29 research outputs found
Charakterystyka wezbrania opadowego w zlewni górnego Wieprza w maju 2014 roku
Every few years torrential rains occur in Lublin Upland region, causing local floods. According to many previous researches, such downpours especially often occur in the area of Krasnystaw (Ziemnicki 1956, Dębski 1958, Maruszczak, Trembaczowski 1958, Ciepielowski, Dąbkowski 1967, Ciepielowski, Dąbkowski 1968, Górniak 1982, Kaszewski, Siwek 2005, Siwek 2010). The main aim of this research is to characterize conditions of forming and course of the flood in May 2014. Study area was defined as the upper Wieprz river catchment, including its tributary rivers, closed by gauging station in Krasnystaw. It is located in Eastern Poland, in borderland zone of Lublin Upland and Roztocze. Main material of this research was data from 8 gauging and 17 meteorological stations acquired from Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. In the middle of May 2014, a torrential rainfall occurred in a study area and caused, according to historical data, one of the biggest floods in the upper Wieprz river basin. Maximum intensity of rain during this episode reached 60 mm∙h-1. Maximum flow rate reached from 73,2 m3∙s-1 in Nielisz to 138 m3∙s-1 in Wirkowice and 109 m3∙s-1 in Krasnystaw. It was clear evidence of transformation of flood wave between particular gauging stations located on the upper Wieprz. To estimate total volume of precipitation and calculate hydrological statistics of runoff during the flood there were prepared isohyets maps and conducted zonal statistics, using GIS tools.Wyżyna Lubelska jest regionem, w którym co kilka lat pojawiają się intensywne opady burzowe powodujące lokalne wezbrania rzek. Szczególnie często zjawiska te pojawiają się w okolicy Krasnegostawu (Ziemnicki 1956, Dębski 1958, Maruszczak, Trembaczowski 1958, Ciepielowski, Dąbkowski 1967, Ciepielowski, Dąbkowski 1968, Górniak 1982, Kaszewski, Siwek 2005, Siwek 2010).W świetle dotychczasowych badań (Parczewski 1960, Górniak 1982, Michalczyk 1984, Rodzik 1984, Michalczyk i in. 2008) na Wyżynie Lubelskiej katastrofalne w skutkach są ulewy o średnim natężeniu przekraczającym 1 mm∙min-1, a sumie opadu wynoszącej około 100 mm (Teisseyre 1994). Z obliczeń wynika, że prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia opadów o tej wysokości wynosi około 1% (Suligowski 2004). W latach 1951–2000 zostało odnotowanych na Lubelszczyźnie jedynie 11 opadów o sumie dobowej >100 mm, z czego większość z nich (8 przypadków) w obszarze wyżynnym (Michalczyk i in. 2008, Siwek 2010). Kilka lat wcześniej, w międzyrzeczu Bystrzycy i Giełczwi, opad o wysokości powyżej100 mm wystąpił w nocy z 3 na 4 sierpnia 2005 roku (Michalczyk i in. 2008). Można domniemać, że najprawdopodobniej nie wszystkie epizody opadowe o sumie przekraczającej100 mm i znacznym natężeniu zostały zarejestrowane (Siwek 2006). Często o ich wystąpieniu można było wnioskować tylko na podstawie wysokiego spływu wody lub skutków geomofrologicznych. Przykładem tego są katastrofalne skutki opadów o znacznie niższych zmierzonych sumach (Maruszczak i Trembaczowski 1956, Ziemnicki 1956, Dębski 1958, Ciepielowski i Dąbkowski 1967, Ciepielowski i Dąbkowski 1968, Ciepielowski 1970, Buraczyński i Wojtanowicz 1974, Górniak 1982, Janicki i in. 2010).Celem niniejszego opracowania jest analiza warunków powstania oraz charakterystyka hydrologiczna wezbrania w zlewni górnego Wieprza, które zarejestrowano w maju 2014 roku. W dniach 11-17 maja 2014 roku na pograniczu Wyżyny Lubelskiej i Roztocza wystąpiły opady o dużej intensywności. Stacje meteorologiczne położone na tym obszarze zarejestrowały sumy opadów sięgające od 95 do226 mm. Opad o największej intensywności wystąpił w nocy z 16 na 17 maja, kiedy to w ciągu około 3 godzin w stacji Nielisz zanotowano aż110,7 mm. W krótkim czasie nastąpiło znaczne podniesienie stanów wody w rzekach, co spowodowało ogłoszenie w kilku gminach alarmów przeciwpowodziowych (m.in. w gminie Krasnystaw). Intensywny spływ wody wywołał gwałtowne wezbranie, które spowodowało wysokie straty zarówno materialne, jak i przyrodnicze. Woda zalała ponad 2,5 tys. ha upraw, wyrządziła szkody w inwentarzu, zniszczyła dziesiątki budynków oraz odcinek drogi Zamość – Hrubieszów
Analiza wyboru wartości przepływu granicznego wezbrań w zlewni górnego Wieprza
