Landsat surface temperature data analysis for urban heat resilience: case study of Adelaide

Meeting: CUPUM 2017: 15th International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management (11-14 July 2017 Adelaide, Australia )Smarter urban futures require resilient built environment in the context of climate change. This chapter demonstrates the application of satellite-based surface cover and temperature data to support planning for urban heat resilience. Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 data is used to analyse the correlation of urban surface covers to the urban heat island effect in Adelaide. Methods for data source selection, surface cover classification, surface temperature calculation and analysis are detailed in this chapter. Results indicate that tree canopy and surface water covers had the least surface temperature variations in mesoscale. The average minimum surface temperature of tree canopy cover was 2.79 °C lower than asphalt and 4.74 °C lower than paved areas. Freely available satellite urban surface temperature data can assist urban planning authorities in planning heat resilient urban spaces for smarter urban futures in the context of climate change.Ehsan Sharifi, Alpana Sivam, Sadasivam Karuppannan and John W Bolan

Flock-level risk factors for scrapie in Great Britain: analysis of a 2002 anonymous postal survey

BACKGROUND: In November 2002, an anonymous postal survey of sheep farmers in Great Britain (GB) was conducted to identify factors associated with the flock-level occurrence of scrapie. This survey was undertaken to update an earlier postal survey in 1998, and was the first occasion in which a large-scale postal survey had been repeated. RESULTS: The results of the 2002 survey indicated that scrapie was more likely to occur in certain geographic regions; in purebred compared to commercial flocks; in larger flocks; in flocks which lambed in group pens compared to those which lambed in individual pens; in flocks which always lambed in the same location compared to those which did not; and in farms which kept certain breeds of sheep. In addition to these factors, the likelihood of the disease occurring in homebred animals was higher in flocks which bred a greater proportion of replacement animals or which bought-in lambs. Finally, within-flock transmission following exposure was more likely to occur in hill flocks compared to other farm types; in flocks which bred a greater proportion of replacement animals; and in farms which kept a certain crossbreed of ewe. CONCLUSION: The risk factors identified from the 1998 and 2002 anonymous postal surveys in Great Britain were similar. However, differences between the surveys were identified in the influence of region and of purchasing behaviour on the risk of scrapie. These differences are most likely a consequence of changes in farmer awareness and the impact of the 2001 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic, respectively

Grey Relational Analysis and Anova to Determine the Optimum Process Parameters for Friction Stir Welding of Ti and Mg Alloys

The welding of Magnesium and Titanium and its alloys has continuously depicted a good challenge for designers and technologists. Ti and Mg alloys, particularly heat-treatable alloys, are difficult to join by fusion fastening techniques. The welding of dissimilar alloy such as Ti (Grade 2) and Mg (AZ91D) Alloy is an important problem during Friction Stir Welding (FSW). In this paper, the influence of Rotation speed (Rpm), Travel Speed (mm/min), Bottom Diameter Tool Pins (mm) and Tool Profiles of Ti and Mg alloy during FSW was investigated by Grey Relational Analysis and Anova was used to work out the foremost important Travel speed and feed rate affecting the Response. The primary and cooperation impact of the information factors on the normal reactions are examined. The expected values and measured values are genuinely close

Multi Response Optimization of Setting Input Variables for Getting Better Product Quality in Machining of Magnesium AM60 by Grey Relation Analysis and ANOVA

This study presents the optimization of Machining parameters on AM60 Mg alloy manufactured by Gravity Die Casting and with responses supported orthogonal array with Grey relation analysis. Focuses on the optimization of Machining input parameters using the technique to get minimum surface roughness, Minimum Tool Wear, Cutting Time, Power Requirement, Torque and Maximum MRR. A number of Machining trails were conducted based on the L9 orthogonal array on CNC machine. The experiments were performed on AM60 alloy using cutting tool of an ISO 460.1-1140-034A0-XM GC3 of 12,16 and 25 mm diameter with cutting point 140 degrees, throughout the experimental work under different cutting conditions. Grey relation analysis & ANOVA were used to work out the fore most important parameters Cutting speed, feed rate, Depth of Cut and Tool Diameter which affects the Response. The expected response and measured response are fairly close. The given model could be used to select the level of Machining parameters

