The August 2010 Phreatic Eruption of Mount Sinabung, North Sumatra

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v8i1.155Mount Sinabung, located in Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province, is a strato volcano having four active craters. Since its latest eruption about 1,200 year ago, a phreatic eruption occurred on August 27th, 2010. The eruption took place in Crater-I, which was initiated by a greyish white plume and then followed by black plumes as high as 2000 m above the crater. Altered rock fragments and ash were erupted during this event. The altered rocks show a development of argillic alterations which was formed in the hydrothermal system in depth. The alteration zone is formed along the northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast trend across the three craters. All of the craters are actively discharging solfataric gases, of which sulphur deposits are resulted, and they have been quarried by the local people. The age of the latest magmatic eruption was dated by 14C method from the charcoal sample found in the pyroclastic flow deposits near Bekerah Village

Merauke Shopping Center “Metafora Musamus”

Kabupaten Merauke merupakan salah satu Kabupaten di Provinsi Papua yang terletak di bagian Selatan Provinsi Papua. Dengan luas wilayah dan kepadatan penduduk yang semakin meningkat dari tahun ketahun memiliki tantangan terbesar pada pembangunan ekonomi yaitu peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Hal ini sangat mendukung apabila kota Merauke mempunyai shopping center komunitas yaitu shopping center berskala pelayanan kota dalam radius 4 mil untuk melayani 40.000-150.000 penduduk dengan luas area sekitar 9.290 – 23.225 m2 (Joseph de Chiara and John Hancock Callender,1973) sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat yang semakin bertambah. Perancangan Merauke Shopping Center dengan tema Metafora Musamus merupakan rancangan pusat perbelanjaan dengan mengimplementasikan bentuk, sifat, dan karakteristik Musamus pada suatu rancangan arsitektural, yang berdasarkan pada konsep perancangan tapak, bangunan, sirkulasi, sistem struktur, utilitas dan ruang luar, sehingga menghasilkan suatu rancangan arsitektur shopping center yang berorientasi pada kebutuhan akan pusat perbelanjaan dimasa sekarang maupun yang akan datang. Dengan menghadirkan suatu rancangan Shopping Center dapat menjadi sarana dan fasilitas yang menunjang kegiatan perekonomian di Kabupaten Merauke. Hal ini membuat Merauke Shopping Center bukan hanya sebagai wadah untuk sekedar berbelanja, akan tetapi juga bisa untuk tempat rekreasi, hiburan, bermain, dan melakukan kegiatan lainnya, untuk mewadahi interaksi sosial dan aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat secara umum melalui pendekatan desain bangunan yang mampu mengangkat dan melestarikan budaya masyarakat sekitar dengan menerapkan konsep metafora Musamus pada bangunan

The Correlation Between Reading Strategies And Reading Comprehension Achievement Of The Sixth Semester In English Education Study Program Of Bengkulu University

This research is aimed at identifying student\u27s reading strategies used and students\u27s reading comprehension achievement. The research would like to find out whether or not there is any significant correlation between reading strategies and reading comprehension achievement at the sixth-semester students of English Education Study Program at Universitas BengkuluAcademic Year 2018/2019. The research was designed as a quantitative correlation method, the subject were 78 students and the instrument used for collecting the data were reading strategies questionnaire and reading test. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 23. The result of this research revealed that there is a significant correlation between reading strategies and reading comprehension achievement because the correlation coefficient is 0.033 which is very weak correlation category. It seems that most of the students were not familiar to the strategies in reading comprehension therefore more understanding of strategies is needed until a reading comprehension problem is solved

Perlindungan terhadap Korban Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) Berat di Korea Utara Menurut Hukum Internasional

Human Rights are basic rights bestowed by God on human beings, are universal to be protected, respected, maintained, and should not be ignored, reduced or taken away by anyone. It is therefore the responsibility of the State as well as collateral for enforcement against violations of human rights principles. The UN as an International organization in its charter has been put respect and appreciation for human rights into the Charter that dsebut The Universal Declaration of Human Rights were adopted unanimously by the General Assembly of the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948. Human rights violations in North Korea should have been the responsibility of the State concerned, and also it is a shared responsibility of the International community. North Korea as one of the countries with the worst human rights records. North Koreans have been referred to as the "most brutalized people in the world", due to the severe restrictions placed on the top of their political and economic freedoms. The North Korean government has committed human rights violations in the form of crimes against humanity against the civilian population, so in this case the UN acts as a protective shield against the civilian population, so that the perpetrators can not act arbitrarily in treating civilian population

A STUDY OF CHANGES IN THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF BITUNG CITYBASED ON INDICATORS OF PEOPLE MOVEMENT PATTERNS, RELATED TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Bitung City, as an urban area, is characterized as a cluster of built-up areas that are relatively dense and has several residential concentration clusters and high-density service centre points scattered in several zones. So, in theoretical understanding, the city of Bitung is allegedly identified as a Polycentric city. However, when the covid-19 pandemic occurred, the city of Bitung became one of the affected. The spread of exposed areas in the city was relatively fast and provided a traumatic experience for the community. This traumatic experience also encourages changes in people's perceptions, preferences, and behaviour in travelling both within the city and in and out of the city. Undoubtedly, there has been a significant change in the daily movement patterns of local people during this pandemic in the city of Bitung. Changes in the pattern of a community movement that occurred must have impacted changes in the spatial structure of Bitung City. The purpose of the study was to identify whether or not there was a change in the type of spatial structure in Bitung City based on indicators of daily movement patterns of local people in the Period before the pandemic, the peak of the pandemic, and after the peak of the pandemic whether the change will be permanent or temporary, and identify problems based on existing conditions and associative spatial policies with the type of spatial structure of Bitung City in the future in the post-pandemic era. The analysis method was the Origin-Destination Survey method with the division of the Travel Destination Survey questionnaire and comparing based on 3 (three) pandemic times such as 1) The Period Before the Pandemic; 2) The peak of the pandemic; and 3 (three) Period After pandemic peak. The results showed that (1) The shape of Bitung city space structure in the Period before the pandemic and after the peak of the pandemic tended to be in the form of a polycentric model, while at the peak of the pandemic, the city of Bitung tended to be in the form of a Monocentric model; (2) There were several urban problems that the city of Bitung must face as a city with a tendency of Polycentric Cities based on existing conditions, and some problems during the covid-19 pandemic but not continuously.Keywords : Spatial Structure, Daily Movement Patterns, Origin Destinatio

STUDI PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT SETEMPAT TERHADAP DAYA DUKUNG HABITUASI KOTA PALU PASCA BENCANA TAHUN 2018

Disaster is an event or series of events that threaten and disrupt people's lives caused by both natural and/or non-natural factors including human actions, resulting in human casualties, environmental damage, property losses and psychological impacts. The traumatic experience as a result of the disaster can basically change the perception of the local community regarding the existence of their place of residence where the disaster has occurred. The analytical method used is the Likert scale, simple description, Spearman rank test and chi square test. Liker scale analysis is used for manual calculations using a formula to measure the opinions of each respondent, simple description analysis makes conclusions from the results of the questionnaire. Meanwhile, the chi square test and the rank of separman are used to find out how far the consistency of people's answer choices is related to perceptions, preferences and affection. The results of the study show that they can still survive or habituated in the city of Palu as long as the community can support each other, then they still choose to stay in the city of Palu by having the ability to seek mitigation properly and correctly. Keywords:Public perception, Likert scale, Spearman rank test and chi square test