ERIC-PCR: A Molecular Typing Tool for Genotyping Multi Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from the Pus Samples

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a typical and major human pathogen, it causes numerous risky opportunistic infections like cystic fibrosis, wound infection, urinary tract infection, ear infections, endocarditis, nosocomial infections and bacteremia, etc. Furthermore, due to their phenotypic variations; identification maybe sometimes harder and consequently which delays their early diagnosis and treatment in infected patients.  Hence, a quick and accurate method for the identification of P. aeruginosa would be more helpful in their early diagnosis. The present work was aimed to use species-specific primer for the rapid and precise identification of P. aeruginosa strains. Multiple drug-resistant strains were selected and their genetic variability was studied using ERIC-PCR. The results showed that out of ten P. aeruginosa isolates, eight were found to be unique and genetically diverse. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ERIC-PCR, MDR. Wound infection, Pus sample

Aerosolized adenovirus-vectored vaccine as an alternative vaccine delivery method

Conventional parenteral injection of vaccines is limited in its ability to induce locally-produced immune responses in the respiratory tract, and has logistical disadvantages in widespread vaccine administration. Recent studies suggest that intranasal delivery or vaccination in the respiratory tract with recombinant viral vectors can enhance immunogenicity and protection against respiratory diseases such as influenza and tuberculosis, and can offer more broad-based generalized protection by eliciting durable mucosal immune responses. Controlled aerosolization is a method to minimize vaccine particle size and ensure delivery to the lower respiratory tract. Here, we characterize the dynamics of aerosolization and show the effects of vaccine concentration on particle size, vector viability, and the actual delivered dose of an aerosolized adenoviral vector. In addition, we demonstrate that aerosol delivery of a recombinant adenoviral vaccine encoding H1N1 hemagglutinin is immunogenic and protects ferrets against homologous viral challenge. Overall, aerosol delivery offers comparable protection to intramuscular injection, and represents an attractive vaccine delivery method for broad-based immunization campaigns

Fine genetic mapping of combined shoot fly resistance (SFR) and stay green (STG) traits on sorghum chromosome SBI-10

Sorghum is fifth most important C4 cereal crop used as food, feed, fodder, fuel and a “fail safe” source in semi-arid tropics of the world..

Fine mapping of stay-green QTLs on sorghum chromosome SBI-10L ‒ An approach from genome to phenome

Sorghum is the fifth most important C4 cereal crop grown globally in arid and semi-arid climatic conditions. Drought is the major cause for loss of productivity worldwide. Delayed senescence of plants leads to adaptation to drought stress conditions by staying-green and giving high yields. In order to identify and dissect the stay-green genomic regions we have developed a high resolution fine mapping population from introgression line cross RSG04008-6 (stay-green) × J2614-11 (shoot fly resistant). Nearly 1894 F2 genotypes were screened with 8 SSR in order to identify double recombinants for both the parents in the sorghum chromosome-10 long arm (SBI-10L). The selected F2:4 recombinants were GBSed to increase the marker density between flanking markers Xgap001- Xtxp141 for stay-green QTLs on SBI-10L and a high resolution linkage map was developed using GBS SNPs. Out of 182 only 152 recombinants were replicated thrice in field for staygreen screening for two seasons (Summer 2013 and 2014). Fine mapping of the per cent Green Leaf Area (%GLA) traits identified 33 QTLs and 19QTLs were clustered into 7groups where 8 genes were identified. These were AP2/ERF transcription factor family (Sb10g025053), Ankyrin-repeat protein (Sb10g025310), WD40 repeat protein (Sb10g025320), NBSLRR Protein (Sb10g025283), Calcium dependant protein kinase (Sb10g030150), LEA2 protein (Sb10g029570), a putative uncharacterized protein (Sb10g024920) and senescence associated protein (Sb10g030520). With this study SBI-10L staygreen genomic regions were delimited from 15Mb to 8 genes co-localized with GWAS MTAs. Further cloning and expression level studies of the identified candidate genes will improve the development of drought tolerant genotypes

The potential of urinary metabolites for diagnosing multiple sclerosis

A definitive diagnostic test for multiple sclerosis (MS) does not exist; instead physicians use a combination of medical history, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF). Significant effort has been employed to identify biomarkers from CSF to facilitate MS diagnosis; however none of the proposed biomarkers have been successful to date. Urine is a proven source of metabolite biomarkers and has the potential to be a rapid, non-invasive, inexpensive, and efficient diagnostic tool for various human diseases. Nevertheless, urinary metabolites have not been extensively explored as a source of biomarkers for MS. Instead, we demonstrate that urinary metabolites have significant promise for monitoring disease-progression, and response to treatment in MS patients. NMR analysis of urine permitted the identification of metabolites that differentiate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-mice (prototypic disease model for MS) from healthy and MS drug-treated EAE mice

Directional growth, physicochemical and quantum chemical investigations on pyridinium 2-carboxylate: 4-nitrophenol (P2C4N) single crystal for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications

An organic nonlinear optical (NLO) single crystal of pyridinium 2-carboxylate: 4-nitrophenol (P2C4N) was grown by the Sankaranarayanan-Ramasamy (SR) method using the (1 1 -1) plane. A transparent crystal of size 180 mm in length and 10 mm in diameter was grown over a period of 60 days. The lattice parameters and the molecular structure of the grown crystal were confirmed by single crystal XRD and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum analysis, respectively. The crystalline perfection of the SR method-grown crystal was evaluated by HRXRD analysis; from the observed results, it is evident that the crystal quality is quite good. UV-Vis-NIR analysis shows that the SR method-grown crystal has good transparency (90%) in the visible and NIR regions. The band gap of the title crystal was estimated by the Tauc's plot method and was found to be 3 eV. The title material is thermally stable up to 141 degrees C, and it demonstrates positive photoconductive behaviour. Vickers microhardness studies revealed that the grown crystal can be categorized as a soft material. The laser damage threshold of P2C4N was found to be 2.9 GW cm(-2), which shows that the grown crystal possesses excellent resistance to high power radiation. Z-Scan studies proved that the grown crystal possesses self-defocusing effects and negative nonlinearity. The theoretical spectra were calculated using the B3LYP/cc-pVTZ basis set and were compared with the experimental FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the title molecule. The full vibrational assignments of the observed spectra have been proposed by normal coordinate analysis (NCA) followed by force-field calculations. Quantum chemical studies, such as optimized geometry, HOMO-LUMO, natural bonding orbital (NBO) analysis, AIM analysis, hyperpolarizability and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) were performed for the title molecule. The results are discussed in detail