Understanding of the causes and process of flooding formation in rivers has a great importance, both scientific and practical, especially considering use management and flood protection. We can find many different definitions and criteria that can be used in determining floods. A great number of different criteria is caused by different purposes of hydrological studies on floods, as well as different environmental conditions of investigated catchments and hydrological regimes of rivers. The primary method of floods definition and identification is threshold level method (TLM). This method defines flood as time when the flow is higher than established threshold flow level. Its determination can be based on hydrological, statistical or economic criteria (Ozga-Zielińska, Brzeziński 1997; Jokiel 2007). For specified research approach there are different values of threshold level adopted. It can be observed for example on hydrological criteria, among which values can reach LAMF, HAA F (Ozga-Zielińska, Brzeziński 1997; Byczkowski 1999; Kaznowska et al. 2015), median of AMF, MAMF (Kaznowska, Chudy 2006; Nowicka 2009) or ½(LAMF+HAA F). Among statistical criteria we can meet values of flows of specific exceedance probability obtained from flow duration curve (FDC). In connection with the use of a variety of criteria the selection border get different flow characteristic values describing the flood (including the incidence, duration, volume). The use of different flow limits is difficult and essentially impossible to direct the collation and comparison of documented research. The aim of the study was to compare different methods of determining the floods, analyze the results and determine the optimum for the upper catchment Comprehensive research approach, together with an indication of its advantages and disadvantages the article presented and compared was the most commonly used in clinical methods of determining floods.Poznanie procesu i przyczyn tworzenia się wezbrań rzek ma duże znaczenie, zarówno naukowe, jak i praktyczne, szczególnie przy zagospodarowaniu i ochronie przeciwpowodziowej. W literaturze naukowej i praktycznych opracowaniach hydrologicznych pojawia się wiele różnych definicji i kryteriów wyznaczania wezbrań. Wynika to przede wszystkim z różnych celów opracowań hydrologicznych dotyczących wezbrań, a także z odmiennych warunków środowiska przyrodniczego badanych zlewni i reżimu hydrologicznego rzek. Podstawowym sposobem wydzielania wezbrań i ich dalszej analizy jest przyjęcie wartości przepływu granicznego (Qgr). Jej wyznaczanie może być oparte o kryteria hydrologiczne, statystyczne lub gospodarcze (Ozga-Zielińska, Brzeziński 1997, Jokiel 2007). Dla każdego podejścia badawczego przyjmowane są odpowiednio zdefiniowane wartości poziomów granicznych przepływu. Doskonale możemy to zauważyć na przykładzie grupy kryteriów hydrologicznych, wśród których funkcjonują przepływy graniczne przyjmujące wartości NWQ, WSQ (Ozga-Zielińska, Brzeziński 1997, Byczkowski 1999, Kaznowska i in. 2015), ZWQ, SWQ (Kaznowska, Chudy 2006, Nowicka 2009), czy też wartości na poziomie granicy przepływów średnich i wysokich ½(NWQ+WSQ) (Kijowska 2011). Stosowane są również wartości sezonowych przepływów charakterystycznych II stopnia np. SWQlato, SWQzima (Ozga-Zielińska, Brzeziński 1997, Bartczak 2007). W grupie kryteriów statystycznych spotkać można się z wartościami przepływów o określonym prawdopodobieństwie przewyższenia odczytanymi z krzywej czasu przewyższenia przepływu (KCPP). W literaturze spotykane są również kryteria mieszane – według J. Punzeta (1991) wezbranie występuje gdy przepływ maksymalny jest większy od średniej arytmetycznej przepływu średniego rocznego oraz przepływu o prawdopodobieństwie przewyższenia 50% (Qmax< ½ (SSQ+Q50%).W związku ze stosowaniem wielu różnych kryteriów wyboru przepływu granicznego otrzymujemy różne wartości charakterystyk opisujących wezbrania (m.in. częstość występowania, czas trwania, objętość). Stosowanie różnych wartości przepływów granicznych utrudnia, a w zasadzie uniemożliwia, bezpośrednie zestawianie i porównanie wyników dokumentowanych badań. Celem pracy jest porównanie różnych metod wyznaczania wezbrań, analiza otrzymanych wyników oraz określenie optymalnego dla zlewni górnego Wieprza podejścia badawczego, wraz ze wskazaniem jego wad i zalet. W artykule przedstawione i porównane zostały najczęściej stosowane w badaniach metody wyznaczania wezbrań
Bipolar disorder : from a biological to an integrative approach : the role of cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of bipolar disorder
Evaluation of antiplatelet activity of novel guanidine derivatives in the aspects of their adrenergic receptor activity
