23 research outputs found
Durability associated efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets after five years of household use
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been strongly advocated for use to prevent malaria in sub-Saharan Africa and have significantly reduced human-vector contact. PermaNet<sup>® </sup>2.0 is among the five LLINs brands which have been given full approval by the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES). The LLINs are expected to protect the malaria endemic communities, but a number of factors within the community can affect their durability and efficacy. This study evaluated the durability, efficacy and retention of PermaNet<sup>® </sup>2.0 after five years of use in a Tanzanian community.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>Two to three day- old non blood-fed female mosquitoes from an insectary susceptible colony (<it>An. gambiae </it>s.s, this colony was established at TPRI from Kisumu, Kenya in 1992) and wild mosquito populations (<it>An. arabiensis </it>and <it>Culex quinquefasciatus</it>) were used in cone bioassay tests to assess the efficacy of mosquito nets.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>The knockdown effect was recorded after three minutes of exposure, and mortality was recorded after 24 hours post-exposure. Mortality of <it>An. gambiae </it>s.s from insectary colony was 100% while <it>An. arabiensis </it>and <it>Cx.quinquefasciatus </it>wild populations had reduced mortality. Insecticide content of the new (the bed net of the same brand but never used before) and used PermaNet<sup>® </sup>2.0 was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results of this study suggest that, in order to achieve maximum protection against malaria, public health education focusing on bed net use and maintenance should be incorporated into the mass distribution of nets in communities.</p
Response to the Study on Directors’ Duties and Sustainable Corporate Governance by Nordic Company Law Scholars
Raymond Williams - et overblik
Raymond Williams er en af efterkrigstidens første kulturkritikere til at
sætte den moderne massekommunikation og udvikling indenfor kom-
munikationsteknologien ind i en større historisk og kulturel forståelses-
ramme uden af forfalde til kulturpessimisme.
I denne artikel giver Michael Skovmand et overblik over udviklingen i
Williams kulturkritiske forfatterskab med en fyldig oversigt over de
bøger, som er udgivet om ham efter hans død
Bourdieu og medie/kulturforskningen
I den danske kulturdebat har feltet "livsstil" næsten udelukkende
været anvendt i forbindelse med ungdomskulturforskningen, der
har ladet sig inspirere af Birminghamskolens arbejder. Det er i høj
grad den franske kultursociolog Pierre Bourdieu´s fortjeneste, at
spørgsmålet om livsstile og de dertil knyttede forestillinger om god
og dĂĄrlig smag nu relateres til samfundsstrukturen i bred forstand.
Det sker pĂĄ en mĂĄde der provokerende bryder med vores vane-
forestillinger om den kulturelle smag som noget absolut og næsten
naturgivet.
Bourdieu retter bl.a. et frontalt angreb på den i sit væsen politiske
æstetik, der får selv venstreintellektuelle til at bidrage til et elitært
kultursyn, i stedet for at arbejde for et ægte kulturelt demokrati, der
respekterer befolkningens smag og kulturelle behov. Efter en intro-
duktion til Bourdieu´s teori viser Michael Skovmand, Hvordan den
kan anvendes i analysen af konkrete medieprodukter.
"Hvordan kan folk finde pĂĄ at kalde
deres søn Brian? Er de slet ikke
klar over, hvordan det placerer
bĂĄde ham og dem?"
En universitetskollega.
"Smag er afsmag".
P. Bourdieu