje se uzgaja na 9,1% od ukupno korišćene poljoprivredne površine, dok u odnosu na ukupno zasejane površine iznosi 15,0%,što ukupno sa livadama i pašnjacima iznosi 38,1% površine koja se koristi u stočarstvu za ishranu stoke. U radu je prikazana i komparativna analiza površine livada i pašnjaka u Srbiji sa površinama bivših Jugoslovenskih Republika, kao i procentualno učešće livada i pašnjaka u ukupnom poljoprivrednom zemljištu u 2011. godini u Srbiji i bivšim Jugoslovenskim Republikama. Ovčarstvo je pretežno regionalno raspoređeno u brdsko-planinskim područjima i regionima gde je značajnije učešće pašnjaka u strukturi iskorišćavanja poljoprivrednog zemljišta

Comparative Analysis of the Number of Sheep in FYR and Some European Countries

Sheep farming in Serbia, from year to year, notices a descending course in number of sheep, as well as in production of milk and meat. The main objective of this paper is the analysis of the number of sheep in Serbia and the surrounding countries (FYR). By comparing the current state of the total number of sheep (in 2011) with the state in the former Yugoslavia, the result shown is that there are 66% less sheep in Serbia compared to the total number seen in 1967 (base year). Compared to the last census from 2012, there is an increased number of sheep in Serbia, compared to previous year (2011) by 18.4%. Other former Yugoslav republics (FYR) also have a decrease in the total number of sheep: in Bosnia and Herzegovina by 76.5%, in Montenegro by 64.3%, in Croatia by 41.3%, in Macedonia by 63.5% compared to 1967 (base year), except for Slovenia, which has an increase in the total number of sheep by 83,000 head of cattle. In paper is given overview of the number of sheep for some Europea

ZEMLJIŠTE KAO EKOLOŠKI FAKTOR POLJOPRIVREDNE PROIZVODNJE

Zemljište je jedan od ključnih ograničavajućih faktora biljne proizvodnje zbog istovremenog delovanja dva procesa i to povećanja potreba za hranom, sa jedne strane i smanjenja površina poljoprivrednog zemljišta sa druge strane. Proizvodni kapacitet zemljišta umanjuju procesi neprestanog smanjenja i oštećenja poljoprivrednih površina. Shodno tome, u radu su navedeni tipovi zemljišta u Republici Srbiji, bonitetne klase, struktura korišćenja zemljišta, uzroci degradacije, poplavljene površine i površine branjene od poplava, glavni štetni procesi koji se odigravaju u poljoprivrednom zemljištu, glavni zagađivači zemljišta i na kraju osnovne mere za zaštitu kao i strateški ciljevi održivog korišćenja zemljišta

Proizvodnja krmnog bilja na području Gornjeg Podunavlja i Karpatske oblasti - stanje i mogućnosti

In this paper work is presented current state of forage crop production on administrative territory of Upper Danube region, which for the purpose of research includes the areas of following territories: Sombor, Apatin, Bač and Bačka Palanka; aslo in the administrative region of Carpathian area, which for the purpose of research includes next territory’s: Golubac, Kučevo, Majdanpek, Kladovo i Negotin. For research are used data of Repblical Statistical Office, the five-year period 2007-2011. As a reference value study examined the following parameters: total agricultural area; agricultural area of meadows and pastures; forage crops production in observed fields (clover, alfalfa, meadows and pastures). The aim of this analysis is to present the current state of production of fodder, the importance of production for agroecosystems, as well as opportunities for future growth of production and of great importance, and also economic and sustainable development of local communities these areas.U radu je predstavljeno trenutno stanje proizvodnje krmnog bilja na administrativnom području Gornjeg Podunavlja, koji za potrebe istraživanja obuhvata teritorije sledećih opština: Sombor, Apatin, Bač i Bačka Palanka; kao i na administrativnom području Karpatske oblasti, koja za potrebe istraživanja obuhvata teritorije sledećih opština: Golubac, Kučevo, Majdanpek, Kladovo i Negotin. Za istraživanje su korišćeni podaci Republičkog zavoda za statistiku, za petogodišnji period 2007-2011 godina. Kao referentne vrednosti istraživanja ispitivani su sledeći parametri: ukupna poljoprivredna površina; poljoprivredna površina pod livadama i pašnjacima; proizvodnja krmnog bilja u posmatranim oblastima (detelina, lucerka, livade i pašnjaci). Cilj ovakve analize je predstavljanje trenutnog stanja proizvodnje krmnog bilja, značaj proizvodnje za agroekosistem, kao i mogućnosti za buduće povećanje obima proizvodnje i sam privredni zanačaj i održivi razvoj lokalnih zajednica pomenutih oblasti