ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT AND VOLATILE OIL OF LAJA GOWAH RHIZOME (ALPINIA MALACCENSIS BURM.F.) ROSCOE) AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI

ABSTRACTObjective: Laja Gowah is one of the herbs that can be used to treat gastrointestinal problems. The aim of this research is characterization, phytochemicalscreening of simplex and extracts and testing antibacterial activity of ethanol extract and volatile oil of Laja Gowah rhizome against Staphylococcusaureus and Escherichia coli.Methods: Simplex were characterized, phytochemical screening, and extracted by percolation with ethanol 96% as solvent, and volatile oil wasextracted by steam distillation and the antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli carried out by agar diffusion method.Results: The characteristic of simplex were 7.50% for water content, water-soluble extract 29.69%, ethanol soluble extract 19.30%, total ash 3.97%,and acid insoluble ash 0.38%. The phytochemical screening of simplex and ethanol extract were showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids,glycosides, steroids/triterpenoids, and saponins. Antibacterial activity showed that ethanol extract and essential oils effective as antibacterial againstS. aureus and E. coli.Conclusion: Based on the analysis above, that shows that extract and volatile oils rhizome Laja Gowah provide effective activity as anti-bacteriaagainst S. aureus and E. coli.Keywords: Laja Gowah rhizome, Antibacterial, Ethanol extract, Volatile oil, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli

Combination of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaf extract with metformin on blood glucose and total cholesterol levels of albino rats induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, often accompanied by hypercholesterolemia. Metformin is a first-line antihyperglycemic drug that is often combined with other antihyperglycemic drugs. Purple sweet potato leaves have been widely studied to reduce glucose and cholesterol levels. Methods: This study was an experimental study using rats induced with a high-fat diet and streptozotocin, which were divided into 8 treatment groups, namely groups given CMC Na 0.5%, Metformin 45 mg/kg BW, Purple Sweet Potato Leaf Extract (SPLE) 200 mg/kg BW, SPLE 400 mg/kg BW, SPLE 800 mg/kg BW, SPLE 200 mg/kg BW with metformin 45 mg/kg BW, SPLE 400 mg/kg BW with metformin 45 mg/kg BW, and SPLE 800 mg/kg BW with metformin 45 mg/kg BW. Results: After treatment for 28 days with SPLE doses of 200 mg, 400 mg, and 800 mg/kg BW, both single doses and combinations with metformin showed a decrease in fasting blood glucose levels and total cholesterol, which were statistically significantly different (p<0.05) between treatment groups using the one-way ANOVA. The combination of SPLE 800 mg/kg BW with metformin normalized blood glucose levels of 93.50±4.93 mg/dl.Conclusion: The combination of purple sweet potato leaf extract with metformin is more effective in reducing blood glucose and total cholesterol levels compared to the single administration of metformin and SPLE

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF FRACTIONS FROM SAMBUNG RAMBAT (MICANIA CORDATA) LEAF

Objective: The present study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of various fractions from Sambung Rambat leaf (Micania cordata) using ethyl acetate, hexane, and water solvent as the solvent.Methods: Investigation of phytochemical compound was using standard phytochemical screening method, while the anti-inflammatory was using the carrageenan-induced paw edema method in animal (rats) model.Results: The phytochemical screening showed that the fractions of M. cordata had a lot of phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, and saponins. Anti-inflammatory assessment showed that the strongest activity of anti-inflammatory produced by ethyl acetate fraction with 200 mg/kg BW dose.Conclusion: This investigation could be concluded that ethyl acetate fraction of M. cordata might be a potential for the treatment of inflammatory

Effect of Saurauia vulcani Korth. Leaves on Superoxide Dismutase, HbA1c Levels and Insulin Expression in Hyperglycemic Rats

AIM: This study aimed to investigate Saurauia vulcani Korth. leaves. the activity of ethanol extract in hypoglycemic, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and detection of insulin expression by immunochemistry METHODS: Saurauia vulcani Korth. Leaves powder was extracted by maceration method with ethanol 96%. The extract was administrated orally in doses of 100 mg/kg BW for 27 days. Diabetes was induced in rats by administered of Nicotinamide (NA) 230 mg/kg BW and streptozotocin (STZ) 65 mg/kg BW. Level of blood glucose, SOD, HbA1c were measured, and histopathology pancreas was observed to determine insulin expression with immunochemistry RESULTS: Ethanol extract of Saurauia vulcani Korth. Leaves (EESL) shown a significantly (*p < 0.05) reduced in blood glucose levels at 104.25 ± 2.562 mg/dL and HbA1c level at 32.53 ± 0.188 ng/mL, but increased SOD level at 60.64 ± 0.740 pg/mL and histopathology study shown secretion insulin as seen number of expressions of insulin / slice 31.00 ± 0.315. CONCLUSION: The result of this study showed EESL possess the hypoglycemic activity and increase the level of SOD but decrease the level of HbA1c in diabetic rat condition. The mechanism of the activity is suggested by stimulating the insulin secretion of pancreas β-cells which were damaged

