Phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of Syzygium cumini an ethanomedicinal plant of Javadhu hills

Traditional medicine practice by tribal population of globe has been a greatest mystery which has not been unraveled so far. Studies on them could lead to finding of novel drugs for effective treatment of various diseases caused by commensals and pathogens. We have chosen one of the most commonly used fruit Syzygium cumini for the present study to screen and analyze the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties they posses. The study revealed that Syzygium cumini extracts contains rich availability of carbohydrates, phenols, flavonoids and tannins as their secondary metabolites. Further the ethanolic extracts of leaves and aqueous extracts of seeds were found to have very high anti microbial property for wide range of gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains

A Review of Immunomodulatory Reprogramming by Probiotics in Combating Chronic and Acute Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs)

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are characterized by a lack of angiogenesis and distal limb diabetic neuropathy. This makes it possible for opportunistic pathogens to protect the biofilm-encased micro-communities, causing a delay in wound healing. The acute and chronic phases of DFU-associated infections are distinguished by the differential expression of innate proinflammatory cytokines and tumor necrosis factors (TNF-α and -β). Efforts are being made to reduce the microbial bioburden of wounds by using therapies such as debridement, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, shock wave therapy, and empirical antibiotic treatment. However, the constant evolution of pathogens limits the effectiveness of these therapies. In the wound-healing process, continuous homeostasis and remodeling processes by commensal microbes undoubtedly provide a protective barrier against diverse pathogens. Among commensal microbes, probiotics are beneficial microbes that should be administered orally or topically to regulate gut–skin interaction and to activate inflammation and proinflammatory cytokine production. The goal of this review is to bridge the gap between the role of probiotics in managing the innate immune response and the function of proinflammatory mediators in diabetic wound healing. We also highlight probiotic encapsulation or nanoformulations with prebiotics and extracellular vesicles (EVs) as innovative ways to tackle target DFUs

Aegiceras corniculatum-Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Biophysical Characterization and Cytotoxicity on Vero Cells

Nowadays, silver nanoparticles receive increasing attention in nanomedicine, due to their characteristics which allow numerous biological applications. In this study, a biofabrication protocol was formulated to synthesize silver nanoparticles using a mangrove extract of Aegiceras corniculatum. The bio-physical characterization of mangrove-fabricated silver nanoparticles were carried out using UV–vis spectrophotometry, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD analysis and HRTEM. In vitro cytotoxicity assays of mangrove fabricated silver nanoparticles was made in comparison with chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles on Vero cell lines. MTT assay was applied in order to investigate the cytotoxic nature of the mangrove fabricated and chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles. The concentration which caused 50 % cell death (CC50) was 18.79 ± 0.9 μg/mL in the cells treated with mangroves fabricated silver nanoparticles whereas chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles produced the same effect (i.e. 50 % cell death) at 8.96 ± 0.8 μg/mL. Results showed that the mangrove-fabricated silver nanoparticles was more biocompatible when compared with chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles, highlighting their promising potential as nanocarriers in pharmacology and nanomedicine

Hybrid of Metapenaeus dobsoni lectin and platinum nanoparticles exert antimicrobial and immunostimulatory effects to reduce bacterial bioburden in infected Nile tilapia

Abstract A novel antibacterial immunostimulant using Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) and lectin from Metapenaeus dobsoni (Md-Lec) was developed. The Md-Lec and PtNPs (Pt-lec) hybrid formed through non-covalent interaction exhibits antimicrobial activity against fish specific pathogens by affecting membrane integrity and producing excess reactive oxygen species. The therapeutic efficacy of Pt-lec was demonstrated through rescuing Aeromonas hydrophila infected Nile Tilapia. Pt-lec prevents the infection spreading and reduces the bacterial bioburden in less than 12 h, and as a result of this the fish were restored to normalcy. To assess immunostimulation, we studied the expression of three different immune related genes, namely LEC, Myd88 and COX-2 in the gills, liver, spleen and kidney of fish under various experimental conditions. Our results showed that Pt-lec treatment appeared to be better when compared to lectin alone in enhancing the expression of Myd88 and COX-2, but LEC was not as expected. These results suggest that Pt-lec has the ability to protect Nile Tilapia against bacterial infection by restricting bacterial bioburden through their direct effects on the bacterial membrane and indirectly through their effects on host immune-related gene expression. This hybrid could have potential “green” application in fish farming in rescuing infected animals when compared to widely and unregulated antibiotics