Bioinstrumentation activities in four locales

Laboratory applications of bioinstrumentatio

Relationships between surface and column aerosol radiative properties and air mass transport at a rural New England site

Chemical, physical, and radiative properties of surface and vertical column aerosols were measured at a rural site in southern New Hampshire from July 2000 to September 2001. The primary objective was to determine how intensive and extensive aerosol properties vary in air masses originating in different upwind regions. The data set also allows for an investigation of some of the relationships between surface and column aerosol properties at the site, and provides an estimate of direct radiative forcing by aerosols during the study period. Extensive properties (e.g., optical depth and chemical concentration) were at maximum values during times of south-southwest (S-SW) transport, while minimum values were seen during north-northeast (N-NE) transport. Certain intensive properties such as fine particle mass scattering efficiency did not vary significantly between times of transport from different source regions. Mean optical depth (wavelength = 500 nm) was 0.24 during S-SW transport, compared to 0.10 during N-NE transport. The study period average scattering efficiency for (NH4)2SO4 was 6.54 ± 0.26 m2 g−1 (± standard error) and 3.36 ± 0.49 m2 g−1 for organic carbon, while the absorption efficiency of elemental carbon was 12.85 ± 0.80 m2 g−1. Top of the atmosphere aerosol direct radiative forcing was −0.35 ± 0.83 Wm−2 (±1 standard deviation) in winter 2000–2001 and −9.06 ± 3.77 Wm−2 in summer 2001, differences that can be primarily attributed to seasonal changes in surface reflectance (high in winter, low in summer) and the relatively low values of single scatter albedo observed in winter. The annual average direct radiative forcing was −5.14 ± 4.32 Wm−2. We generally observed a moderate correlation between surface and column aerosol light extinction, suggesting that vertical column aerosol radiative properties measured by surface-based radiometers should be supplemented by boundary layer measurements of aerosol chemical, physical, and radiative properties to help understand the mechanisms contributing to global aerosol variability

Corrigenda to and validation of Ozophora woodruffi Slater 2005 (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)

Important missing specimen data are provided for the original description of Ozophora woodruffi Slater (2005: 245) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), along with additional comparative relationships. Because of the missing type information, according to ICZN rules (1999), the species became a nomen nudum. This paper now serves to validate the name, and authorship becomes Slater (2012)

Method of reducing temperature in high-speed photography

A continuing problem in high-speed motion picture photography is adequate lighting and the associated temperature rise. Large temperature rises can damage subject matter and make recording of the desired images impossible. The problem is more severe in macrophotography because of bellows extension and the necessary increase in light. This report covers one approach to reducing the initial temperature rise: the use of filters and heat-absorbing materials. The accompanying figures provide the starting point for selecting distance as a function of light intensity and determining the associated temperature rise. Using these figures will allow the photographer greater freedom in meeting different photographic situations

Stepping outside normative neoliberal discourse: youth and disability meet – the case of Jody McIntyre

In May 2010, amidst the ‘global financial crisis’ a Conservative/Liberal Democrat coalition government succeeded a 12-year reign of New Labour in the United Kingdom, and ushered in massive welfare cuts. Although New Labour tabled major welfare and disability benefit reform, they arguably did not activate the harshest of these. This paper focuses on the backlash of youth and disability in the form of demonstrations; two groups that are being hit hard by the political shift to work-first welfare in an era of employment scarcity. The case of young disabled activist Jody McIntyre is used to explore parallels and divergences in neoliberal and ‘populist’ discourses of ‘risky’, troubling’ youth and disability

Static Force and Moment Coefficients of a Propeller Stabilized and a Finned Torpedo Shape

Static force and moment coefficients were measured in the High Speed Water Tunnel on nonpowered models of a propeller-stabilized and controlled torpedo. The tests were made on three propeller configurations and four body-fin combinations. Representative tests were conducted over a range of tunnel velocities. Data are presented as functions of body angle of attack and propeller shaft deflection. A comparison is presented of the experimental data and the theoretical analysis of T. Lang of the Naval Ordnance Test Station, Pasadena