TOTAL PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL FRACTION OF PICRIA FEL-TERRAE (LOUR.) HERBS

Objective: To evaluate total phenolic, flavonoid content (TFC and TPC) andantioxidant activity of ethyl acetate fraction (ETF) of Picria fel-terrae Lour. herbs.Methods: TPC and TFC in ETF were determined by Folin–Ciocalteu and colorimetric methods, and antioxidant activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method.Results: ETF was found to contain low levels of phenolic (17.71±1.26 mg gallic acid equivalent/g), total flavonoid (14.43±0.03 mg quercetin equivalents/g). Antioxidant activity from DPPH assay was measured as inhibitory concentration 25.72±0.13 μg/mL.Conclusions: The results reveal that ETF of P. fel-terrae Lour. herbs has strong antioxidant activity. Our further study is to the isolation of compounds which responsible for antioxidant components

ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF Î’-SITOSTEROL FROM PLECTRANTHUS AMBOINICUS (LOUR. SPRENG.) LEAVES: IN VITRO AND IN SILICO STUDIES

Objective: β-sitosterol is the steroid compound which is an important nutrient in the diet meal, hydrophobic and soluble in organic solvents and considered as a good biomarker due to its biological activity.Methods: In vitro study was using 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide method towards T47D, MCF-7, HeLa, and WiDr cell lines. In silico docking using PLANTS program and visualized by Yasara program. The model of three dimension enzyme structures used in this research were epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α), ER-beta (ER-β), and human EGFR 2 (HER-2). Two and three dimensions of β-sitosetrol, ZSTK474, and tamoxifen as the standard were generated using Marvin Sketch program.Results: β-sitosterol was found to have inhibitory concentration 50% of 0.55; 0.87; 0.76, and 0.99 mM. β-sitosterol and ZSTK474 were inhibited EGFR and PI3K with docking score −92.8195; −91.7920 and −91.7470; −94.7491 β-sitosterol and tamoxifen were inhibited ER-α, ER-β and HER-2 with docking score −78.5570; −89.535, −68.7717; −52.008 and −90.4908; −50.5576, respectively.Conclusion: Based on the results above that shows β-sitosterol provide effective as anticancer.Â

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN LEGUNDI (Vitextrifolia L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus epidermidis

Legundi leaves (Vitextrifolia L.) contain flavonoid compounds, alkaloids and saponins, tannins, steroids/triterpenoidsthatact as antiseptic substancesandaid in the wound healing process. Staphylococcusepidermidis (Gram positive) is a mild skin infection-causing bacteria that accompanies the formation of abscesses. As for the purpose of this study To know the absence of antibacterial activity from concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% legundileaf extractagainst Staphylococcus epidermid is bacteria and know the effective concentration of legunleaf extract in in hibiting the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. This research methoduses experimental methods and legundileaf extract with concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%. The resultsshowedthatconcentrationsof 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% of legundileaf ethanol extract had antibacterial activity against the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidisindicated with a blockable zone diameter of 8 mm, 8.84 mm, 9.84 mm, 10.54 mm, respectively. Base dont here search that has beendone can be concluded that legundileaf extractcan inhibit the growth of bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis, because around the discpaperthere is a clear zone that indicates the absence of bacterial growth

KARAKTERISASI DAN SKRINING FITOKIMIA SERTA ANALISIS FLAVONOID DARI BUAH MENGKUDU (Morindacitrifolia L) SECARA KROMATOGRAFI LAPIS TIPIS

Noni fruit (Morindacitrifolia L.) is a medicinal plant that is well known by the people in Indonesia. Noni is efficacious as an immune enhancer, normalizes blood pressure, anti-cancer, analgesic, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, stroke, antimicrobial. To know the characteristics of simplicia and the class of compounds from the noni fruit as well as to analyze the flavonoid compounds contained in the noni fruit using the thin layer chromatography method. The flavonoid compounds were extracted by maceration using ethanol solvent and then the ethanol extract was tested by thin-layer chromatography using 1% HCl mobile phase and spotting with 1 N H2SO4 reagent and methanol pa (1: 1% v/v). Result of simplicia characterization of fruit Noni, obtained 1.32% water content, 38.41 % water soluble extract content, 16.7% ethanol soluble extract content, 6.09% total ash content, and 0.45 acid insoluble ash content. %. Noni fruit simplicia contains chemical compounds of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids/steroids, anthraquinones, saponins with phytochemical screening tests. The value of Rf from the analysis of noni fruit flavonoid compounds using the Thin Layer Chromatography method with 3 repetitions is 0.75; 0.68 and 0.62. This indicates the presence of flavonoid compounds in the noni fruit