54 research outputs found

    Synthesis, Molecular Structure and Dynamic Behaviour of the Chiral Cluster (u*H)4Ru4(CO)9(HC(PPh2)3)

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    The synthesis and study of the dynamic behaviour of (u*H)4Ru4(CO)9(HC(PPh2)3) are described. The X-ray structural determination shows this cluster to be chiral, the asymmetry arising from a helical array of phenyl groups on the tripod ligand

    The Pitfalls of Central Clearing in the Presence of Systematic Risk

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    Through the lens of market participants' objective to minimize counterparty risk, we provide an explanation for the reluctance to clear derivative trades in the absence of a central clearing obligation. We develop a comprehensive understanding of the benefits and potential pitfalls with respect to a single market participant's counterparty risk exposure when moving from a bilateral to a clearing architecture for derivative markets. Previous studies suggest that central clearing is beneficial for single market participants in the presence of a sufficiently large number of clearing members. We show that three elements can render central clearing harmful for a market participant's counterparty risk exposure regardless of the number of its counterparties: 1) correlation across and within derivative classes (i.e., systematic risk), 2) collateralization of derivative claims, and 3) loss sharing among clearing members. Our results have substantial implications for the design of derivatives markets, and highlight that recent central clearing reforms might not incentivize market participants to clear derivatives

    Between Hope and Hype: Traditional Knowledge(s) Held by Marginal Communities

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    Traditional Knowledge (TK) systems have always been integral to the survival and adaptation of human societies. Yet, they enjoy a fairly recent recognition and popularization by scientists, the media, politicians, corporates and the wider public. In this paper we present a typology of key driving forces behind the popularization of TK held by marginal communities: an equality preference motive, a value motive, a compliance motive, a scarcity motive and a strategic motive. Secondly, through the use of a simple model, we discuss the hype's impact on marginal communities. Moreover, we critically assess the outcome of a number of policy instruments that intend, in part, to protect traditional knowledge bases of such communities. Our analysis primarily draws upon secondary literature; policy documents and case studies within economics, the social sciences, conservation biology and legal studies. We argue that whilst the public and institutional hype around TK may have resulted in its prioritization within international conventions and frameworks, its institutionalization may have adversely impacted marginalized communities, and in particular contexts, unintentionally led to the creation of 'new' marginals. We purport that the traditional innovation incentive motive does not hold for protecting TK within a private property regime. Instead we identify a conservation incentive motive and a distribution motive that justify deriving policy instruments that focus on TK to protect marginal communities

    Social Safety Nets for Food and Nutritional Security in India

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    This paper brings together existing literature on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNRGEA) and the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India, offering a narrative review of the evidence on impacts on food security, health and nutrition of beneficiaries. Both programs operate on a large scale and have the capacity to impact the factors leading to undernutrition. It is evident that despite the deficiencies in implementation, both the MGNREGA and the PDS are inclusive and reach the poor and the marginalized who are likely to also experience greater undernutrition and poor health. Data challenges have however prevented researchers from conducting studies that assess the ultimate impact of these two large-scale programs on health and nutrition. The evidence that exists suggests largely positive impacts indicating a clear potential to make these programs more nutrition sensitive not just by incorporating elements that would explicitly address nutritional concerns but also by directing specific attention to innovations that strengthen critical complementarities and synergies that exist between the two programs

    Organometallic derivatives of diphosphinoamines, X2PN(R)PX2X_2PN(R)PX_2. Reactions with carbonyl derivatives of group 6 metals and iron pentacarbonyl. The crystal structures of [Mo(CO)4PhN(P(Oph)2)2][Mo(CO)_4PhN(P(Oph)_2)_2] and [W(CO)_4\hspace{1mm}^iPrN(PPh_2)_2]

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    The diphosphinoamines X2PN(R)PX2(L)(R=MeorPh,X=OCH2CF3X_2PN(R)PX_2 (L) (R = Me or Ph, X = OCH_2CF_3 or OPh; R=Ph,X=OC6H4Brp;R=iPr,X=Ph)R = Ph, X = OC_6H_4Br-p; R = ^iPr, X = Ph) react with group 6 metal carbonyl derivatives to yield the cis-chelate complexes [M(CO)4(L-PP′)]. The structures of cis-[Mo(CO)4PhN(P(OPh)2)2][Mo(CO)_4PhN(P(OPh)_2)_2](3d) and cis-[W(CO)_4\hspace{1mm}^iPrN(PPh_2)_2] (4f) have been established by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Reactions with iron pentacarbonyl yield complexes in which a chelating or a bridged-bidentate mode of coordination of the ligands is observed

    Organometallic derivatives of diphosphinoamines, X<SUB>2</SUB>PN(R)PX<SUB>2</SUB>. Reactions with carbonyl derivatives of group 6 metals and iron pentacarbonyl. The crystal structures of [Mo(CO)<SUB>4</SUB>PhN(P(OPh)<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>] and [W(CO)<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>i</SUP>PrN(PPh<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>]

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    The diphosphinoamines X2PN(R)PX2 (L) (R = Me or Ph, X = OCH2CF3 or OPh; R = Ph, X = OC6H4Br-p; R = iPr, X = Ph) react with group 6 metal carbonyl derivatives to yield the cis-chelate complexes [M(CO)4(L-PP')]. The structures of cis-[Mo(CO)4PhN(P(OPh)2)2] (3d) and cis-[W(CO)4iPrN(PPh2)2] (4f) have been established by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Reactions with iron pentacarbonyl yield complexes in which a chelating or a bridged-bidentate mode of coordination of the ligands is observed
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