Introduction to Fisheries Resources Survey in the Cambodian Water

Fisheries Resources Survey in the Cambodian water by MV SEAFDEC2 is a national research program in collaboration with SEAFDEC/Training Department. The survey plan was formulated incorporation with the Department of Fisheries, Cambodia. With the survey designs were covered four mains subjects; fisheries resources, oceanography, primary production and biolog

The systematics and distribution of oceanic cephalopods in the South China Sea, Area IV: Vietnamese waters

Oceanic cephalopod exploration was conducted by M.V. SEAFDEC in Vietnamese waters during 21 April- 5 June 1999, as part of SEAFDEC’s collaborative research survey on the fisheries resources of the South China Sea Area IV (Vietnamese waters) with focus on tuna, oceanic squid and other highly migratory species. Squid fishing activities were conducted in 10 stations, ranging in the depth from 600-4000 m, using four automatic jigging machines at night. The purpleback flying squid, Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (Lesson, 1830) was the only species caught throughout the fishing area. Diagnosis and distribution of the species in the study area are reported

Exploration of oceanic squid, Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis resources in the South China Sea, Vietnamese waters

Results from 10 sampling stations show that only one species of the purpleback flying squid, Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (Lesson, 1930) were caught by automatic squid jigging gear. The distribution and abundance of the purpleback flying squid in term of the CPUE (number of squid per line hour) are presented. Over the entire survey area, the CPUEs of the squid were ranged between 0.25-9.11squids per line hour. Drop-off rates for jigs fished on the jigging machines were averaged 3 squid/line hour. Angling depth where the squid were abundant ranged between 50 and 100m. A total of 1,439 squids were measured and mantle length ranged from 90 to 240 mm. Female dominated the catch, accounting for 80% of the all squid sexed. Males were generally smaller than females. The mantle length composition for males was single peak mode at between 120 and 130 mm. Females also had one peak between 120 and 130 mm mantle length with means of 150.5 mm. A similar length-weight relationship coefficient between male and female was found. The main preys of the squid were crustaceans, fishes (mainly flying fish) and squid. The squid were found in a warm water mass where the sea temperature ranged from 18°c to 30°c at the depth from 125m up to sea surface at night. Good fishing ground of the squid was at 14°N latitude and 112°E longitude (9.11 squids/line hour) nearby the existing upwelling at 111°E longitude

Regional database system and GIS for information gathering of inland capture fisheries

In present, fishery management tends to be more attractive and widely open in fishery research. Mostly fishery researches provide the information in biological, environmental and socio-economical studies. In Southeast Asian Region, there are many researches on inland capture fisheries, however these information are still not in record gradually and rarely available. Therefore, the gathering information in inland capture fishery becomes more importance and necessary. Developing of regional database system of collected information in inland capture fisheries is one of the most important mechanisms in order to provide the skeleton for more systematic collection of such information. In addition, to know the status and trend of inland capture fisheries information, of which is a key to sound policy-making and management

Exploration of Purpleback Flying Squid, Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis Resources in the South China Sea

