Toleransi Beberapa Genotipe Padi Umur Pendek Terhadap Pasokan Air Terbatas

Field and screen house experiments were conducted in 2009 in Indramayu and Sukamandi. The field experiments was carried out at farmer\u27s field in the Cilandak village, Anjatan District, Indramayu Regency from May to October 2009. Nine rice genotypes (AS996, OM5240, BP5478-2F-KN-11-2-B, Inpari 10, Inpari 1, Silugonggo, dan Dodokan) were tested. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were: (a) fully irrigated (100% irrigated); (b) half-dry (75% irrigated), irrigation water was given until one month after planting, followed with weekly irrigation until crop harvest, and (c) dry (50% irrigated), irrigation water was given until one month after planting, then no more irrigation was given until harvest. The plant characters observed were: percentage of empty grain per panicle, grain weight per unit area, drought sensitivity index (S), and genotype superiority index (Pi). The screenhouse experiment was conducted in pots at the Rice Research Institute, Sukamandi, from July to October 2009, arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The rice genotypes tested were the same as those in the field trial, The treatments wer three categories of water supply, namely minimum (4,000 m3/ha/season), optimal (5,500 m3/ha/season) and excessive (7,000 m3/ha/season). The plant characters observed were: grain weight (g/pot), percentage of filled grains/panicle, plant height, and age of flowering. The results showed that water stress during flowering stage increased percentage of empty grains from 25.6% to 34.3% and decreased grain yields from 11.3% to 23.2%. Genotypes AS996, OM5240, and BP5478-2F-KN-11-2-B were tolerant to drought, and gave higher yields than Inpari 10, Inpari 1, Silugonggo, and Dodokan. Under drought stress conditions, when the drought conditions were not extreme with soil moistures of 41.3% to 51.7%, yields of the three genotypes were not significantly tolerances from those under the normal condition (6.66 to 7.27 t/ha). Besides drought tolerant, genotypes AS996 and OM5240 were also efficient in using water during the crop growth

Keragaman Karakter Varietas Lokal Padi Pasang Surut Kalimantan Selatan

Artificial mutation could be used in the formation of base population for selection. Local varieties which have a wide distance of relationship are expected to have a greater opportunity for obtaining more diverse offspring. The purpose of this study was to select five distinct local tidal swamp rice varieties of South Kalimantan that could be used for parental mutation. The study was conducted from March to December 2009. The distance of varietal relationship was estimated by cluster analysis using the SPSS Programme Version 11.5. Selection of the five best varieties was carried out by the Exponential Rank Method (ERM) applying 7 criteria, namely plant height, number of panicles, panicle length, grain weight/panicle, number of grains/panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and grain yield. Results of the cluster analysis based on a 82.5% similarity level showed that diversities of the 40 accessions of local tidal swamp rice in South Kalimantan were spread in four clusters, namely Cluster I (13 varieties), Cluster II (1 varieties), Cluster III (6 varieties) , and Cluster IV (20 varieties). Five varieties that were selected based on the cluster analysis and the ERM were Siam Harli, Siam Unus (Bumi Makmur), Siam Kuatek, Datu, dan Siam Unus (Barambai)

Analisis Stabilitas Hasil Gabah Galur-galur Padi Melalui Pendekatan Parametrik Dan Nonparametrik

The failure of a genotype to perform relatively the same in different environments is defined as the interaction Genotype x Environment (G x E interaction). The existence of G x E is often causing breeders facing difficulty to select superior genotypes to be tested further. Efforts to quantify the interaction between the average yields of genotype with environment can be done by parametric and nonparametric approaches. Experiments were conducted at 16 sites in dry season of 2008 and 2009. A total of 14 rice genotypes were tested using randomized complete block design. Combined analyses of variances of 16 sites showed highly significant effects of locations, genotypes, and genotypes x locations. Parametric stability analysis using the coefficient of variability (CVi) showed 6 lines (BP1808-1F-25, BP1352-1G-KN, IR76510-24-3, BP1178-2F-26, OM 5240, OM 1490) were stable. Based on parametric analysis of variance stability (Sv), however only 3 lines namely BP1808-1F-25, S4616-PN-7-3, and IR76510-24-3 were stable. Cultivar superiority method of parametric stability showed that BP1808-1F-25, OM 5240 and OM 1490 were stable, while OM4495 was stable based on Nassar and Huehn nonparametric methods. Results of Spearman's correlation analysis showed that between CVi and Sv, and CVi and Pi were significantly correlated with r = 0.556, and r = 0.560, respectively. It indicated that those three stability parameters had equal strength for determining the stability of the lines or cultivars tested. Based on the three stability approaches BP1808-1F-25 was considered as stable line, while check cultivar Dodokan was unstable. Parametric stability was found more accurate than nonparametric ones, when assumption of the data distribution was fulfilled

Identifikasi Varietas Contoh Untuk Karakter Penciri Spesifik Sebagai Penunjang Harmonisasi Pengujian BUSS Padi

