Physical activity, evaluation of menopause, life satisfaction and influence tactics in marriage of perimenopausal women

background Domination of the biomedical approach to menopause may imply creation of negative attitudes to the phenomenon, and at the same time negatively affect women’s life satisfaction and behaviour in the family. It is assumed that physical activity may be a defensive factor, as this type of activity may reduce the intensity of menopause symptoms. The aim of the research was to determine the relation between menopause evaluation, life satisfaction and tactics of influence employed in marriage by women who differ in involvement in physical exercise. participants and procedure The research was conducted among 90 women, at the age of 45-55: 45 physically active women and 45 women who do not engage in any physical activity. The following research methods were used: the Menopause Evaluation Scale, the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) and the Questionnaire of Influence in Close Relations of Women and Men. results Positive evaluation of menopause was related to involvement in physical exercise as well as to a stronger tendency to use positive strategies of exerting influence on one’s spouse. The research also showed a slight correlation between life satisfaction and involvement in physical exercise. Negative evaluation of menopause was related to avoiding physical activity. conclusions Physical activity is more frequently related to a positive attitude towards menopause and the use of more positive tactics of exerting influence on one’s spouse, and slightly positively conducive to one’s life satisfaction level

Przynależność generacyjna, płeć psychologiczna, postawy wobec miłości a style użytkowania Facebooka przez młodych dorosłych

Powszechne korzystanie z mediów społecznościowych przez osoby będące w okresie wczesnej dorosłości umożliwia nabywanie doświadczeń w rzeczywistości wirtualnej, które mogą oddziaływać na romantyczne relacje, dlatego też zdecydowano się na zbadanie związków między stylami użytkowania Facebooka, postawami wobec miłości a płcią psychologiczną. W celu zweryfikowania powyższych związków przeprowadzono badania pośród 200 osób będących w romantycznych relacjach należących do generacji Y oraz Z. W badaniu wykorzystano Kwestionariusz Intensywności Użytkowania Facebooka (Kuś, Szulżycki, 2014), Inwentarz do Oceny Płci Psychologicznej (Kuczyńska, 1992) oraz Skalę Postaw wobec Miłości (Love Attitudes Scale; Hendrick, Hendrick, 1986). Wykazano istnienie różnic generacyjnych w zakresie użytkowania Facebooka oraz kobiecości. Jednak postawy wobec miłości nie różnicowały osób należących do generacji Y i Z. Uzyskane rezultaty wskazały natomiast na istnienie wyższego związku między preferowaniem określonych stylów użytkowania Facebooka a postawami wobec miłości pośród przedstawicieli generacji Y. The common use of social media by young adults makes it possible for them to acquire experience in virtual reality which may have an impact on romantic relationships, that is why I decided to investigate the relation between styles of Facebook use, attitudes to love, and gender. To realize the aim, research was conducted on 200 representatives of Generation Y and Generation Z who were in romantic relationships. In the research, the following tools were used: The Intensity of Facebook Use Scale (Kuś, Szulżycki, 2014), The Gender Evaluation Inventory (Kuczyńska, 1992), and The Love Attitudes Scale (Hendrick, Hendrick, 1986). The analysis of the research results showed generational differences in Facebook use and femininity. There are no significant differences between Generation Y and Generation Z in attitudes to love. However, there is a relation between styles of Facebook use and attitudes to love among representatives of Generation Y

Generational Membership and the Intensity of Social Media use Among Young Adults

Young adults use social media to realize both social and educational goals. The aim of the study is to investigate whether there are any differences in the intensity of Facebook use between Generation Y and Generation Z. In addition, the size of friend networks has been analyzed. The Questionnaire of the Intensity of Facebook Use (Kuś, & Szulżycki, 2014) was used. The study was conducted in a group of 100 persons, 50 representatives of Generation Y and 50 representatives of Generation Z. The results show that there are generational differences in the intensity of Facebook use. It is shown that having a large number of friends is related to the way in which Facebook is used among representatives of Generation Y

