Hemijsko proređivanje cvetova i plodova breskve

The paper presents an overview of the most important aspects of the chemical crop load regulation in the peach. Importance of crop load optimizing, strategies for flowers and fruits thinning (inhibition of flower induction, killing of flower buds, prevention of fruit set and stimulation of fruitlet abscission), the time of applications, concentration, efficiency and adverse effects of the most often used chemicals are discussed.Rad prikazuje pregled najvažnijih aspekata hemijskog regulisanja prinosa kod breskve. Obrađeni su: značaj dovođenja prinosa na optimalan nivo, strategije koje se koriste za proređivanje cvetova i plodova (kočenje indukcije cvetova, ubijanje cvetnih pupoljaka, sprečavanje zametanja plodova i podsticanje otpadanja mladih plodova), vreme aplikacije, koncentracija, efikasnost i štetni efekti najčešće korišćenih hemijskih materija

Biologija cvetanja i oprašivanja oraha

Common walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a monoecious, herkogamous, anemophilous, heterodichogamous and autofertile plant. Study of the sexual cycle of the walnut is hindered by the presence of a relatively long juvenile period and high genetic diversity, so that many questions in the field of reproductive biology of the walnut still remained unresolved. This paper gives an overview of current knowledge regarding the sexual process of walnut, with the focus on the morphology of staminate and pistillate flowers, the dynamics of their opening, as well as ecological and physiological aspects of dichogamy, pollen transfer, stigmas receptivity, pollen germination, pollen tube growth in the pistil, singamia, apomixis and pistillate flower abortion.Obični orah (Juglans regia L.) je monoecijska, herkogama, anemofilna, heterodihogama i autofertilna biljka. Proučavanje polnog ciklusa oraha otežano je usled prisustva relativno dugog juvenilnog perioda i velike genetske raznolikosti, pa su mnoga pitanja iz oblasti reproduktivne biologije oraha ostala i dalje nerazjašnjena. U radu je dat prikaz dosadašnjih saznanja u vezi sa polnim procesom oraha, pri čemu je težište stavljeno na građu muških i ženskih cvetova, dinamiku njihovog otvaranja, kao i ekološke i fiziološke aspekte dihogamije, transfera polena, receptivnosti žigova, klijanja polena, rasta polenove cevi u tučku, singamije, apomiksisa i abortiranja ženskih cvetova

SOME POSSIBILITIES OF VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF STRAWBERRY CULTIVARS IN VITRO

This work presents the production technology of five strawberry cultivars by micropropagation. Starting materials were taken in May or June from the stolons that were in the air and meristems of 0.5mm were isolated in the laboratory. The isolated strawberry meristems were cultivated in a medium containing macro and micro elements and phytohormones in different concentrations. The highest percentage of initiated culture was recorded by the cultivar Senga Sengana (81.48%) and the lowest by the cultivar Marmolada (48.00%). Optimal hormone balance for initiating culture strawberries was 1.0 mg / l BAP (Benzylaminopurine), 0,1 mg / l IBA (indole-3 -butyric acid) and 0.1 mg / l GA3 (gibberellic acid). After 50 days of cultivation in the culture, the formed shoots were transferred to medium for multiplication. The multiplication of isolated buds was achieved on the medium with phytohormones BAP and IBA. The highest multiplication index was recorded by the cultivar Senga Sengana (8.77) and the lowest by the cultivar Marmolada (5.42). When planlets reached a height of 10-12mm they were transferred to the rooting medium. The optimal concentration of phytohormones IBA for rooting of the strawberry cultivars was about 5 mg / l. Number of roots ranged from 5.09 for the cultivar Idea to 6.11 for the cultivar Senga Sengana. After two months the plants with developed roots were transplanted into peat briquettes. Adjustment by external conditions was conducted in greenhouses under a mist system. The reception was submitted well by the planted strawberries (90%). The results presented in this paper indicate that micropropagation can speed up the process of getting healthy and HIGH quality planting material ofstrawberries. The procedure for obtaining strawberries by micropropagation can be accelerated by proper selection of the combination and concentrations of phytohormones

Bioactive Proteins and Energy Value of Okara as a Byproduct in Hydrothermal Processing of Soy Milk

The nutritional properties of raw okara obtained as a byproduct from six soybean varieties during hydrothermal cooking (HTC) of soy milk were assessed. The composition and residual activity (rTIA) of trypsin inhibitors (TIs), contents of lectin, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, and energy values (EV) were correlated with the respective physicochemical properties of soybean and okara. Kunitz (KTI) and Bowman-Birk (BBI) TIs both comprised okara rTIA. TIs content was higher in okara (5.19-14.40%) than in soybean (3.10-12.17%), which additionally enriched okara by cysteine. Contents of KTI (r = 1.00;p lt 0.05) and BBI (r = 0.89;p lt 0.05) as well as BBI monomeric (r = 0.89;p lt 0.05) and polymeric forms (r = 0.95;p lt 0.05) in okara and in soybean were strongly correlated. Low urease index activity indicated that okara was heated adequately to inactivate antinutritional factors. The proximate composition of raw okara, advantageous rTIA, and a very low EV (2.74-3.78 kJ/g) qualify this byproduct for potential application in food preparation as a functional ingredient in dietary products