Outcrop Analog for Lower Paleozoic Hydrothermal Dolomite Reservoirs, Mohawk Valley, NY

Geochemical analysis and field relations of linear dolomite bodies occurring in outcrop in the Mohawk Valley of New York suggest that they have undergone significant fault-related hydrothermal alteration. The dolomite occurs in the Lower Ordovician Tribes Hill Formation, which is regionally an early Ordovician shaley limestone with patchy dolomitization. The outcrop has an en echelon fault, fracture, and fold pattern. A 3D ground penetrating radar survey of the quarry floor has helped to map out faults, fractures, anticlines, synclines and the extent of dolomitization. Most of the dolomitization occurs in fault-bounded synclines or “sags” flanked by anticlines. The dolomite structures are highly localized, occurring around faults and are absent away from the faults and fractures. Trenches cut across the outcrop help relate offset along faults to the overall geometry of the dolomitized bodies. Geochemical analysis, though helpful in characterizing the conditions of dolomitization, does not define its origin absolutely. This study uses fluid inclusions, stable isotopes, 3D-ground penetrating radar, core analysis, and surficial observation which all show a link between faulting, dolomitization, and other hydrothermal alteration. Although the outcrop is much too small and shallow to act as a producing gas field, it serves as a scaled analog for Trenton - Black River hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs of the eastern United States. It may therefore be studied to help petroleum geologists characterize existing gas plays and prospect future areas of exploration

Voices in the Wind: American Opposition to the Korean War

Very little has been written on the peace movement during the Korean war. Historian Joseph Conlin assessed the period and concluded that when hostilities with North Korean troops commenced in 1950, the American antiwar movement stood at its nadir. Lawrence Wittner\u27s fine book Rebels Against War is devoted to the American peace movement from 1941 to 1960. Yet out of this book\u27s 300- odd pages, less than three concern the movement during the Korean war- and most of this discussion is focused on those elements in the movement which supported the war. This is typical of the major secondary sources on the American peace movement. It is certainly true that the Korean war met with surprisingly little public resistance, especially initially. Republicans joined Democrats in applauding Truman\u27s decision to intervene. More surprisingly, a number of traditionally pacifist individuals, organizations and periodicals endorsed the war, including some that had not supported World War Two. Prominent in this category were Norman Thomas, the Socialist Party, Dwight MacDonald and the Progressive

The American Rule That Swallows the Exception

The “American” rule of employment at-will cripples the effectiveness of the two most important exceptions to that doctrine, the National Labor Relations Act and Title VII. Scholars often cite at-will as an area in which exceptions swallow the rule but ignore the opposite effect the rule has in undermining rights widely viewed as fundamental. This article goes beyond the standard critiques of the NLRA and Title VII and uses two other areas of law to make this case. The impact of at-will on private sector labor rights under the NLRA is shown by comparing public sector employment. Public sector labor law has all the flaws scholars have identified in the NLRA, yet public employees are organizing much more successfully. The crucial difference is that most public workers are not employees at-will. For employment discrimination, the article compares rules governing claims of discrimination in juror selection under the Supreme Court’s decision in Batson v. Kentucky. Batson rules are identical to Title VII rules, and have been so ineffective that scholars and a Supreme Court Justice have suggested that all juror strikes should be done for cause, the equivalent of requiring cause for discharge from employment. The article then balances the at-will rule against the exceptions it undermines. From the inception of the rule, there have been many attempts to create exceptions to it. Today, numerous, small, and often unclear inroads have been made. This makes the rule less useful to both sides, offering uncertainty to employers yet scant protection to employees. At the same time, the cost of at-will is the lack of effective labor and anti-discrimination regimes. Scholars and policy-makers should understand this cost when debating labor law, antidiscrimination law, and the future of the at-will doctrine