Čimbenici koji oblikuju pristup lovu kod tinejdžera i mladih : pregled literature

SummaryHunting is an important element in the protection of the natural environment and biodiversity. Demographic changes and people’s distance from nature are causing society to polarize their perception of hunting. Some have ‘’Bambi Syndrome’’ and others so-called ‘’Nature Deficit disorder’’. Factors shaping attitude toward hunting are: sex, age and place of residence: girls and city based children are generally against hunting. Future of wildlife management models largely depends on the attitudes of people towards it in the coming decades. This attitudes are shaping by many different factors but it is lack of knowledge about it. For this purpose, the attitude of young people to hunting should be thoroughly and multidimensionally examined.SažetakLov je važan dio zaštite okoliša i bioraznolikosti. Demografske promjene te udaljenje ljudi od prirode, uzroci su polarizicije percepcije lovstva u društvu. Neki imaju Bambijev sindrom, drugi poremećaj nedostatka prirode. Mlade žene i gradska djeca općenito su protiv lova, a znanost trpi nedostatak analiza čimbenika koji su odgovorni za oblikovanje stavova. Budućnost modela upravljanja divljim životinjama ovisi o stavovima ljudi u nadolazećim desetljećima. Za ovu svrhu potrebno je temeljno i višedimenzionalno ispitati stav mladih ljudi prema lovu

INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN MANDIBULAR PARAMETERS, AGE AND CARCASS IN FEMALE FALLOW DEER (DAMA DAMA)

The study material included 152 mandibles of female fallow deer aged 3 to 12. Each mandible was characterized by 15 measurements. Based on the Principal Components Analysis it was concluded that the size and dimensional constitution of the mandible change with age. The following parameters are subjected to most significant changes: total length, middle height of the ramus. Additionally, the method indicated that there is a moderate interdependency between the mandibular parameters and an eviscerated carcass mass. Pearson’s correlation coefficient allowed for determining moderate correlations between the carcass mass, mandible total length, breadth of the third molar and middle height of the ramus

Impact of the presence of chronically occluded coronary artery on long-term prognosis of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Background: Multivessel disease (MVD) is a significant risk factor in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Whether the presence of chronic total occlusion (CTO) poses an additional hazard is still unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of CTO on survival in STEMI patients. Methods: The study group consisted of 836 STEMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coro­nary intervention (PCI). MVD was diagnosed in 52.3%, and CTO in 17.5% of patients. Results: In MVD patients, 30-day mortality was 4.8% (6.8% in the CTO and 3.8% in the non-CTO group, p = 0.167). After 6 years, of the 437 patients with MVD, 56 (38.6%) died in the CTO group, and 74 (25.4%) in the non-CTO group (p = 0.0055). CTO was an independent predictor of long-term mortality (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.30–3.28, p = 0.002), whereas triple vessel disease was not (OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.78–1.97, p = 0.358). The other independent predictors of mortality were: age, anterior myocardial infarction, and PCI failure. Conclusions: The presence of CTO is an independent predictor of the long-term mortality in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI. (Cardiol J 2017; 24, 2: 117–124

The value of Holter monitoring with heart rate variability assessment in predicting restenosis after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of isolated stenosis of left anterior descending artery

Background: The aim of our study was to examine the value of Holter monitoring and changes of heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and to assess their value for detection of restenosis after the elective PTCA of single-vessel coronary artery disease. Methods: 56 consecutive patients were studied - 41 men and 15 women (mean age: 56.2 &plusmn; 8.3 years) with left anterior descending artery stenosis who underwent successful PTCA. All patients underwent 24 hour Holter monitoring with HRV assessment within 1 week after PTCA and then again before repeated follow-up angiography. Results: Repeated coronary angiography revealed restenosis in 15 patients and no signs of significant stenosis in the remaining 41 patients. The sensitivity of standard ST-segment depression criteria for the prediction of restenosis was low (ranging from 7% to 27%), with quite high specificity (80&#8211;93%) and very low diagnostic accuracy (17&#8211;36%). However, the presence of ventricular extrasystoles (&#8805; 50 during 24 h registration) was statistically significantly associated with quite a high likelihood of the presence of restenosis - sensitivity (53% and 47%), specificity (76% and 85%) and diagnostic accuracy (44% and 54%), respectively. In baseline recordings the significantly higher values of rMSSD (p < 0.05) and pNN50 (p = 0.61) had been found among patients who later developed restenosis, compared to those that did not. The sensitivity of rMSSD &#8805; 30 ms for the prediction of restenosis was 60%, specificity 76%, diagnostic accuracy 47%. Also the sensitivity of pNN50 &#8805; 8% for prediction of restenosis was high and equalled 60%, specificity 78% and diagnostic accuracy 50%. Conclusions: The value of a 24 hour Holter ST-segment monitoring in the prediction of restenosis seems to be limited. The possible correlation between frequent ventricular extrasystoles and the presence of restenosis needs further studies. The value of heart rate variability in the prediction of restenosis remains to be defined

The impact of left circumflex coronary artery ostium stenosis on outcomes of patients after percutaneous coronary intervention for unprotected left main disease