Designed acetamide derivatives based on guanidine and various heteroaryl carboxylic acids, were preliminary in vitro study of their adrenergic receptor affinity and anti-plateled effects. The obtained results have showed that exchange of 2,6-dichloro-phenyl substituent of guanidine into heteroaryl moieties, caused the decrease of receptor affinity, especially for α1-adrenoceptors. The observed receptor profile of activity for α2BAR was not changed compared to α1-ARs. Moreover, the observed effects on platelet aggregation induced by sub-threshold concentration of collagen and adrenaline strongly suggested that antiaggregant effect of N- (diaminomethylene)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)acetamide and N-(diaminomethylene)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)acetamide depends on their α2B-ARs antagonistic activity
Relationship between neurological and cerebellar soft signs, and implicit motor learning in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Background: Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) patients share deficits in motor functions in the form of neurological (NSS) and cerebellar soft signs (CSS), and implicit motor learning disturbances. Here, we use cluster analysis method to assess (1) the relationship between those abnormalities in SZ and BD and (2) the differences between those groups. Methods: 33 SZ patients, 33 BD patients as well as 31 healthy controls (HC) took part in the study. We assessed CSS with the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) and NSS with the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES). Implicit motor learning was evaluated with the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT). Participants were divided into clusters (Ward's method) based on the mean response time and mean error rate in SRTT. The difference in ICARS and NES scores, and SRTT variables between clusters were evaluated. We have measured associations between SRTT parameters and both ICARS and NES total scores and subscores. Results: Cluster analysis based on the SRTT parameters allowed to extract three clusters. Those were characterized by the increasing disruption of motor functioning (psychomotor retardation, the severity of NSS and CSS) regardless of the diagnosis. Cluster 1 covered almost all of HC and was characterized by faster reaction times and small number of errors. BD and SZ patients represented in cluster 1, although fully functional in performing the SRTT, showed higher rates of NSS and CSS. Patients with BD and SZ were set apart in clusters 2 and 3 in a similar proportion. Cluster 2 presented significantly slower reaction times but with the comparable number of errors to cluster 1. Cluster 3 consisted of participants with normal or decreased reaction time and significantly increased number of errors. None of the clusters were predominantly composed of the patients representing one psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusions: To our best knowledge, we are presenting the first data indicating the relationship between implicit motor learning and NSS and CSS in SZ and BD patients' groups. Lack of clusters predominantly represented by patients with the diagnosis of SZ or BD may refer to the model of schizophrenia-bipolar disorder boundary, pointing out the similarities between those two disorders
New spirohydantoin derivatives : synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and molecular modeling study
A series of new arylpiperazinylpropyl derivatives of 8/6-phenyl-1,3-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dione and spiro[imidazolidine-4,1í-indene/naphthalene]-2,5-dione was synthesized and their affinity was evaluated toward serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT7 receptors, dopaminergic D2, D3 receptors, adrenergic α1 receptors, and serotonin transporter (SERT). The highest affinity for serotonin 5-HT1A/2A/7 receptors was found for compounds containing a tetralin or indane moiety in the imide part. Among these, two compounds (19, 20) were selected for further pharmacological in vivo studies. A binding mode of representative molecule 19, which behaved as a 5-HT1A agonist and weak 5-HT7 antagonist in the site of 5-HT1A/7, was also analyzed in computationa studies. Moreover, two highly selective (9 and 11) 5-HT2A receptor antagonists were obtained
Les attitudes des médecins et des patients en présence de la maladie affective bipolaire : pensons nous d’une manière pareille ?
