Synthesis And Characterization Of Gel Polymer Electrolyte And Zinc Oxide For Photoelectrochemical Cell

This project is divided into three sections: preparation and characterization of gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) based on commercial agar; synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles powders zinc oxide (ZnO); and fabrication of photoelectrochemical cell (PEC). The GPE was prepared by dissolving agar powder in glycerol. Various concentrations of ammonium iodide and iodine were added to the agar paste until an optimum conductivity was reached. The optimum conductivity of (2.64 ± 0.19) x 10-3 S cm-1 was obtained from a sample of agar paste with 1.0 M NH4I and 0.2 μM I2 (A1.0N0.2I). The A1.0N0.2I had the lowest viscosity values of (1.17 ± 0.29) Pa s. All GPEs showed Arrhenius behavior with the lowest activation energy value of 0.25 eV for A1.0N0.2I. A1.0N0.2I also showed good physical appearance

Characterization and performance of rice husk as additive in green ceramic water filter fabricated by slip-casting

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the using of rice husk (RH) which is a green material derived from agricultural waste with the ability to absorb heavy metal. It has been used in wastewater treatment. In this research, a kaolin-based green ceramic water filter (CWF) incorporated with two different additives (RH and zeolite-based RH ash [RHA]) was successfully fabricated. Design/methodology/approach The weight ratio of kaolin:additive was varied (90:10, 80:20 and 70:30) and fabricated via the slip-casting technique. The green CWFs were dried (60°C for 1 h), followed by sintering (1,200°C). Findings The green CWF of kaolin:RH with a weight ratio of 70:30 showed the best properties and satisfactory performance with a porous cross-section microstructure, highest porous area (4.58 µm2), good structure, lowest shrinkage (8.00%), highest porosity (45.10%), lowest density (1.79 g cm−3), highest water absorption (55.50%) and hardness (241.40 Hv). This green CWF has also achieved good permeability (42.00 L m−2h−1) and removal of the textile dye (27.88%). The satisfactory characterization and good textile dye removal performance (75.47%) were also achieved from green CWF with kaolin:zeolite at a weight ratio of 80:20. Research limitations/implications This research is focused on green CWF and zeolite at a certain amount with the specific characterization analysis methods. Practical implications The use of low-cost waste materials to treat dye wastewater from agricultural by-products/wastes sources in treating the dye will enhance the using of green material. Social implications Avoiding the waste sludge that can pollute the environment can create a health issue. The use of low-cost waste materials to treat dye wastewater from agricultural by-products/wastes sources in treating the dye can avoid the waste sludge that can pollute the environment and create serious health issue. Originality/value All the kaolin-based green CWFs incorporated with two different additives (RH and zeolite-based RHA) fabricated using a simple slip-casting technique have shown the potential to be used as a filter in wastewater treatment applications

Characterization and performance of porous photocatalytic ceramic membranes coated with TiO2 via different dip-coating routes

Porous photocatalytic ceramic membranes have been extensively used for separation and purification processes. This study investigates the characterization and performance of porous ceramic membranes coated with TiO2. The flat sheet membranes were prepared via phase inversion. The membranes were dipcoated in different concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticle suspensions (0.01, 0.03 and 0.05 wt%) before sintering or after the sintering process. The ceramic membranes coated with 0.03 wt% TiO2 before sintering at showed excellent morphology with a porous top, dense bottom, and the cross section showed strong adhesion of the penetrated TiO2-coated layer on the surface and within the pores. This membrane exhibited the lowest surface roughness (0.05 lm) and optimum physical properties, permeation of pure water flux (128.28 L m-2 h-1 ), rejection rate (86.06%), better antifouling (highest normalized flux ratio) and self-cleaning performance through increased humic acid rejection flux (94.32 L m-2 h-1 ) and rejection rate (98.56%) subsequent to exposure to UV light. All of the membranes coated with different concentrations of TiO2 prior to the sintering process showed uniform, homogenous coating with enhanced properties and performance. This can be related to the good penetration of TiO2 nanoparticles and better absorption by the membrane structure. The accumulation of closely tied TiO2 nanoparticle suspension on the surface of membranes coated after sintering has essentially blocked the membrane surface and pores which might concurrently explained their reduced performance

Chitosan–ammonium acetate–ethylene carbonate membrane for proton batteries

AbstractProton-conducting membranes were prepared using a solution-casting technique. The highest membrane conductivity of (3.83±0.73)×10−3Scm−1 was achieved in chitosan acetate–50wt.% ammonium acetate–70wt.% ethylene carbonate. The batteries were fabricated with a configuration of Zn+ZnSO4·7H2O‖chitosan membrane‖MnO2 and Zn+ZnSO4·7H2O‖chitosan membrane‖V2O5. The cathode materials produced open circuit voltages of 1.60 and 1.27V using manganese (IV) oxide (MnO2) and vanadium (IV) oxide (V2O5), respectively. The discharge capacities of the batteries were 45.0 and 34.7mAh using MnO2 and V2O5 cathode at 1.0mA, respectively. The maximum power densities were 1.83mWcm−2 for the battery with MnO2 and 1.36mWcm−2 for the battery with V2O5 cathode

