Estimated Inpatient Hospital Stay in Individual Wards: Guidelines on Radiation Safety after Radioiodine Therapy

Radionuclide therapy safety requirements are regulated by the Russian Radiation Safety Standards (RRSS), which state the maximum allowed radionuclide activity in the body and the equivalent dose rate (EDR) of gamma radiation. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the time of an inpatient hospital stay in specially designed radionuclide therapy wards. The article presents the findings of individual 131I biokinetics studies in 64 patients admitted to radioiodine therapy of thyrotoxicosis and differentiated thyroid cancer. We developed a method to calculate the time interval to reach the EDR of 20μSv/h and the recommended EDR of 3 and 0.3μSv/h for adults and children, respectively. It is based on the measurement of the 131I excretion constant. Keywords: Radioiodine therapy, Radiation safety, Guidelin

ЛЕЧЕНИЕ BRAFV600E-ПОЗИТИВНОГО АНАПЛАСТИЧЕСКОГО РАКА ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ. КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ

Anaplastic thyroid cancer is one of the most aggressive and fatal human carcinomas. A significant experience in using various kinase inhibitors for anaplastic thyroid cancer therapy has been accumulated worldwide. The most encouraging results were obtained after using a combination of b-Raf and MEK kinase inhibitors (vemurafenib/dabrafenib and trametinib/cobimetinib, respectively) for the treatment of the unresectable BRAFV600E-positive anaplastic thyroid cancer. This drug combination makes it possible to perform surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy and other targeted therapies. Here we report a clinical case of anaplastic thyroid cancer in a 69-year-old woman, who was treated with neoadjuvant targeted therapy. The treatment was carried out on the basis of three medical institutions: the National Medical Research Radiological Centre (Moscow), the N.I. Pirogov Clinic of Advanced Medical Technologies (St. Petersburg) and the Endocrinology Research Center (Moscow). Since there is still no universal protocol for treating ATC patients, and only palliative therapy is used in most cases, we emphasized on diagnostic and treatment errors of this disease. Special attention was paid to the importance of using molecular diagnostics and modern medical imaging technologies.Анапластический рак щитовидной железы (АРЩЖ) является одной из самых агрессивных и фатальных карцином человека. В мире накоплен опыт системной терапии анапластического рака щитовидной железы различными ингибиторами киназ. Наиболее обнадеживающие результаты получены при использовании комбинации b-Raf и MEK киназных ингибиторов (вемурафениб/дабрафениб и траметиниб/ кобиметиниб соответственно) для терапии нерезектабельного BRAFV600E-позитивного анапластического рака щитовидной железы. По данным литературы, при использовании этой комбинации в качестве неоадъювантной терапии для нерезектабельных опухолей становится возможным проведение дальнейшего хирургического лечения с последующей послеоперационной таргетной терапией и дистанционной лучевой терапией. В статье описан клинический случай АРЩЖ с применением неоадъювантной таргетной терапии. Лечение проводилось на базе трех медицинских учреждений: НМИЦ радиологии (г. Москва), Клиники высоких медицинских технологий им. Н.И. Пирогова (г. Санкт-Петербург) и НМИЦ эндокринологии (г. Москва). Акцент сделан на учете ошибок при диагностике и лечении данного диагно- за, так как до сих пор не существует универсального протокола его лечения, а в большинстве случаев возможно проведение только паллиативной терапии. Особое внимание уделено важности применения молекулярной диагностики и современных технологий медицинской визуализации.

TREATMENT OF <em>BRAF</em>^V600E POSITIVE ANAPLASTIC THYROID CARCINOMA: CASE REPORT

Anaplastic thyroid cancer is one of the most aggressive and fatal human carcinomas. A significant experience in using various kinase inhibitors for anaplastic thyroid cancer therapy has been accumulated worldwide. The most encouraging results were obtained after using a combination of b-Raf and MEK kinase inhibitors (vemurafenib/dabrafenib and trametinib/cobimetinib, respectively) for the treatment of the unresectable BRAFV600E-positive anaplastic thyroid cancer. This drug combination makes it possible to perform surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy and other targeted therapies. Here we report a clinical case of anaplastic thyroid cancer in a 69-year-old woman, who was treated with neoadjuvant targeted therapy. The treatment was carried out on the basis of three medical institutions: the National Medical Research Radiological Centre (Moscow), the N.I. Pirogov Clinic of Advanced Medical Technologies (St. Petersburg) and the Endocrinology Research Center (Moscow). Since there is still no universal protocol for treating ATC patients, and only palliative therapy is used in most cases, we emphasized on diagnostic and treatment errors of this disease. Special attention was paid to the importance of using molecular diagnostics and modern medical imaging technologies

Efficacy and tolerability of lenvatinib in patients with radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: results of a multicenter observational study in the Russian Federation

Background. The implementation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors into clinical practice improved treatment outcomes in patients with radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC). Lenvatinib is recommended as a first-line drug for these patients. The study objective is to analyze clinical experience with lenvatinib in patients with RR-DTC in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The data from 18 clinical sites in Russia was analyzed for the period December 2015 and September 2019. Seventyseven patients with histologically verified DTC, proven resistance to radioactive iodine therapy, and tumor progression (according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors 1.1 criteria) were included in the study. Results.Median progression-free survival in patients included into analysis (n = 72) was 26.1 months. In patients who responded to therapy (including those with partial and complete response), median progression-free survival reached 36.2 months, which is higher than that reported in the updated results of the SELECT study (33.1 months). Lenvatinib-associated adverse events (AEs) were observed in 87 % of patients. Severe AEs were registered in 18.2 % of participants. In 6.5 % of cases, AEs lead to lenvatinib cessation; in 74 % of cases, AEs required dose reduction.Conclusion. Our findings suggest high efficacy and good tolerability of lenvatinib in patients with RR-DTC in routine clinical practice in the Russian Federation