Aim. The aim of the presented study was an analysis and comparison of patients and psychiatrists beliefs regarding the most important aspects of bipolar disorder (BD) treatment. Method. A group of 100 psychiatrists (with at least 5 years professional experience) and a group of 100 remitted patients fulfilling ICD-10 and DSM IV-TR BD criteria (aged 18–65) were enrolled. Their beliefs were investigated with a 41-item structuralized questionnaire (doctors group) and 27-item self evaluation inventory (patients group). The construction of both tools made it possible to compare the results and was based on hierarchical ranking of answers included in each item. Results. A number of important concordances were indicated between doctors and patients beliefs e.g. both groups considered that: 1) the depression is the most burdensome episode in the course of BD; 2) the pharmacotherapy is the most crucial element of treatment; 3) the improvement of life quality is the most important aspect of recovery. On the other hand the results revealed that patients are convinced that doctors consider improving their life quality as much less important than alleviating symptoms severity. The hierarchy of problems proposed by the patients as the main obstacles in taking drugs appeared to be the exact antithesis of doctors beliefs in this issue. The patients indicated drug side effects as the main cause whereas doctors considered compliance as a crucial problem. Discrepancies in beliefs were also observed regarding the perceived importance of different psychoeducation topics: coping abilities and life quality improvement – two most important issues in patients opinion, were placed on the remote rank in doctors hierarchy, giving place to early recognition of relapse symptoms and suicidality prevention. Conclusion. Discrepancies of psychiatrists and patients beliefs regarding crucial aspects of BD treatment that were revealed in the study may be responsible for worsening of compliance quality
Les troubles de la mémoire à court terme des patients avec la dépression suivant la thérapie de l’électrochoc
Introduction. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment in a variety of psychiatric syndromes (especially mood disorders). However one of its adverse effects is neurocognitive dysfunction. Declarative memory impairment after ECT is unquestionable and well investigated. There are only few ambiguous studies focused on nondeclarative and immediate memory changes during ECT. Method. A study of immediate (working) memory changes in depressed patients treated with ECT (n=10; bitemporal ECT 3 times a week) or imipramine or desipramine (150-250mg/ day; n=10) was conducted in patients who fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for major unipolar depression. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) were used to assess the efficacy of antidepressant therapy. Cognitive functions were assessed with neuropsychological tests: Stroop A and B, TMT (Trial Making) A and B. The patients’ status was evaluated 1 day before the treatment and 1 day, 2 weeks, 1 month and 6 months after the first ECT procedure. Results. 1 day after first ECT treatment, patient’s working memory was slightly impaired, but this was not statistically significant. Both groups showed statistically significant improvement in working memory 1 month after start of treatment. However there were statistically significant differences between ECT and pharmacologically treated groups at the first month of therapy. Conclusion. ECT treatment only temporally affects working memory function. The improvement of function may be a result of clinical recovery from depressant symptomatology