Loss allocation in distribution networks with distributed generators undergoing network reconfiguration

In this paper, a branch exchange based heuristic network reconfiguration method is proposed for obtaining an optimal network in a deregulated power system. A unique bus identification scheme is employed which makes the load flow and loss calculation faster due to its reduced search time under varying network topological environment. The proposed power loss allocation technique eliminates the effect of cross-term analytically from the loss formulation without any assumptions and approximations. The effectiveness of the proposed reconfiguration and loss allocation methods are investigated by comparing the results obtained by the present approach with that of the existing “Quadratic method” using a 33-bus radial distribution system with/without DGs

FPGA based Portable Embedded Real Time Humidity and Temperature Measuring System

A high resolution, cost effective, robust portable embedded FPGA based real time humidity and temperature measuring system has been indigenously developed with provision for local and remote data storage. The system not only measures humidity and temperature but also has provision for insitu recording of the data in the system and can be accessed at any place through web enabling. The system is portable with low power consumption capable of operating both on mains AC 230V or using DC battery. Usage of high resolution real time data acquisition with simultaneous sampling decimates required data via secured communication system. The software has been developed for Data acquisition, signal conditioning, processing and publishing in LabVIEW Real Time FPGA platform

A Critical Analysis of Modeling Aspects of D-STATCOMs for Optimal Reactive Power Compensation in Power Distribution Networks

Distribution static compensators (D-STATCOMs) can enhance the technical performance of the power distribution network by providing rapid and continuous reactive power support to the connected bus. Accurate modeling and efficient utilization of D-STATCOMs can maximize their utility. In this regard, this article offers a novel current-injection-based D-STATCOM model under the power control mode of operation for the reactive power compensation of the power distribution network. The versatility of the proposed D-STATCOM model is demonstrated by combining it with two of the most established distribution load flow techniques, viz., the forward–backward sweep load flow and the BIBC–BCBV-matrix-based direct load flow. Further, the allocation of the proposed D-STATCOM model is carried out under a multiobjective mathematical formulation consisting of various technical and economic indices such as the active power loss reduction index, voltage variation minimization index, voltage stability improvement index and annual expenditure index. A novel parameter-free metaheuristic algorithm, namely a student-psychology-based optimization algorithm, is proposed to determine the optimal assignment of the different number of D-STATCOM units under the multiobjective framework. The proposed allocation scheme is implemented on a standard 33-bus test system and on a practical 51-bus rural distribution feeder. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed D-STATCOM model can be efficiently integrated into the distribution load flow algorithms. The student-psychology-based optimization algorithm is found to be robust and efficient in solving the optimal allocation of D-STATCOMs as it yields minimum power loss compared to other established approaches for 33-bus PDNs. Further, the economic analysis carried out in this work can guide network operators in deciding on the number of D-STATCOMs to be augmented depending on the investment costs and the resulting savings

Optimal Allocation of Distributed Generators in Active Distribution Networks Using a New Oppositional Hybrid Sine Cosine Muted Differential Evolution Algorithm

The research proposes a new oppositional sine cosine muted differential evolution algorithm (O-SCMDEA) for the optimal allocation of distributed generators (OADG) in active power distribution networks. The suggested approach employs a hybridization of the classic differential evolution algorithm and the sine cosine algorithm in order to incorporate the exploitation and exploration capabilities of the differential evolution algorithm and the sine cosine algorithm, respectively. Further, the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm is accelerated through the judicious application of opposition-based learning. The OADG is solved by considering three separate mono-objectives (real power loss minimization, voltage deviation improvement and maximization of the voltage stability index) and a multi-objective framework combining the above three. OADG is also addressed for DGs operating at the unity power factor and lagging power factor while meeting the pragmatic operational requirements of the system. The suggested algorithm for multiple DG allocation is evaluated using a small test distribution network (33 bus) and two bigger test distribution networks (118 bus and 136 bus). The results are also compared to recent state-of-the-art metaheuristic techniques, demonstrating the superiority of the proposed method for solving OADG, particularly for large-scale distribution networks. Statistical analysis is also performed to showcase the genuineness and robustness of the obtained results. A post hoc analysis using Friedman–ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests reveals that the results are of statistical significance

Power quality enhancement of grid-connected PV system

Solar photovoltaic (PV) power, for its multiple benefits, has adhered to prominent consideration in the electrical energy generation region. The double-stage triple-phase grid-connected solar PV (SPV) system is utilized to enhance the power quality by employing a lymphoblastoid cell lines LCL filter. In this method, a DC-DC converter and DC-AC converter make a feasible juncture of the PV systems to the electrical interface. For converting boosted DC into AC, A 3-phase DC-AC converter is used, which is supplied into the grid. A 3-phase voltage converter is employed in place of an inverter for interfacing amid the voltage generated by the PV system and the grid possessing an AC transmission line. An maximum power point tracking (MPPT) application is used in this proposal to amplify the effectiveness of the PV array in face of any unsteady climatic circumstances. Hence, the highest energy could be secured out of the solar PV array and interfaced with the grid. Enhancing power quality by employing an LCL filter is quantified by FFT analysis in MATLAB. The advised proposal has attained a very low total harmonic distortion (THD), proving its efficacy. Also, the outcomes ascertain the applications of the proposed system and extend future advances of renewable energy with a great power quality improvement