Background: The impact of left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) ostium atherosclerosis in left main coronary artery (LM) bifurcation disease is not well-known. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess whether the involvement of LCX ostium carries prognostic implications in patients undergoing unprotected LM percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: Consecutive 564 patients with unprotected LM (ULMCA) disease who underwent LM PCI between January 2015 and February 2021, with at least 1-year available follow-up were included in the study. First group composed of 145 patients with ULMCA disease with LCX ostium stenosis and the second group consisted of 419 patients with ULMCA disease without LCX ostium stenosis. Results: Patients in group with ULMCA disease with LCX ostium stenosis were significantly older and comorbidities were found more often in this group. Two stents technique was used more often in group with LCX ostium stenosis (62.8% vs 14.6%; P&lt;0.001). During 7 years follow-up, all-cause mortality between groups with and without LCX ostium stenosis did not differ significantly (P=0.50). The use of one-stent or two-stent technique also did not impact the mortality in patients with LCX ostial lesions group (P=0.75). Long-term mortality subanalysis for three groups of patients (1) patients with LM + LCX ostium stenosis, (2) LM + left anterior descending artery (LAD) ostium stenosis, (3) LM + LCX ostium + LAD ostium stenosis also did not differ significantly (P=0.63). Conclusions: LCX ostium involvement in LM disease PCI is not associated with adverse long-term outcomes, which is highly beneficial for the Heart Team decision making process

The impact of right coronary artery support on outcomes of patients with unprotected left main disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Background: Many operators are discouraged from performing left main (LM) percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in the absence of right coronary artery (RCA) support due to the increased procedure risk. Aims: We aimed at assessing the impact of absent functional RCA on prognostic implications in patients undergoing unprotected LM PCI. Methods: 613 patients underwent LM PCI in our department between 2015 and 2019. Consecutive 385 patients with unprotected LM and at least 1-year follow-up were included in the study. The study population comprised 272 patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease (ULMCAD) with dominant RCA, without any significant lesions (Group 1), and 113 ULMCAD patients and without RCA support (Group 2). Results: In Group 2, 32.7% patients had a significant RCA stenosis, 48.7% had chronic total occlusion (CTO) of RCA, and 18.6% had recessive RCA. Patients in Group 2 were older and had higher prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). SYNTAX Score (median [IQR] 26.0 [20.0–33.0] vs 19.0 [13.0–25.5]; P &lt; 0.001) was higher and left ventricular ejection fraction was lower (median [IQR] 50.0 [40.0–60.0]% vs 55.0 [45.0–60.0]%; P = 0.01) in this group. All periprocedural complications did not differ among the groups. Long-term all-cause mortality at a median follow-up of 1149 days did not differ significantly (23% vs 20%; P = 0.37). The long-term mortality in CTO-RCA group was also not significantly different. Conclusions: Patients with ULMCAD who have undergone LM PCI in the absence of RCA support, compared with those with ULMCAD and RCA support, differed neither in the prevalence of periprocedural complications nor in long-term all-cause mortality

Znaczenie elektrokardiogramu uśrednionego w identyfikacji chorych z restenozą po skutecznym zabiegu angioplastyki balonowej izolowanego zwężenia w tętnicy zstępującej przedniej

Wstęp: Dotychczas nie poznano rzeczywistej wartości badań nieinwazyjnych w ocenie występowania restenozy u chorych po zabiegu angioplastyki naczyń wieńcowych (PTCA). Celem badania było określenie znaczenia elektrokardiogramu uśrednionego z oceną późnych potencjałów komorowych w identyfikacji chorych z restenozą. Materiał i metody: Do programu włączono 56 kolejnych chorych z izolowaną zmianą w obrębie tętnicy zstępującej przedniej, poddanych zabiegowi angioplastyki balonowej. W badanej grupie było 41 mężczyzn i 15 kobiet w średnim wieku 56,2 &plusmn; 8,3 roku. U wszystkich chorych po upływie 6 miesięcy przeprowadzono kontrolną koronarografię. U każdego pacjenta 2-krotnie wykonano zapis elektrokardiogramu uśrednionego z rejestracją późnych potencjałów komorowych (w ciągu 14 dni od zabiegu PTCA i ponownie przed kontrolną koronarografią). Wyniki: W badanej grupie powtórne zwężenie w obrębie tętnicy zstępującej przedniej stwierdzono łącznie u 15 chorych (26,8%), a brak restenozy u 41 osób (73,2%). Zaobserwowano, iż stosując filtr 25 Hz całkowity czas trwania uśrednionego zespołu QRS (QRS total) był istotnie statystycznie dłuższy w grupie chorych z restenozą zarówno podczas rejestracji wykonanej przed rozpoczęciem badania (p < 0,01), jak i po 6 miesiącach (p < 0,05). Również czas trwania niskonapięciowych oscylacji (< 40 &#956;V), tworzących końcowy fragment zespołu QRS (HFLA), był dłuższy w badaniu wyjściowym w grupie chorych z restenozą, jednakże nie osiągnął on wartości istotnej statystycznie (p = 0,06). Przyjmując jako punkt odcięcia wartości QRS total &#8805; 130 ms, stwierdzono, iż taka wartość pomiaru na początku obserwacji i w 6. miesiącu pozwala odpowiednio z 70- lub 62-procentową czułością oraz 70- lub 74-procentową swoistością, 43- lub 44-procentową dodatnią wartością prognostyczną oraz 85- lub 86-procentową ujemną wartością prognostyczną określić prawdopodobieństwo obecności restenozy. Stosując filtr 40 Hz, nie obserwowano różnic poszczególnych parametrów elektrokardiogramu uśrednionego zarówno w rejestracji na początku badania, jak i rejestracji przeprowadzonej po 6 miesiącach. Wnioski: Wystąpienie restenozy po zabiegu angioplastyki może wpływać na zmiany elektrokardiogramu uśrednionego. (Folia Cardiol. 2005; 12: 93&#8211;102