ER/K linked GPCR-G protein fusions systematically modulate second messenger response in cells.

FRET and BRET approaches are well established for detecting ligand induced GPCR-G protein interactions in cells. Currently, FRET/BRET assays rely on co-expression of GPCR and G protein, and hence depend on the stoichiometry and expression levels of the donor and acceptor probes. On the other hand, GPCR-G protein fusions have been used extensively to understand the selectivity of GPCR signaling pathways. However, the signaling properties of fusion proteins are not consistent across GPCRs. In this study, we describe and characterize novel sensors based on the Systematic Protein Affinity Strength Modulation (SPASM) technique. Sensors consist of a GPCR and G protein tethered by an ER/K linker flanked by FRET probes. SPASM sensors are tested for the β2-, α1-, and α2- adrenergic receptors, and adenosine type 1 receptor (A1R), tethered to Gαs-XL, Gαi2, or Gαq subunits. Agonist stimulation of β2-AR and α2-AR increases FRET signal comparable to co-expressed FRET/BRET sensors. SPASM sensors also retain signaling through the endogenous G protein milieu. Importantly, ER/K linker length systematically tunes the GPCR-G protein interaction, with consequent modulation of second messenger signaling for cognate interactions. SPASM GPCR sensors serve the dual purpose of detecting agonist-induced changes in GPCR-G protein interactions, and linking these changes to downstream signaling

Nucleophilic substitutions on 3-chloro-4- fluoronitrobenzene

Nucleophilic substitutions on 3-chloro-4- fluoronitrobenzene 5 with piperazines occur on the fluorine rather than on the chlorine atom as reported, to yield 3-chloro-4-piperazinylnitrobenzenes 8 and 9

Impact of riparian land use on stream insects of Kudremukh National Park, Karnataka state, India

The impact of riparian land use on the stream insect communities was studied at Kudremukh National Park located within Western Ghats, a tropical biodiversity hotspot in India. The diversity and community composition of stream insects varied across streams with different riparian land use types. The rarefied family and generic richness was highest in streams with natural semi evergreen forests as riparian vegetation. However, when the streams had human habitations and areca nut plantations as riparian land use type, the rarefied richness was higher than that of streams with natural evergreen forests and grasslands. The streams with scrub lands and iron ore mining as the riparian land use had the lowest rarefied richness. Within a landscape, the streams with the natural riparian vegetation had similar community composition. However, streams with natural grasslands as the riparian vegetation, had low diversity and the community composition was similar to those of paddy fields. We discuss how stream insect assemblages differ due to varied riparian land use patterns, reflecting fundamental alterations in the functioning of stream ecosystems. This understanding is vital to conserve, manage and restore tropical riverine ecosystems

Determination of higher heating value of biodiesels

ABSTRACT Biodiesel, an alternative fuel can be used in diesel engine as neat or blended with diesel. The physiochemical properties of fuel are important in design of fuel system for compression ignition engine run on diesel, biodiesel or biodiesel blend. The HHV is an important property which characterizes the energy content of a fuel such as solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. The biodiesels were characterized for their physical and main fuel properties including viscosity, density, flash point and higher heating value. The viscosities of biodiesels were much less than those of pure oils and their HHV's of approximately 42 MJ/kg were 10% less than those of petro diesel fuels. The HHVs of vegetable oils and their biodiesels were measured and correlated using linear least square regression analysis. An equation was developed relating HHV and thermal properties. The predicted higher heating values compare well with the measured Higher Heating Values. This work establishes the general dependence of higher heating value on thermal properties of biodiesel

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON HEART DISEASE ANALYSIS USING CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUES

As it is modern era where people use computers more for work and other purposes physical activities are reduced. Due to work pressure they are not worrying about food habits. This results in introduction of junk food. These junk foods in turn results in many health issues. Major issue is heart disease. It is the major cause of casualty all over the world. Prediction of such heart disease is a tough task. But Countless mining approaches overcome this difficulty. Nowadays data mining techniques play’s an important role in many fields such as business application, stock market analysis, e-commerce, medical field and many more. Previously many techniques like Bayesian classification, decision tree and many more are employed for heart disease prediction. In this proposal we are going to do a comparative study on three algorithms

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON HEART DISEASE ANALYSIS USING CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUES

As it is modern era where people use computers more for work and other purposes physical activities are reduced. Due to work pressure they are not worrying about food habits. This results in introduction of junk food. These junk foods in turn results in many health issues. Major issue is heart disease. It is the major cause of casualty all over the world. Prediction of such heart disease is a tough task. But Countless mining approaches overcome this difficulty. Nowadays data mining techniques play’s an important role in many fields such as business application, stock market analysis, e-commerce, medical field and many more. Previously many techniques like Bayesian classification, decision tree and many more are employed for heart disease prediction. In this proposal we are going to do a comparative study on three algorithms

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM MEDICINAL PLANT CRESCENTIA CUJETE L. AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER PROPERTIES

Objective: The present study was aimed to isolate endophytic fungi from ethano-medicinally important plant Crescentia cujete L. in view to screen their bioactive principles towards different pharmacological applications. Methods: A total of four morphologically distinct endophytic fungi were isolated and identified via analyzing their ITS region of 5.8s rRNA and sequences were submitted in Genbank. The recovered four isolates were further cultivated in Czapek-Dox broth, from this extra cellular bioactive metabolites has been extracted using ethyl acetate for their different biological activities. DPPH assay was performed to measure the free-radical scavenging activity of extracts and antibacterial property was assessed through disc diffusion method. On the other hand, the cytotoxic potential of fungal extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2) was studied by MTT assay, AO-EB and Hoechest staining methods under in vitro condition. Most importantly, the active compounds present in the solvent extracts were identified through GC-MS analysis.Results: The fungal extracts showed a strong growth inhibitory effect against bacterial human pathogens and excellent free radical scavenging activity. It also exhibits excellent antiproliferative effect against hepatocellular carcinoma cells, further it was observed that the cell death was primarily mediated by apoptosis. The active compounds present in the extracts were identified through GC-MS analysis, which depicts the presence of aspirin and diethyl phthalate as the major constituents.Conclusion: Overall, this study strongly suggests that extracts of isolated endophytic fungi from C. cujete L. can be developed as a lead/drug molecule in view of pharmaceutical context.Â