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Firm-specific, country-specific and region-specific competitive advantages: the case of emerging economy MNEs - Thailand
Increasing levels of regional economic integration have created a new source of international competitiveness for MNEs from an emerging economy, Thailand, in the context of ASEAN economic integration. Building on the theoretical framework of firm-specific advantages (FSAs) and country-specific advantages (CSAs) grounded in internalization theory, we introduce region-specific advantages (RSAs) and advance a novel regional dual-double-diamond model to analyse regional competitiveness. Using both primary and secondary data we find that most Thai firms derive their international competitiveness from CSAs rather than FSAs, and will benefit from ASEAN RSAs. Our study significantly advances the literature on international competitiveness of emerging-economy MNEs
āļāļīāļāļāļīāļāļĨāļāļāļāļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāđāļĢāļāļāļāļāļąāļ 5 āļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāļŠāđāļāļāļĨāļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ āđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļāļąāļāļāļāļāļŠāļāļēāļāļąāļāļŠāļāļāļ āļēāļĐāļēāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļāļ āļēāļāđāļāđ
āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļĢāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļ§āļąāļāļāļļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļāļāđāđāļāļ·āđāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāļ°āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļ°āļāļąāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļāļąāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāđāļĢāļāļāļāļāļąāļ 5 āļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāļŠāļāļēāļāļąāļāļŠāļāļāļ āļēāļĐāļēāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļāļ āļēāļāđāļāđ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļāļąāđāļāļāļāļŠāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļīāļāļĨāļāļāļāļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāđāļĢāļāļāļāļāļąāļ 5 āļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĢ āļāļĩāđāļŠāđāļāļāļĨāļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļāļąāļāļāļāļāļŠāļāļēāļāļąāļāļŠāļāļāļ āļēāļĐāļēāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļāļ āļēāļāđāļāđ āđāļāļĒāđāļāđāđāļāļāļŠāļāļāļāļēāļĄāđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļāđāļāļĄāļđāļĨ āļāļēāļāļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāļāļąāļ§āļāļĒāđāļēāļāļŠāļāļēāļāļąāļāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļāļāļ āļēāļĐāļēāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻ āđāļ 14 āļāļąāļāļŦāļ§āļąāļāļ āļēāļāđāļāđ āđāļāđāđāļāđ āļāļļāļĄāļāļĢ āļĢāļ°āļāļāļ āļ āļđāđāļāđāļ āļāļąāļāļāļē āļŠāļļāļĢāļēāļĐāļāļĢāđāļāļēāļāļĩ āļāļāļĢāļĻāļĢāļĩāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļĢāļēāļ āļāļĢāļ°āļāļĩāđ āļāļĢāļąāļ āļāļąāļāļĨāļļāļ āļŠāļāļđāļĨ āļŠāļāļāļĨāļē āļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļĩ āļāļĢāļēāļāļīāļ§āļēāļŠ āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļ°āļĨāļē āļāļģāļāļ§āļ 121 āđāļŦāđāļ āļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāļāđāļāļĄāļđāļĨāđāļāļĒāđāļāđāļŠāļāļīāļāļīāđāļāļīāļāļāļĢāļĢāļāļāļē āđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļāļāļāļĒāđāļāļīāļāļāļŦāļļāļāļđāļ āļāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļāļ§āđāļē āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļāļąāļāļāļāļāļŠāļāļēāļāļąāļāļŠāļāļāļ āļēāļĐāļēāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļāļ āļēāļāđāļāđāļāļĒāļđāđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļąāļāļŠāļđāļāļĄāļēāļ ( = 4.93) āđāļĨāļ°āļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāđāļĢāļāļāļāļāļąāļ 5 āļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāļŠāļāļēāļāļąāļāļŠāļāļāļ āļēāļĐāļēāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļāļ āļēāļāđāļāđ āļāļĨāļāļĒāļđāđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļąāļāļŠāļđāļ ( = 3.94) āļāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļĒāļąāļāļāļāļ§āđāļē āļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāđāļĢāļāļāļāļāļąāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđāļēāļāļāļļāļĢāļāļīāļāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļĒāļđāđāđāļāļāļļāļāļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļļāļāļāļēāļĄāļāļāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļāđāļāļ āļĄāļĩāļāļīāļāļāļīāļāļĨāļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļāļąāļāļāļāļāļŠāļāļēāļāļąāļāļŠāļāļāļ āļēāļĐāļēāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļāļ āļēāļāđāļāđ āđāļāđāļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāđāļĢāļāļāļāļāļąāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļļāļāļāļēāļĄāļāļāļāļāļđāđāđāļāđāļēāļĄāļēāđāļŦāļĄāđ āļāđāļēāļāļāļģāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļĢāļāļāļāļāļāļāļđāđāļāļ·āđāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāđāļēāļāļāļģāļāļēāļāļāđāļāļĢāļāļāļāļāļāļāļđāđāļāļēāļĒāļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļāļĨāļīāļ āđāļĄāđāļĄāļĩāļāļīāļāļāļīāļāļĨāļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļāļąāļāļāļāļāļŠāļāļēāļāļąāļāļŠāļāļāļ āļēāļĐāļēāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļāļ āļēāļāđāļāđ āļāļĒāđāļēāļāļĄāļĩāļāļąāļĒāļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļŠāļāļīāļāļī (āļāđāļēāļŠāļāļīāļāļī F-value = 11.505, R2 = 0.333, Adjusted