Coping behavior of women with breast cancer with visible postsurgery deformity

Research was carried out to explore coping strategies in cancer patients. In all, 70 women with breast cancer were studied: 35 of them had visible postsurgery deformity, and 35 did not have visible postsurgery deformity. The purpose of the research was to uncover their preferences for using various strategies and resources to cope with their illness. The results showed that both groups of women had a special set of strategies for coping with stress. The women with visible postsurgery deformity made significantly less use of resources for coping with their illness than did the subgroup of women without visible postsurgery deformity

The theory of peripheral capitalism: on the applicability of the Latin American model to the Baltic States; an attempt at an inter-disciplinary analysis

The relevance of this study of post-Soviet transition lies in the focus on the technically theoretical problems that are nevertheless the key to understanding regional development processes in the East of the Baltic Sea. The research aims to verify the theory of peripheral capitalism as applied to the Baltic States. The first theoretical objective is to draw a distinction between the ideas of modernisation and transformation in a regional context. The second objective is to adjust the theory of peripheral capitalism to smaller states. To study the features of the transformation of economic and political systems in the Baltics, this article conducts comparative analysis. Systemic analysis and the principles of theoretical and empirical analysis are used as well. Building on this work, the study identifies the deficiencies of the theoretical and methodological potential of transition studies. These include claims that the theoretical and methodological potential of transition as applied to post-Socialist and post-Soviet Europe has been completely fulfilled. Geographical differences between Latin America and the Baltic States are so obvious that they eclipse economic similarities between the processes and development models characteristic of the two regions of the world. An analysis of current developments in Latin America makes it possible to forecast the economic and, to a degree, political consequences of the trends that are just emerging in the Baltics. This article seeks to prove the above thesis