Płeć psychologiczna, sprawczość i wspólnotowość, aktywność sportowa oraz taktyki wywierania wpływu w bliskich związkach kobiet w środkowym okresie dorosłości

Celem badania było określenie związków między płcią psychologiczną, sprawczością i wspólnotowością, aktywnością sportową, poczuciem satysfakcji z życia, oceną menopauzy oraz taktykami wywierania wpływu w bliskich związkach u kobiet w wieku perimenopauzalnym. Badaniami objęto 100 kobiet w wieku 45-55 lat: 50 aktywnie uprawiających sport i 50 niepodejmujących aktywności fizycznej. Zastosowano metody: Inwentarz do oceny Płci Psychologicznej (Kuczyńska, 1992), Skalę do pomiaru orientacji sprawczej i wspólnotowej (Wojciszke, Szlendak, 2010), Skalę Satysfakcji z Życia (Diener i in., 1985), Skalę Oceny Menopauzy (Bielawska-Batorowicz, 2005) oraz Kwestionariusz wywierania wpływu w bliskich związkach kobiet i mężczyzn (Mandal, 2014a). Rezultaty pokazały, że pośród kobiet niepodejmujących aktywności sportowej najliczniejszą grupę stanowiły kobiety o nieokreślonej płci psychologicznej. Kobiety aktywne sportowo były bardziej sprawcze i posiadały wyższą tendencję do korzystania z taktyk: Argumentowanie i prośby, Autorytet własny, Romantyzm i niespodzianki oraz Ciche dni i fochy. Preferowanie miękkich taktyk wywierania wpływu wiązało się z pozytywnym stosunkiem do menopauzy, zaś preferowanie taktyk twardych związane było z oceną negatywną

Teachers’ mental health during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland

Background: Teaching work is stressful, moreover during the pandemic teachers’ stress might have been intensified by distance education as well as by limited access to social support, which functions as a buffer in experiencing stress. The aim of the research was to investigate the relation between distance education and teachers’ well-being, and their close relations and other social relations during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The research was conducted in two stages on 285 Polish primary and secondary school teachers who were recruited by means of the chain referral method. The following measures were used: The Depression Anxiety & Stress Scales-21, Berlin Social Support Scales, The Relationship Satisfaction Scale and The Injustice Experience Questionnaire. Results: The teachers experienced at least mild levels of stress, anxiety and depression, both during the first as well as the second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. It has been confirmed that there is a negative relation between relationship quality change and social relations quality change, and stress, anxiety and depression. The variables taken into consideration in the research have provided the explanation for the variation of stress - from 6% in the first stage of the research to 47% in the second stage; for the variation of anxiety - from 21% to 31%; and for the variation of depression - from 12% to 46%, respectively. Conclusions: The research results show that due to distance work the distinction between professional work and family life might have been blurred, and as a consequence teachers’ well-being could have been worsened. The isolation put on to stop the spreading of the virus might have contributed to changes in social relations, in close relations in particular, and at the same time negatively influenced teachers’ abilities to effectively cope with the crisis situations

The impact of the traditional male role norms on the posttraumatic stress disorder among Polish male firefighters

Background The aim of this study was to explore potential associations between compliance with the traditional male role norms and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Methods The study was conducted on 135 male Polish firefighters. The study used the Impact Event Scale-Revised, the Relations/Social Support Scale and the Male Role Norms Scale. Results The study revealed that the firefighters that suffered from probable PTSD (over 34% of all the respondents) seemed to comply with the male role norms more strictly than those without PTSD. The reverse was found to be true for the perceived social support. Social status norms and toughness norms understood as expectations that men should achieve high status by means of successful career, etc., and be tough and resilient at all costs to be perceived as “manly” were found to be positively associated with the development of PTSD, while in the case of perceived social support, a negative association was confirmed. The results might yield important clinical implications—traditional male role norms pertaining to toughness and social status might be associated with the increase in chances of developing PTSD after the exposure to potentially traumatic events. Conclusions Firefighting as a stereotypically masculine occupation may be associated with the reinforcement of stereotypically masculine behaviors, which in turn is associated with a decreased ability to cope with potentially traumatic stimuli and favoring maladaptive behaviors. The results might suggest that addressing the beliefs about masculinity during psychological intervention in the case of PTSD might be beneficial especially among such masculinized groups as firefighters. The main limitations of the study are: participation of those more eager to participate and reveal personal information; the recall and report bias; the relatively small sample size; sociodemographic data omissions; the study group almost exclusively consisting of firefighters from large urban centers

