Wet oxidation of glucose

Wet oxidation is used to oxidize organic substances at a controlled rate in an aqueous medium at elevated temperatures and pressures. Aqueous glucose solutions were oxidized with pure oxygen at four different temperatures in the range 176.7°C to 260.0°C, and at an oxygen pressure of 2.3 MPa. Three distinct stages of wet oxidation were found — induction, rapid oxidation, and slow oxidation. During the rapid oxidation period the reaction was assumed to be confined to a thin liquid layer next to the gas‐liquid interface. The activation energy for the rapid oxidation period was estimated to be 130 ± 20 kJ/mol. Acetic acid was found to accelerate the rate of wet oxidation of glucose only slightly

The Dynamics of Collaboration in Multipartner Projects

In many project-based industries, there has recently been an increased tendency for collaboration and cocreation of value with the customers. However, many existing studies report inherent challenges and complexities related to multipartner collaboration. This article presents a conceptual framework that explains the focal collaboration-related elements and their interdependencies in multipartner projects. The elements in the framework and relations between them are derived from the existing empirical studies and theoretical literature on collaboration, knowledge integration, and project success. Based on the conceptual analysis of the extant literature, we identify eight collaboration antecedents and three collaboration outcome elements. The conceptual framework explains how two collaboration mediators, project-collaboration quality and knowledge-integration capability, relate collaboration antecedents with collaboration outcomes. In addition, based on the literature analysis, we identify 15 mechanisms that enhance the project-collaboration quality in multipartner projects. The article provides novel insights on the dynamics of collaboration in multipartner projects by offering the concepts of project-collaboration quality and knowledge-integration capability and explaining their role in collaborative projects.Peer reviewe

Client-perceived performance and value in professional B2B services: An international perspective

Drawing from the resource-based view and a contingency approach, the authors develop and test a model of the antecedents of client-perceived value in the context of international, professional business-to-business services (consultants, engineers, project management, IT consultants, etc.) in a developing economies setting. Further, we examine the effects of key moderators (e.g., country-of-origin (COO), firm's international experience, client's buying experience) on client-perceived performance and value. The results generally support the hypotheses that client-perceived performance is impacted by a firm's internal resources (e.g., technical skills, customer orientation, innovation). In addition, this relationship is contingent upon the COO effect, while client-perceived value is moderated by the client's buying experience. The findings can guide practitioners as to the key drivers of client-perceived value, and under what conditions this value is maximized. Journal of International Business Studies (2009) 40, 274–300; doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400406