Цифровизация экономики: вызов высшему образованию и пути преодоления

Purpose: the purpose of this article is to study the challenges of higher education in the digitalization of the economy and ways to overcome them. Achieving the goal is provided by identifying the system attributes of the digital economy, the gaps between the needs of the digital economy and the possibilities of providing them with the current education system, the problems that arise and the possible directions for solving them in connection with the tasks of innovative development of Russia. Methods: the study is based on a systematic approach, including a functional-structural method, multi-level and hierarchical in combination with the historical-dialectical method. These methods make possible to identify the occurrence of qualitative transformations of the system from reaching quantitative boundaries, a change in the main opposing forces and the nature of their interaction in the system, the direction of negation of the previous stage of the system and the fundamental characteristic of its new state. The combination of these approaches predetermined the choice of specific research methods: phenomenological, comparative, inductive. Results: the fundamental difference between the digital economy as the fifth technological paradigm and all previous ones have been formulated in the context of biological and socio-cultural evolution. The connections of digitalization with innovative development, technological and social singularity were shown. The system challenge of digital economy to the education, that includes the functional-structural, psychological, pedagogical and institutional ones, has been revealed and disclosed. Directions of interdisciplinary research are proposed that allow answering these challenges, as well as some methodological innovations that allow to accelerate and to increase the efficiency of the learning process, in particular, programmable learning applications that self-adjust using individual dynamic cognitive profiles of students formed in the learning process. Conclusions and Relevance: the functional and structural challenge to the education system creates significantly complicated requirements for the qualitative characteristics of human capital. They are manifested in an increase in the volume of relevant competencies and the speed of their obsolescence, shift of emphasis from standard unidisciplinary to inter- and multidisciplinary problem tasks, in new relations between the depth of professional knowledge and the breadth of general cultural orientation. The incomplete readiness of cognitive psychology and pedagogy to bridge the gap between the explosive growth in the volume of relevant knowledge and the limited speed of its development forms the content of the psychological and pedagogical challenge, and the organizational and economic disconnection of education and business exacerbates the challenge with the institutional component. An adequate response to challenges is possible through the own efforts of the educational system to individualize the learning process using artificial intelligence systems, focused on maximizing the cognitive and psychological characteristics of the student. An interdisciplinary search for safe borders, technical means and psychological tools to intensify the educational process, which allow us to give a worthy answer to these challenges. This direction can become the basis of an interdisciplinary discussion about the ways in which society responds to the challenges of digitalization, as well as for applied pedagogical developments.Цель: Цель данной статьи заключается в исследовании вызовов высшему образованию при цифровизации экономики и путей их преодоления. Достижение цели обеспечено выявлением системных атрибутов цифровой экономики, разрывов между потребностями цифровой экономики и возможностями их обеспечения нынешней системой образования, возникающих при этом проблем и возможных направлений их решения в связи с задачами инновационного развития России. Методология проведения работы: Исследование основано на системном подходе, включающем функционально-структурный метод, многоуровневость и иерархичность в сочетании с историко-диалектическим методом. Это позволяет выявить возникновение качественных преобразований системы из достижения количественных границ, изменение основных противостоящих сил и характера их взаимодействия, направление отрицания предшествующей стадии системы и характеристику нового состояния. Сочетание подходов предопределило выбор конкретных методов исследования: феноменологического, компаративного, индуктивного.Результаты работы: Сформулировано принципиальное отличие цифровой экономики как пятого технологического уклада от предшествующих в контексте биологической и социально-культурной эволюции. Показаны связи цифровизации с инновационным развитием, проявлениями технологической и социальной сингулярности. Раскрыто содержание системного вызова цифровой экономики системе образования, включающего функционально-структурный, психолого-педагогический и институциональный аспекты. Предложены направления междисциплинарных исследований для ответа на вызовы, а также методические новшества, позволяющие ускорить и повысить эффективность процесса обучения, в частности, программируемые обучающие приложения, самонастраивающиеся при помощи индивидуальных динамических когнитивных профилей учащихся, формируемых в процессе обучения. Выводы: Функционально-структурный вызов системе образования формирует существенно усложненные требования к качественным характеристикам человеческого капитала. Они проявляются в возрастании объема актуальных компетенций и быстроте их устаревания, смещении акцентов со стандартных однодисциплинарных к меж- и полидисциплинарным проблемным задачам, в новых соотношениях между глубиной профессионального знания и широтой общекультурного ориентирования. Неполная готовность когнитивной психологии и педагогики к преодолению разрыва между ростом объема актуального знания и ограниченной скоростью его освоения образует содержание психолого-педагогического вызова, а организационно-экономическая разобщенность образования и бизнеса усугубляет его институциональный компонент. Адекватный ответ на вызовы возможен посредством собственных усилий системы образования по индивидуализации процесса обучения с использованием искусственного интеллекта, ориентированного на максимальный учет когнитивных и психологических особенностей обучающегося. Важен междисциплинарный поиск безопасных границ, технических средств и психологических инструментов интенсификации учебного процесса. Это направление может стать основой междисциплинарной дискуссии о путях реагирования общества на вызовы цифровизации, а также для прикладных педагогических разработок

Diffuse ferroelectric phase transition in SrTiO3-BiScO3 system ceramics

Ceramic samples of the (1–x)SrTiO3–(x)BiScO3 system with x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 have been synthesized for the first time. X-ray diffraction data showed that the samples with x = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 at room temperature comprise the mixture of two phases: (i) cubic nonpolar phase with Pm3m structure and (ii) tetragonal polar phase with P4mm structure. The temperature dependences of permittivity and dielectric loss tangent of these samples exhibit anomalies characteristic of ferroelectrics with diffuse phase transitionsyesBelgorod State Universit

Slip Behavior and Hardness Indentations in MnSe and MnSe-MnS Solid Solutions

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65510/1/j.1151-2916.1969.tb11957.x.pd

Role of internal stresses in the localization of plastic flow of irradiated materials

The collective behavior of dislocations in irradiated materials is studied using the kinetic equation for the dislocation density, taking account of a Burgers-type nonlinearity. It is shown that the degree of dislocation localization in slip bands is higher in the irradiated materials than in the unirradiated materialsyesBelgorod State Universit

Preparation of aluminum oxide coating on carbon/carbon composites using a new detonation sprayer