R2= 0.304) āļāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļĢāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđāļāļģāđāļāļŠāļđāđāļāđāļāļŠāļĢāļļāļāļāļĩāđāļāļąāļāđāļāļāļĄāļēāļāļāļķāđāļ āđāļāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđāļēāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļāļąāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāđāļĢāļāļāļāļāļąāļ 5 āļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĢ āļāļāļāļŠāļāļēāļāļąāļāļŠāļāļāļ āļēāļĐāļēāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļāļ āļēāļāđāļāđ āđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĒāļāļāđāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļāļąāļāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāđāļāļĄāļđāļĨāđāļāđāļāđāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļāđāļēāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāđāļāļāļāļēāļāļ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāđāļāđāļāļ§āļāļēāļāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļāļēāļāļąāļāļŠāļāļāļ āļēāļĐāļēāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻ āđāļŦāđāđāļāđāđāļŦāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāļĻāļąāļāļĒāļ āļēāļāļāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāđāļēāļ āđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļŦāđāļĄāļĩāļāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāđāļāļīāļāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĄāđāļāđāļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļāļĩāđāļāđāļāļāļāļē
How Domestic Firms Benefit from the Presence of Multinational Enterprises: Evidence from Indonesia and Philippines
Incentives are provided to attract multinational enterprises (MNEs) to host countries, with the expectation that their technology will spread to domestic firms. The purpose of this study is to examine how domestic firms benefit from the spillover of technology from MNEs. Using balanced panel data obtained from the World Bank Enterprise Survey, this study examined the impact of technology spillover through three channels: demonstration, competition, and worker mobility on productivity of domestic firms in Indonesia and Philippines. This study also explored the importance of domestic firms’ absorptive capacity in capturing benefits from the three spillover channels. The Cobb–Douglas production model was used as the basis for the estimation model. A fixed-effect model for panel data analysis was used to analyze the data. The empirical outcome of this study revealed that worker mobility is the most viable channel of spillover in the two countries. It also showed that firms with high absorptive capacity were found to benefit from all the channels of spillover in both countries, while the firms with low absorptive capacity benefit differently in the two countries. Thus, this study validates the need for domestic firms to develop absorptive capacity in order to benefit from the technology spillover from MNEs
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THAI INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN BAHRAIN
The Kingdom of Bahrain, a small archipelago of 35 islands in the Persian Gulf, has long had a history of international trade. The Kingdom of Bahrain has long been interested in diversifying its oil-based economy, and to facilitate this has established legal and financial incentives for overseas investment. Based on the information obtained from sixteen Thai and fourteen Bahraini entrepreneurs, academics and government officials, this study performed used Multi-Sectoral Qualitative Analysis (MSQA) and the Industry Attractiveness-Business Strength Matrix (IA-BSM) techniques to examine the feasibility of investment Bahrain by Thailand, focusing on four industry sectors: foodstuffs, meat and vegetable products, manufacturing products and services. Although the results indicated that all four sectors were well worth considering, the services sector was the most attractive one for Thailand. The results of these analyses will then be used to generate a comprehensive, open and impartial review of the attractiveness of the Kingdom of Bahrain to Thai investors that can be passed on to the Thai government and business leaders
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THAI INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN BAHRAIN
The Kingdom of Bahrain, a small archipelago of 35 islands in the Persian Gulf, has long had a history of international trade. The Kingdom of Bahrain has long been interested in diversifying its oil-based economy, and to facilitate this has established legal and financial incentives for overseas investment. Based on the information obtained from sixteen Thai and fourteen Bahraini entrepreneurs, academics and government officials, this study performed used Multi-Sectoral Qualitative Analysis (MSQA) and the Industry Attractiveness-Business Strength Matrix (IA-BSM) techniques to examine the feasibility of investment Bahrain by Thailand, focusing on four industry sectors: foodstuffs, meat and vegetable products, manufacturing products and services. Although the results indicated that all four sectors were well worth considering, the services sector was the most attractive one for Thailand. The results of these analyses will then be used to generate a comprehensive, open and impartial review of the attractiveness of the Kingdom of Bahrain to Thai investors that can be passed on to the Thai government and business leaders