Effects of 8 weeks of CPAP on lipid-based oxidative markers in obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized trial

Dyslipidaemia and increased oxidative stress have been reported in severe obstructive sleep apnea, and both may be related to the development of cardiovascular disease. We have previously shown in a randomized crossover study in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea that therapeutic continuous positive airway pressure treatment for 8 weeks improved postprandial triglycerides and total cholesterol when compared with sham continuous positive airway pressure. From this study we have now compared the effect of 8 weeks of therapeutic continuous positive airway pressure and sham continuous positive airway pressure on oxidative lipid damage and plasma lipophilic antioxidant levels. Unesterified cholesterol, esterified unsaturated fatty acids (cholesteryl linoleate: C18:2; and cholesteryl arachidonate: C20:4; the major unsaturated and oxidizable lipids in low-density lipoproteins), their corresponding oxidized products [cholesteryl ester-derived lipid hydroperoxides and hydroxides (CE-O(O)H)] and antioxidant vitamin E were assessed at 20:30 hours before sleep, and at 06:00 and 08:30 hours after sleep. Amongst the 29 patients completing the study, three had incomplete or missing [CE-O(O)H] data. The mean apnea -hypopnoea index, age and body mass index were 38 per hour, 49 years and 32 kg m(-2) , respectively. No differences in lipid-based oxidative markers or lipophilic antioxidant levels were observed between the continuous positive airway pressure and sham continuous positive airway pressure arms at any of the three time-points [unesterified cholesterol 0.01 mm, P > 0.05; cholesteryl linoleate: C18:2 0.05 mm, P > 0.05; cholesteryl arachidonate: C20:4 0.02 mm, P = 0.05; CE-O(O)H 2.5 nm, P > 0.05; and lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin E 0.03 μm, P > 0.05]. In this study, accumulating CE-O(O)H, a marker of lipid oxidation, does not appear to play a role in oxidative stress in obstructive sleep apnea.National Health and Medical Research Council project grant 30193

Learning machines or the key to care: a qualitative study exploring the impact of the hidden curriculum on medical students’ longitudinal experiences in primary care

Objective Longitudinal learning often faces implementation challenges within UK medical schools. Some have suggested that the hidden curriculum may be implicated, but there is little evidence regarding how the hidden curriculum influences student experiences of, and engagement with longitudinal learning. Given this, our objective was to explore the impact of the hidden curriculum on student experiences of a longitudinal curriculum based in primary care at a research-intensive medical school. Design We conducted a longitudinal qualitative study. Students participated in three serial, in-depth semistructured interviews. We conducted a longitudinal thematic analysis. Setting One research-intensive medical school based in the UK. Data collection occurred in 2021–2022. Participants 12 penultimate year medical students taking part in a longitudinal primary care placement for 1 day a week over the course of one academic year. Results We constructed four themes capturing insights on how hidden curricula influenced students’ experiences: (1) A culture which stresses assessment influences student engagement with longitudinal learning; (2) Longitudinal relationships can challenge the hidden curriculum; (3) Support and continuity within primary care improves skills and can influence belonging and (4) Logistical issues influence engagement with longitudinal learning. Conclusions The hidden curriculum, particularly related to assessment, plays a large role in student perceptions of educational value and subsequent engagement with curricula. In a research-intensive institution, longitudinal learning, particularly within primary care, was perceived as at odds with what was important for assessments. Where longitudinal relationships were successfully established, students became more aware of the benefits of person-centred practice. For primary care longitudinal education to succeed in more research-intensive institutions, there must first be advocacy for greater representation of primary care and person-centred values within organisational structures to ensure meaningful curricular alignment