Comparison between commercial and synthesised nano flower-like rutile TiO2 immobilised on green super adsorbent towards dye wastewater treatment

The combination of a semiconductor metal oxide with green low-cost adsorbent materials has prompted the emergence of new natural resources having higher efficiency for treating dye wastewater. This study investigated the characterisation and performance of synthesised nano flower-like rutile TiO2 (FeTiO2) via the facile hydrothermal method and sintered commercial TiO2 (CeTiO2). Both CeTiO2 and FeTiO2 were immobilised on green super adsorbent basil seed. The details of the structural properties were analysed by Rietveld refinement and the deconvolution method to verify the purity. The synthesised F eTiO2 immobilised on basil seed (BeFeTiO2) was found to have optimum physical and morphology properties. Kinetic and equilibrium studies illustrated that the adsorption behaviour of BeFeTiO2 could be better described by pseudo-second-order kinetic (chemisorption). The maximum uptake capacity (49.47 mg g 1) with the highest removal of methylene blue (98.95%) was obtained at an equilibrium time of 180 min following photocatalysis and self-cleaning. A large antibacterial ring area (1.83 mm2) was also obtained from BeFeTiO2. The removal of methylene blue dye for BeFeTiO2 increased as the recycle times increased (3 times) due to the increase of the surface area exposed to methylene blue as the weight of BeFeTiO2 immobilised on basil seed decreased. This demonstrates that BeFeTiO2 provides better potential to apply as a multifunction green super adsorbent for dye wastewater treatment compared to B eCeTiO2

Self-cleaning antifouling performance based on the surface area of flower-like tio2 as additive for PSf mixed matrix membrane

The photocatalytic polymer mixed matrix membrane (MMM) has been widely used for the separation and purification process. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of structural TiO2 (synthetic TiO2 (ST), flower-like TiO2-100 (FLT-100), and flower-like TiO2-600 (FLT-600)) based on the total surface area for the efficient self-cleaning antifouling property. The asymmetric MMMs were fabricated using the phase inversion process with a different type of structural TiO2 as additive. As a result, the addition of synthesized FLT, especially FLT-100, has influenced the hydrophilicity and surface roughness of the MMM. From the powder analysis, FLT-100 exhibits the highest total surface area with 37.25 m2/g and strongly affects the self-cleaning antifouling performance of the MMM. This membrane produced the highest self-cleaning efficiency (68.8%) compared to FLT-600 (58%) and ST (39.8%) after UV exposure, thus, indicates in a better self-cleaning antifouling property that offers the potential to be considered for commercialization in reducing the maintenance cost by using both physical and chemical cleaning method that becomes a problem in membrane technologies

Fundamental of Entrepreneurship (ETR300) : Wynas Daycare Centre/ Winnie Tiong Maurice... [et al.]

To be successful in the world of business, one must dare to venture and take risks. Our group decided to venture into the business world as a service provider, which is to set up a nursery. As more and more parents are working, the demands for someone to take care of their children are increasingly high too. Now, there are many cases of children trafficking, being abused or kidnapped and the list goes on, by their nannies or babysitters. This has caused parents to search for other alternatives and that is by sending their children to a nursery. There are many nurseries due to parents' demands. So, to make this business a real success, all aspects of running the business are necessary and they are administration, marketing, operational and financial which are the backbone of the company. The administration is responsible on all aspects of office planning, manpower planning and to draw up the administrative budget. The administration is also required to set up goals and strategies into making the realization of the company. It is the duty of the marketing section to plan and execute the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individuals and the organizational objectives. All of those items are carefully analyzed in order to gain more profit. Under operational, proper planning and management of the company's operation is to ensure that it is able to produce a quality service as demanded by customers effectively and efficiently. The financial section is responsible for the organizational capital, the trading, profit and loss, the balance sheet and the cash flow of the company. Finally, it is with sincere hope that these guidelines act as an assistant into accepting our business plan

Synthesizing of zeolite particle using alkaline plant extract

The study explored the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite using kaolin clay precursor in the presence of three different solvents namely; garlic extract, watermelon extract and 2M NaOH solution, with the view of testing their efficacy and potency for green synthesis. Before the zeolitization, the kaolin precursor was activated at a temperature of 850°C to produce metakaolin. The crystallization was achieved in an oven at a temperature of 90°C for 12 hours. The final product is grounded to a fine powder and subsequently undergo testing and characterization. The purity and grade of the synthesized products vary accordingly with the suitability of the reaction solvent. The synthesized product using a solvent of watermelon plant extract was able to produce zeolite LTA of a good grade. However, the presence of secondary phases informed the effect of the accompanied impurities that might originate from the kaolin precursor or the solvent. The result also portrays the possibility of obtaining a well crystalline zeolite from the Malaysian kaolin without using any structural directing agent or chemical solvents