In an attempt to come up with initial jigging fishery on the purpleback flying squid, Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the Southeast Asia region, SEAFDEC has conducted the survey on resources and fishing ground conditions of the squid in the South China Sea. The survey objective are to determine distribution and abundance of the purpleback flying squid in relation to oceanographical conditions and to examine the feasibility of harvesting squid with jig gear. In addition, the author reviews cephalopod fisheries in Southeast Asian countries as a whole against total landings of marine group of species, i.e., squids, cuttlefishes and octopus. Details are provided on species caught, Statistic data by species, by group and by countries, fishing gear types and perspective of fishing from the viewpoint of technological aspect. Based on statistical data from 1976 to 1994 the amount of cephalopods caught in the region steadily increased from 83, 692 tons in 1994. Thai fishermen caught about 50% of this total catch in 1994, the rest 20% and 18% being the Philippines and Malaysia, respectively. More than 50% of the catch is generally composed of squid. 9 groups of fishing gears: surrounding net, seine net, trawl, gill net, life net/cast net, trap/stake, hook and line, push/scoop net and miscellaneous gears are employed for catching the cephalopods. Trawl fisheries in Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines caught about 88%, 70% and 44% of the total catch for 1994, respectively. Exploration of the S. oualaniensis resources and its fishing ground were conducted by using MV SEAFDEC of the Southeast Asia Fisheries Development Center. The survey area in the South China Sea was divided into three areas, namely Area I: Western Philippines Waters, Area II: Vietnamese Waters, and Area III: Sabah Sarawak (Malaysia) and Brunei Darussalam Water, of which the surveys were in the exclusive economic zones of each country, respectively. Four automatic squid jigging gears with luring light system were employed for catching the squid. Catch per unit effort (CPUE: the number of squids per line-hour) is used an index of abundance for a fishing ground. 30 squid sampling and 117 oceanographic stations were carried out during March-May of 1998-2000. Water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll and other parameters were measured at all stations to elucidated oceanographic features of the research area. At each station, squid larvae surveys were also conducted. A total of 4,257 S. oualaniensis specimens, capture were consisted of 2,592 specimens from the Western Philippines, 1,412 specimens from Vietnamese waters, and 253 specimens from the Sabah, Sarawak (Malaysia) and Brunei Darussalam waters. Mantle length of the S. oualaniensis capture within each survey area was 90-250 mm,90-240 mmand 58-230 mm, respectively. Female dominated the catch, accounting for about 81% of the total squid. Males were generally smaller than females of which their mantle length range was 90-180 mm. CPUEs of the S. oualaniensis were 0.15-18.47 ind./line-hour in April-May. High CPUEs were located in the EEZ of the Philippines off Currimao and San Fernando (17°-18°N and 117°-119°E) and in the EEZ of Vietnam off Danang (15°N and 111°E). Drop-off rates for jigs fished by the jigging machines ranged from 0 to 0.33 squid/line-hour. Angling depth where the squid were abundant ranged from 50 m to 100 m. S. oualaniensis distributed in the warm water mass whereas the sea temperature ranged from 14°c to 31°c within the depth from 150 m up to the sea surface at night. Good fishing grounds of the squid were at the area of 17°N, 117°E and 18°N, 119°E, of which seasonal upwelling was found at the later. Dissolved oxygen at abundant area was 3.27 to 4.4 ml/l. Downwelling was found at 16°N, 118°E where less potential of squid, the water transparency depth was observed to be 44 m. Another upwelling was also observed within the EEZ of Vietnam at 14°N, 111°E during May. Cephalopod paralarvae were collected at most stations on the shelf and shelf edge of the South China Sea basin where the bottom topographical depth are deeper than 150 m

Status of Surimi Industry in the Southeast Asia

Fish paste products have long been a part of traditional Asian cuisine, but surimi has become one of the most dynamic commodities in the Asian seafood industry because of recent innovations in production and utilization. Surimi is an intermediate product made from minced fish meat that has been washed, refined, and mixed with cyro-protectants. Although fish paste products have been hand-made for centuries, a process for frozen surimi, invented in 1960 provided the impetus for expanding the industry and surimi markets based on the vast walleye pollock, alaska pollock resources. The Asian surimi industry was under-going a period of rapid change as the Republic of Korea, Thailand, New Zealand, and the United States were increasingly challenging Japan's position as the world's leading surimi producer. The appreciation of the yen and the Japanese exclusion from U.S. and Soviet walleye or Alaska pollock resources, have caused Japanese production to decline from its 1984 peak of 418,000 MT to 320,000 MT in 1989 and decreased to only 132,000 in 1994. Meanwhile, the output of the other four major producing countries has increased from about 26,000 MT to 260,000 MT during the same period. The Korean surimi industry shows the greatest potential for independent growth among the Asian surimi producers, with an output of 60,000 MT in 1989. During this period, Thai industries also has showed considerable growth potential dependent upon the Japanese technical assistance. The success of Thai surimi industry stimulated developments of surimi production in the Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Indonesia. According to rapid growth of surimi industry in Southeast Asian countries, as well as depletion of fisheries resources especially demersal resources, reduction of raw materials may impact to the demand of surimi producers. Therefore under the Asian-SEAFDEC program SEAFDEC/TD proposed to conduct the information collection of economically important species as surimi raw materials in the Southeast Asian. The program was started from 2005 by collecting all information concerns in cooperation with the local fisheries agency and fishery private sectors. Field trip to observe and interview the surimi producers were also performed such as Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam and Myanmar. Information from Malaysia mostly based on the questionnaires incooperation with DOF/Malaysia. In this study, the attempt is not only to show the quantity of surimi products in the region, but the linkage between surimi products and raw materials used in each country in comparison with the status of fisheries resources in the region will also analyzed