Exploring the roles of daily spiritual experiences, self-efficacy, and gender in shopping addiction : a moderated mediation model

Although spirituality has been considered a protective factor against shopping addiction, the mechanisms involved in this relationship are still poorly recognized. The present study aims to test the association of daily spiritual experiences, self-efficacy, and gender with shopping addiction. The sample consisted of 430 young adults (275 women and 155 men), with a mean age of 20.44 (SD = 1.70). The Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale were used to measure the study variables. The results showed that: (1) Daily spiritual experiences had a direct negative effect on shopping addiction; (2) daily spiritual experiences were positively related to self-efficacy, thought the effect was moderated by gender; (3) self-efficacy negatively correlated with a shopping addiction; and (4) the indirect effect of daily spiritual experiences on shopping addiction through self-efficacy was significant for women but insignificant for men. The findings confirm that spirituality protects young adults against developing a shopping addiction. They also suggest that when introducing spiritual issues into shopping addiction prevention or treatment programs, the gender-specific effects of spirituality on shopping addiction via self-efficacy should be considered to adequately utilize young women’s and men’s spiritual resources

The buffering effect of spirituality at work on the mediated relationship between job demands and turnover intention among teachers

The purpose of this study was to examine whether spirituality at work moderates the direct and indirect (through burnout) effects of quantitative and emotional job demands on turnover intention among teachers. The sample consisted of 952 Polish primary and secondary school teachers. Burnout mediated the relationship between both types of job demands and turnover intention. In the model with quantitative job demands as an independent variable, spirituality at work moderated the second stage path of the indirect effect, i.e., the relationship between burnout and turnover intention (b = −0.022; SE = 0.004; p < 0.001; β = −0.14). In the model with emotional job demands as an independent variable, spirituality at work moderated the first and second stage paths of the indirect effect, i.e., the relationship between emotional job demands and burnout (b = −0.001; SE = 0.001; p = 0.032; β = −0.05) and the relationship between burnout and turnover intention (b = −0.020; SE = 0.004; p < 0.001; β = −0.14). In both models, the indirect effect of job demands on turnover intention through burnout weakened as spirituality at work increased. The results of the study support the inclusion of spirituality at work as a subcategory of personal resources in studies using the job demands-resources model

Physical activity, evaluation of menopause, life satisfaction and influence tactics in marriage of perimenopausal women

Background Domination of the biomedical approach to menopause may imply creation of negative attitudes to the phenomenon, and at the same time negatively affect women’s life satisfaction and behaviour in the family. It is assumed that physical activity may be a defensive factor, as this type of activity may reduce the intensity of menopause symptoms. The aim of the research was to determine the relation between menopause evaluation, life satisfaction and tactics of influence employed in marriage by women who differ in involvement in physical exercise. Participants and procedure The research was conducted among 90 women, at the age of 45-55: 45 physically active women and 45 women who do not engage in any physical activity. The following research methods were used: the Menopause Evaluation Scale, the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) and the Questionnaire of Influence in Close Relations of Women and Men. Results Positive evaluation of menopause was related to involvement in physical exercise as well as to a stronger tendency to use positive strategies of exerting influence on one’s spouse. The research also showed a slight correlation between life satisfaction and involvement in physical exercise. Negative evaluation of menopause was related to avoiding physical activity. Conclusions Physical activity is more frequently related to a positive attitude towards menopause and the use of more positive tactics of exerting influence on one’s spouse, and slightly positively conducive to one’s life satisfaction level