Conclusions

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Introduction : The UK and EU Fishing Industries in Profile

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Word reading strategies: A replication and follow up intervention

The first stage of this study involved a replication of the cluster analysts procedures used by Freebody and Byrne (1988) to classify Year 2 readers according to their word reading strategies based on lists of irregular and pseudowords. A four-cluster-solution produced three groups similar to those reported by Freebody and Byrne (1988), and a fourth group which could not be classified using their criteria. A three-cluster-solution produced a more parsimonious interpretation, with these groups meeting the criteria for LB (low on both Irregular and pseudowords), HB (high on both), and Phoenician readers (average or above on pseudoword, low on irregular words). There was no evidence of a discrete group of Chinese readers (low on pseudowords, average or above average on irregular words). These results were interpreted in the context of stage models of reading development. A replication was carried out of Freebody and Byrnes (1988) examination of differences in the phonemic awareness abilities of the subjects grouped on the basis of the four-cluster-solution. Subjects were tested using the initial-consonant-elision and the final-consonant-matching tasks. Three additional phonemic awareness tasks were also used: telescoping, segmenting and rhyming. Results showed unacceptable reliability of the telescoping, segmenting and final consonant-matching tasks, coupled with ceiling effects for telescoping and segmenting. Consequently, only the results from the combined initial-consonant-elision and final-consonant matching tasks, and the rhyming tasks were used. Consistent with the findings of Freebody and Byrne (1988), the LB group showed significantly lower phonemic awareness than the other groups combined, the HB group showed the reverse outcome. This finding is consistent with previous research that has shown a relationship between phonemic awareness and reading achievement. There was a significant difference for the remaining two groups, but only on the rhyming task in favour of the Phoenician readers, reflecting their ability to recognise sound patterns within words. The second stage of the study consisted of a single subject design investigation in which baseline data was collected for six (LB) subjects. As the requirement of stable and level baselines was not met for five of the six subjects, the decision was made to implement a changing criterion design with the other subject. He was given explicit Instruction In which he was taught to discriminate between the letters he previously confused, and the strategy of sounding out regular word types without stopping between sounds. His daily data showed that by the end of the Intervention phase, consisting of 16 half-hour teaching sessions, he had reached criteria in reading mixed regular word types. In addition, his post-test score on the pseudoword list indicated that he would now qualify as a Phoenician reader. Further research is required to investigate the extent to which changes In word reading strategy can be brought about by Instruction

Influence of Varying Quantitative Fecal Immunochemical Test Positivity Thresholds on Colorectal Cancer Detection: A Community-Based Cohort Study.

The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is commonly used for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Despite demographic variations in stool hemoglobin concentrations, few data exist regarding optimal positivity thresholds by age and sex. To identify programmatic (multitest) FIT performance characteristics and optimal FIT quantitative hemoglobin positivity thresholds in a large, population-based, screening program. Retrospective cohort study. Kaiser Permanente Northern and Southern California. Adults aged 50 to 75 years who were eligible for screening and had baseline quantitative FIT results (2013 to 2014) and 2 years of follow-up. Nearly two thirds (411 241) had FIT screening in the previous 2 years. FIT programmatic sensitivity for CRC and number of positive test results per cancer case detected, overall and by age and sex. Of 640 859 persons who completed a baseline FIT and were followed for 2 years, 481 817 (75%) had at least 1 additional FIT and 1245 (0.19%) received a CRC diagnosis. Cancer detection (programmatic sensitivity) increased at lower positivity thresholds, from 822 in 1245 (66.0%) at 30 µg/g to 925 (74.3%) at 20 µg/g and 987 (79.3%) at 10 µg/g; the number of positive test results per cancer case detected increased from 43 at 30 µg/g to 52 at 20 µg/g and 85 at 10 µg/g. Reducing the positivity threshold from 20 to 15 µg/g would detect 3% more cancer cases and require 23% more colonoscopies. At the conventional FIT threshold of 20 µg/g, programmatic sensitivity decreased with increasing age (79.0%, 73.4%, and 68.9% for ages 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and 70 to 75 years, respectively; P = 0.009) and was higher in men than women (77.0% vs. 70.6%; P = 0.011). Information on advanced adenoma was lacking. Increased cancer detection at lower positivity thresholds is counterbalanced by substantial increases in positive tests. Tailored thresholds may provide screening benefits that are more equal among different demographic groups, depending on local resources. National Cancer Institute

An integrated crisis communication framework for strategic crisis communication with the media: A case study on a financial services provider

In order for organisations to survive in an ever-changing milieu in the current business environment, sufficient crisis communication and management practices need to be in place to ensure organisational survival. Despite the latter, organisational crises are often inefficiently managed which could be ascribed to the lack of managing crises strategically (Kash & Darling 1998:180). This article explores the lack of strategic crisis communication processes to ensure effective crisis communication with the media as stakeholder group. It is argued that the media is one of the main influences of public opinion (Pollard & Hotho 2006:725), thereby emphasising the need for accurate distribution of information. Furthermore, the study will focus specifically on the financial industry, as it is believed that this industry is more sensitive and thus more prone towards media reporting as financial services providers manage people’s money (Squier 2009). A strategic crisis communication process with the media is therefore proposed, facilitated through an integrated crisis communication framework, which focuses on a combination of Integrated Communication (IC) literature with emphasis on Grunig’s theory of communication excellence to build sustainable media relationships through two-way communication; and proposing a crisis communication process that has proactive, reactive and post-evaluative crisis communication stages, thereby moving away from crisis communication as a predominant reactive function.Communication Scienc

Late Effects Screening Guidelines after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes: Consensus Statement From the Second Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium International Conference on Late Effects After Pediatric HCT

Transplantation and immunomodulatio

Fertility preservation for male patients with childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer:recommendations from the PanCareLIFE Consortium and the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group

Item does not contain fulltextMale patients with childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer are at an increased risk for infertility if their treatment adversely affects reproductive organ function. Future fertility is a primary concern of patients and their families. Variations in clinical practice are barriers to the timely implementation of interventions that preserve fertility. As part of the PanCareLIFE Consortium, in collaboration with the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group, we reviewed the current literature and developed a clinical practice guideline for fertility preservation in male patients who are diagnosed with childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer at age 25 years or younger, including guidance on risk assessment and available methods for fertility preservation. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology was used to grade the available evidence and to form the recommendations. Recognising the need for global consensus, this clinical practice guideline used existing evidence and international expertise to rigorously develop transparent recommendations that are easy to use to facilitate the care of male patients with childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer who are at high risk of fertility impairment and to enhance their quality of life

Homo naledi, a new species of the genus Homo from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa.

Homo naledi is a previously-unknown species of extinct hominin discovered within the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star cave system, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa. This species is characterized by body mass and stature similar to small-bodied human populations but a small endocranial volume similar to australopiths. Cranial morphology of H. naledi is unique, but most similar to early Homo species including Homo erectus, Homo habilis or Homo rudolfensis. While primitive, the dentition is generally small and simple in occlusal morphology. H. naledi has humanlike manipulatory adaptations of the hand and wrist. It also exhibits a humanlike foot and lower limb. These humanlike aspects are contrasted in the postcrania with a more primitive or australopith-like trunk, shoulder, pelvis and proximal femur. Representing at least 15 individuals with most skeletal elements repeated multiple times, this is the largest assemblage of a single species of hominins yet discovered in Africa