DUS testing (distinctness, uniformity, stability) for a new variety is required for plant variety protection, using International standard method stated on the test guideline. Identification of specific traits needs to be done, in order to obtain stable characters that are valid to be used as standard variety to represent appearance of class-specific characters. This study aims to 1) evaluate specific/asteric characters (*) according to UPOV descriptors; 2) Identify genotypes that can be used as standard varieties for the appearance of specific characters in the process of harmonization of DUS testing among rice producing countries in Southeast Asia. Activities included characterization of 56 genotypes of irrigated and upland rice and were carried out at the Experimental Station of Indonesian Center for Rice Research in Sukamandi, West Java, from September 2011 to January 2012. Observation of plant characters was based on PPU. The result showed that from 43 of class expression of asteric qualitative characters (*), only 28 class expressions were identified in the materials. The characters class expressions are represented by 25 genotypes/varieties. Another eleven more characters asteric (character essential for the harmonization of test results for the PVP), which were not represented by the candidate sample varieties in this study need to identified

Interaksi Genotipe X Lingkungan Untuk Hasil Gabah Padi Sawah

Grain yield of rice is determined by genotype (G), environment (E), and interaction between genotype x environment (G x E). Variety can achieve its maximum yield potential if it is grown in suitable environments. This study was aimed to determine the adaptability and the yield stability of rice genotypes grown in different environments. Sixteen rice genotypes were tested using RBD in 16 sites during the wet season of 2010/2011, and dry season of 2011. The tested rice lines were developed for resistance to pest and diseases. The experiment unit was 4 m x 5 m of plot, plants were fertilized with urea, SP36, and KCl at rates of 250 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha, and 100 kg/ha, respectively. Variable observed was grain yield per plot. Combined analyses of variance showed that there was no lines yielded higher than did check variety Conde. The AMMI analysis showed that the largest variation was contributed by the environment factors (76.49%), genotype x environment interactions (17.55%), and the smallest was contributed by the genotypes (5.97%). Data exploration using boxplot method indicated that the low contribution of the genotype x environment interaction variance in this study was due to the high degree of similarity of yield potentials among the genotypes, and due to high similarity of environmental conditions of the sites.Based on the analysis of AMMI 2, lines B12743 - MR-18-2-3-8, IPB107-F-82-2-1, and Conde was each classified as widely adapted genotypes, while G8, IPB107-F-27-6-1, and BIO111-2-BC-PIR-3714, each was considered as genotype having a specific adaptation

Novel Quinazolinone MJ-29 Triggers Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Intrinsic Apoptosis in Murine Leukemia WEHI-3 Cells and Inhibits Leukemic Mice

The present study was to explore the biological responses of the newly compound, MJ-29 in murine myelomonocytic leukemia WEHI-3 cells in vitro and in vivo fates. We focused on the in vitro effects of MJ-29 on ER stress and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic death in WEHI-3 cells, and to hypothesize that MJ-29 might fully impair the orthotopic leukemic mice. Our results indicated that a concentration-dependent decrease of cell viability was shown in MJ-29-treated cells. DNA content was examined utilizing flow cytometry, whereas apoptotic populations were determined using annexin V/PI, DAPI staining and TUNEL assay. Increasing vital factors of mitochondrial dysfunction by MJ-29 were further investigated. Thus, MJ-29-provaked apoptosis of WEHI-3 cells is mediated through the intrinsic pathway. Importantly, intracellular Ca2+ release and ER stress-associated signaling also contributed to MJ-29-triggered cell apoptosis. We found that MJ-29 stimulated the protein levels of calpain 1, CHOP and p-eIF2α pathways in WEHI-3 cells. In in vivo experiments, intraperitoneal administration of MJ-29 significantly improved the total survival rate, enhanced body weight and attenuated enlarged spleen and liver tissues in leukemic mice. The infiltration of immature myeloblastic cells into splenic red pulp was reduced in MJ-29-treated leukemic mice. Moreover, MJ-29 increased the differentiations of T and B cells but decreased that of macrophages and monocytes. Additionally, MJ-29-stimulated immune responses might be involved in anti-leukemic activity in vivo. Based on these observations, MJ-29 suppresses WEHI-3 cells in vitro and in vivo, and it is proposed that this potent and selective agent could be a new chemotherapeutic candidate for anti-leukemia in the future

Analisis Kemiripan Morfologi Varietas Unggul Padi Periode Pelepasan 1980–2011

Tingginya penerimaan petani terhadap varietas padi bertipe mirip dengan IR64 menyebabkan varietas-varietas baru yang dilepas selalu dinilai derajat kemiripannya dengan varietas tersebut. Dekatnya hubungan kekerabatan varietas-varietas elit padi sawah diduga memberikan kontribusi terhadap stagnasi potensi hasil varietas-varietas unggul baru dan ketahanan terhadap hama dan penyakit di lapang yang tidak bertahan lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat kemiripan morfologi varietas padi yang dirilis pada tahun 1980–2011. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2011–Januari 2012 di Kebun Percobaan Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan berupa 46 varietas padi yang dilepas tahun 1980–2011. Materi ditanam pada plot dengan luas 2 m × 5 m dengan 3 blok. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap 22 karakter berdasarkan kunci deskriptor UPOV. Analisis komponen utama menghasilkan tujuh komponen utama dengan proporsi keragaman kumulatif sebesar 79,86%, yang digunakan sebagai dasar untuk analisis klaster. Berdasarkan hasil analisis komponen utama dan analisis klaster, varietas-varietas padi sawah yang dilepas sebelum dan pada tahun 2000-an dan setelah tahun 2008 (kelompok Inpari) cenderung membentuk satu kelompok besar dan memiliki kemiripan fenotipik yang tinggi. Varietas padi gogo cenderung tersebar atau membentuk kelompok kecil. Varietas padi sawah memiliki kekerabatan dekat, yaitu berasal dari tetua Ciherang atau IR64