A new multi-chamber cumulative detonation sprayer (MCDS) was applied to fabricate an aluminum oxide coating on carbon/carbon composites. MCDS provides heating and acceleration of ceramic micropowders by means of combustible gas mixture detonation products with a frequency of 20 Hz and above. The ceramic aluminum oxide particle kinetic energy ensures the destruction of the weakened areas on the carbon-carbon composite material surface and the incorporation of these particles into the surface layer. The following powder particles decelerate on the already fixed particles and form a ceramic coating. The formed aluminum oxide coating is characterized by high hardness and low porosity (<1%). MCDS provides the formation of a high-quality ceramic layer, which can also serve as the basis for the formation of protective heat-resistant coating

Magnetostructure of MnAs on GaAs revisited

The ferromagnetic to nonferromagnetic (&#945;-&#946;) phase transition in epitaxial MnAs layers on GaAs(100) is studied by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and x-ray magnetic linear dichroism photoemission electron microscopy in order to elucidate the nature of the controversial nonferromagnetic state of &#946;-MnAs. In the coexistence region of the two phases the &#946; phase shows a clear XMLD signal characteristic of antiferromagnetism. The nature and the possible causes of the elusiveness of this magnetic state are discussed

Sensory Island Task (SIT): A New Behavioral Paradigm to Study Sensory Perception and Neural Processing in Freely Moving Animals

A central function of sensory systems is the gathering of information about dynamic interactions with the environment during self-motion. To determine whether modulation of a sensory cue was externally caused or a result of self-motion is fundamental to perceptual invariance and requires the continuous update of sensory processing about recent movements. This process is highly context-dependent and crucial for perceptual performances such as decision-making and sensory object formation. Yet despite its fundamental ecological role, voluntary self-motion is rarely incorporated in perceptual or neurophysiological investigations of sensory processing in animals. Here, we present the Sensory Island Task (SIT), a new freely moving search paradigm to study sensory processing and perception. In SIT, animals explore an open-field arena to find a sensory target relying solely on changes in the presented stimulus, which is controlled by closed-loop position tracking in real-time. Within a few sessions, animals are trained via positive reinforcement to search for a particular area in the arena (“target island”), which triggers the presentation of the target stimulus. The location of the target island is randomized across trials, making the modulated stimulus feature the only informative cue for task completion. Animals report detection of the target stimulus by remaining within the island for a defined time (“sit-time”). Multiple “non-target” islands can be incorporated to test psychometric discrimination and identification performance. We exemplify the suitability of SIT for rodents (Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus) and small primates (mouse lemur, Microcebus murinus) and for studying various sensory perceptual performances (auditory frequency discrimination, sound source localization, visual orientation discrimination). Furthermore, we show that pairing SIT with chronic electrophysiological recordings allows revealing neuronal signatures of sensory processing under ecologically relevant conditions during goal-oriented behavior. In conclusion, SIT represents a flexible and easily implementable behavioral paradigm for mammals that combines self-motion and natural exploratory behavior to study sensory sensitivity and decision-making and their underlying neuronal processing

Исследование активных видов совладающего со стрессом поведения как механизмов адаптации / дезадаптации к заболеванию у больных бронхиальной астмой

Summary. The purpose of the study was to investigate active coping strategies as a mechanism of psychological adaptation / disadaptation to the disease in patients with bronchial asthma (n = 120) of 30 to 60 years of age. Psychological investigation was done using the "Ways of Coping Questionnaire". The study has found that protective mechanisms were primarily observed in the personality structure of asthma patients; this could contribute to the development of nonadaptive variants of coping strategies including anger and irritability. The results of this study could be useful for development of educational systems to teach asthma patients coping behavior skills to maintain their health and wellbeing.Резюме. Целью исследования было изучение параметров активных видов совладающего со стрессом поведения у больных бронхиальной астмой (БА). В исследовании приняли участие 120 человек в возрасте от 30 до 60 лет. Психологическое исследование проводилось при помощи методикиWays of Coping Questionnaire. В результате было установлено, что в структуре личности больных БА наблюдаются в большей степени защитные механизмы, способствующие формированию неадаптивных вариантов копингстратегий, включающих вспышки гнева и раздражения. Полученные результаты позволяют делать предположение о перспективности разработки системы обучения формам совладающего со стрессом поведения больных БА, для поддержания их психического и соматического здоровья