Preliminary Report: Experiments on Fish Handling and Preservation Technique for Squid

ตามที่แผนกวิศวกรรมประมง ได้ศึกษาถึงกรรมวิธีการเก็บรักษาสัตว์น้ำบนเรือประมง มาตั้งแต่ปี พ.ศ. 2547 และได้ส่งเสริมให้กับชาวประมงในปี 2548 จนกระทั่งปลายปี 2549 แผนกวิศวกรรมประมง ได้รับมอบหมายให้ศึกษาถึงกรรมวิธีการเก็บรักษาหมึกให้สามารถคงคุณภาพและความสดได้นานที่สุด เนื่องจากหมึกเป็นสัตว์น้ำที่ได้รับความนิยมในการบริโภคมาก มีราคาดี สามารถแปรรูปได้หลากหลายประเภท หมึกเป็นทรัพยากรที่มีอยู่ทั่วไปและสามารถทำการประมงได้หลายรูปแบบ อาทิเช่น อวนลาก ลอบหมึก เบ็ดตกและเรือไดหมึกเป็นต้น อีกทั้งชาวประมงเองยังไม่ตระหนักถึงความสำคัญในการเก็บรักษาความสดของหมึกดีเท่าที่ควรและยังไม่รู้จักวิธีการเก็บรักษาที่ถูกต้อง โดยสังเกตุได้จากการออกสำรวจเรือไดหมึก พบว่าชาวประมงยังคงใช้วิธีการเก็บรักษาแบบเดิมๆ นั่นคือการใช้น้ำแข็งแต่เพียงอย่างเดีย

Standard Operating Procedures of Collapsible Fish Trap

In early times, flowing water caused by tidal movement and changes in river and lake levels were probably used to trap fish behind rudimentary barriers, often made from sticks and stones. It is likely that early humans found that fish catches could be improves by driving fish in to these barriers. They would have found that catches from these barriers decreased over time, as fish became accustomed to them, and would have had to move the traps to fresh areas where more fish could be caught. It would have been hard work to construct new traps, either by moving stones from the old trap or finding new ones. Primitive fishers probably tried making barriers from lighter, more readily available material such as tree branches, brunch and vines. This led to the fishers inventing lighter, movable traps made from brush and nets made from vines which they could carry with them when they moved to new areas. They may even tried bigger, more complicated corral-type fish traps in lake, rivers and coastal waters

Study on the juvenile and trash excluder devices (JTEDs) in Malaysia

This paper describes the results of the Juvenile and Trash fishes Excluder Device (JTEDs) tested onboard a Malaysian Fishing Trawler in cooperation with the Department of Fisheries, Malaysia. In particular, it provides estimates of Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) of trawl fishery, catch composition in day and night times, distribution of length-frequencies for the capture fishes and released fishes using two different grid intervals

The experiments on turtle excluder devices (TEDs) for shrimp trawl nets in Thailand

The purpose of this paper is to determine a suitable type of Turtle Excluder Device (TED) attached to the body of a shrimp trawl to avoid inflicting harm on marine turtles. Seven types of the TEDs were tested; three brought from U.S.A. namely the Anthony Weedless, the Super Shooter and the Bent Pipe, two brought from Mexico namely the Georgia Jumper and the Mexican, and two were designed by Kasetsart University and SEAFDEC/TD, Thailand, namely the Thai-KU and Thai Turtle Free Device (TTFD), respectively. No turtles were caught in any of the areas off Chumporn and Songkhla during a total of 120 hauls. The escape rate by weight of the Super Shooter and TTFD were found to be 2.67% and 1.80% for day-time operation and 1.91% and 1.04% during the night, respectively, this indicated that they were the most efficient TED. The fuel consumption for all TEDs showed little difference. In terms of convenience in operation, the TTFD was found to be the best and the most suitable TED for the use by Thai fishermen