Physiological tolerance of the early life history stages of fresh water prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii De Man, 1879) to environmental stress

382-389The present study examines the effect of temperature and salinity on the larval development and survival of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The larvae showed 100 % mortality at higher temperature (33.5 ± 0.5 °C) in all the salinity conditions (12, 15, and 20 PPT). The survival rate varied between 76-96 % on exposure to lesser temperature conditions. Likewise, the post-embryonic yolk lasted for 4 days at ambient temperature (29 °C); whereas, at 33.5 ± 0.5 °C, it lasted only for 2-3 days. There was an increase in total length of larvae, when exposed to higher temperature and salinity. For the cardiac performance, larval heart beat (fH) significantly increased for higher temperature and salinity conditions (20 PPT; 33.5 °C) and lowered at ambient condition 12 PPT; 29 °C. Larval stroke volume Vs, Cardiac output (Qt) were higher in ambient conditions and lowest in higher temperature and salinity conditions. The larval activity decreased significantly at higher temperature and salinity conditions, compared to ambient conditions

PTTG: an important target gene for ovarian cancer therapy

Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG), also known as securin is an important gene involved in many biological functions including inhibition of sister chromatid separation, DNA repair, organ development, and expression and secretion of angiogenic and metastatic factors. Proliferating cancer cells and most tumors express high levels of PTTG. Overexpression of PTTG in vitro induces cellular transformation and development of tumors in nude mice. The PTTG expression levels have been correlated with tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Recent studies show that down regulation of PTTG in tumor cell lines and tumors in vivo results in suppression of tumor growth, suggesting its important role in tumorigenesis. In this review, we focus on PTTG structure, sub-cellular distribution, cellular functions, and role in tumor progression with suggestions on possible exploration of this gene for cancer therapy

Efficacy of zoledronic acid infusion on bone mineral density among adult population

Background: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterised by impaired bone strength due to reduced bone mineral density. As a consequence, patients with osteoporosis are at increased risk of fractures. Zoledronic acid is an anti-resorptive agent that acts by slowing down osteoclast medicated bone resorption, thereby increasing bone density. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Zoledronic acid on bone mineral density.Methods: This study was carried out as a record based cross sectional study among 30 symptomatic adult patients who visited the outpatient department of Orthopedics for a period of two years. Bone mineral density (BMD) parameters assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan were documented for initial period and after six months of intervention. Documentation of intervention with single dose of zoledronic acid 5 mg by intravenous infusion was verified and noted.Results: There was a significant difference in the mean scores for both femoral neck and lumbar spine with respect to BMD values and T-score values between baseline parameters and values measured after 6 months of Zoledronic acid infusion. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Single dose of zoledronic acid 5 mg by intravenous infusion was found to be effective in increasing the BMD among individuals suffering from osteopenia and osteoporosis

Simultaneous residual stress mapping of topcoat and TGO in APS TBC using combined micro-raman-PL spectroscopy

Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Simultaneous residual stress mapping of topcoat and TGO in APS TBC using combined micro-raman-PL spectroscopy

Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Preemptive Routing & Intrusion Detection for MANETs

An ad-hoc network will often change rapidly in topology, this courses for routes in the network to often disappear and new to arise. The Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol(AODV), is based on the principle of discover routes as needed. In this paper we will extend the definition of AODV with the ability to discover multiple routes to a host and switch between them, if an active route is becoming weak and there is a risk that it will disappear. We will refer to it as pre-emptive AOMDV . We will show that the performance of pre-emptive AOMDV do handle changes in topology better than AODV it self. To show the effect of extending AODV, the suggested protocol is implemented in a simulator. Performance enhancements will be presented from different scenarios, to compare pre-emptive AOMDV with the ordinary AODV. In this paper we also focus on intrusion detection based on Finite State Machine and cache memory in ad hoc networks. Security is one of the most important issues in current networks. The most common cases of attacks in mobile Ad hoc networks can be drop of routing packets and changes in the incoming packets which aims at disrupting the network routing and overall network reduce performance. The presented approach based on FSM focuses at recognizing the malicious nodes within the network in a fast and accurate way, then it deals with rapid introduction of the malicious nodes to other nodes in the network to prevent sending multiple packets and drop and packet change. Finally, we will show the significant improvement in comparison with others, we simulated our methods by NS2 software

An extensive computational approach to analyze and characterize the functional mutations in the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) protein responsible for classical galactosemia

Type I galactosemia is a very rare autosomal recessive genetic metabolic disorder that occurs because of the mutations present in the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) gene, resulting in a deficiency of the GALT enzyme. The action of the GALT enzyme is to convert galactose-1-phosphate and uridine diphosphate glucose into glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) and uridine diphosphate-galactose, a crucial second step of the Leloir pathway. A missense mutation in the GALT enzyme leads to variable galactosemia's clinical presentations, ranging from mild to severe. Our study aimed to employ a comprehensive computational pipeline to analyze the most prevalent missense mutations (p.S135L, p.K285 N, p.Q188R, and p.N314D) responsible for galactosemia; these genes could serve as potential targets for chaperone therapy. We analyzed the four mutations through different computational analyses, including amino acid conservation, in silico pathogenicity and stability predictions, and macromolecular simulations (MMS) at 50 ns The stability and pathogenicity predictors showed that the p.Q188R and p.S135L mutants are the most pathogenic and destabilizing. In agreement with these results, MMS analysis demonstrated that the p.Q188R and p.S135L mutants possess higher deviation patterns, reduced compactness, and intramolecular H-bonds of the protein. This could be due to the physicochemical modifications that occurred in the mutants p.S135L and p.Q188R compared to the native. Evolutionary conservation analysis revealed that the most prevalent mutations positions were conserved among different species except N314. The proposed research study is intended to provide a basis for the therapeutic development of drugs and future treatment of classical galactosemia and possibly other genetic diseases using chaperone therapy

ENHANCED PRODUCTION OF PSORALEN THROUGH ELICITORS TREATMENT IN ADVENTITIOUS ROOT CULTURE OF PSORALEA CORYLIFOLIA L.

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the effect of two elicitors namely Methyl Jasmonate (MeJ) and Salicylic acid (SA) on adventitious root production of Psoralea corylifolia L. as the elicitors and at different concentrations.Methods: Adventitious roots of P. corylifolia L. were treated with different concentration of elicitors such as MeJ (10, 20, 30 and 40 µM/l) and SA (50, 100, 150 and 200 µM/l) to enhance the psoralen contents. After the treatment, psoralen content was analyzed through the analytical HPLC experiments (Methanol: Water (50:50) at 0.8 ml/min-1 flow rate and the injection volume as 20 µl).Results: MeJ and SA treatments at the concentrations of 30 µM/l and 150 µM/l respectively were found to increase the net wet weight of adventitious root production to 8 fold at 8 hours of elicitor treatment periods. Further, the quantity of psoralen was determined from the elicitors (MeJ and SA) treated roots and mother plant through the analytical HPLC experiments in order to estimate the psoralen content and it was found as 3.73 mg/ml, 0.015 mg/ml and 0.56 mg/ml respectively.Conclusion: In the present study we achieved enhanced production of psoralen through abiotic elicitors (MeJ and SA) treatment and concluded that the MeJ at 30 µM/l concentration shows significant enhancement of psoralen production.Â