Multi-Response Enhancement of Drilling Process Parameters for AM 60 Magnesium Alloy as per the Quality Characteristics utilizing Taguchi-Ranking Algorithm and ANOVA

: This investigation shows the improvement of Drilling parameters on AM-60 Mg alloy made with the help of Gravity Die Casting and with reactions upheld symmetrical cluster with Grey relational analysis - GRA. Which Focuses on the streamlining of Drilling constraints utilizing the system to get least surface Roughness (Ra), Tool Wear, Cutting Time, Power Requirement and Torque and Max MRR. Concentrates on the optimization of drilling constraints utilizing the procedure to get minimum surface roughness (Ra), Thrust Force, Burr size and Circularity Error. An amount of drilling experiments remained conducted mistreatment the L9 OA on CNC Machining Center. The trails remained achieved on Mg alloy block cutting tool of an ISO 460.1-1140-034A0-XM GC3 of 12 mm diameter with Tool Angle 140 degrees, used throughout the experimental work beneath dry cutting conditions. This experimental study results like Ra, TF, CE, and BZ were analyzed. GRA & ANOVA was utilized to effort out the principal essential Spindle speed, feed rate, Titanium Coated for Drill Bits (TiN, TiAN, TiCN) with 0.020 in Coating Thickness manipulating the Reaction. The essential and collaboration effect of the data influences on the ordinary responses remain analyzed. The standard qualities and projected values are truly near

Outcome of the Coating Thickness on the Tool Act and Process Parameters When Dry Turning Ti–6Al–4V Alloy: GRA Taguchi & ANOVA

In the primary days of Titanium Nitride tools, before coatings, tool manufacturers appreciated the tools would last elongate and scuffle cratering if they put a little bit of Titanium Nitride (TiN) in the combination when making the tool. This had the anticipated consequence, but the more TiN that was added, the feebler and more brittle the tool became. Then someone hit on the idea of applying a thin layer of TiN to the surface of the tool. This study results the Turning experiment conducted on the Ti–6Al–4V alloy of orthogonal array with Taughi grey relational analysis. Emphases on the optimization of turning process Constraints using the technique to get Min surface roughness (Ra), Roundness (s), Tool Wear and Cutting force in TIN with Different Coating Thickness by PVD Technique. A number of Turning experiments remained conducted mistreatment the L9 OA on All Gear Lathe. The experimentations remained achieved on Ti–6Al–4V alloy block of cutting tool of an CNMP120408-SM TN8025 of 12 mm diameter with cutting point 140 degrees, used throughout the experimental work beneath different Coating Thickness. Grey relational Analysis & ANOVA was used to work out the foremost important Cutting speed, feed rate, Depth of Cut and Different Coating Thickness of TIN with 50,100,150 μm by PVD Method which affecting the respons

Analysis of Product Quality Through Mechanical Properties and Determining Optimal Process Parameters of Untreated and Heat-Treated AISI 1050 Alloy during Turning Operation

AISI 1050 alloy has a wide range of applications and were subjected to machining operations. The purpose of the study is to find the optimum input plain turning process parameters at three levels, using L18 orthogonal array and grey relation analysis; and to investigate the mechanical and microscopic properties of the AISI 1050 alloy before (untreated, UT) and after annealing (AN) (heat-treatment, HT) process. The results of conducted experiments revealed the optimum process parameters as following for the untreated specimens: spindle speed at 3500 r.p.m., feed 0.08 mm/rev, depth of cut at 0.6 mm, insert corner radius at 4mm, and cutting fluid concentration at 12 %, are the most optimum conditions to obtain minimum power consumption for the untreated specimens. Whereas, a spindle speed at 3500 r.p.m., feed at 0.08 mm/rev, depth of cut at 0.6mm, insert corner radius at 4 mm, and cutting fluid concentration at 12 % are the optimum parameter values for the treated specimens