Strategic learning : a route to competitive advantage?

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Päästökaupan verokohtelu

Tutkielma käsittelee Euroopan unionin sisällä vuonna 2005 aloitetun päästökaupan ve-rotusta. Päästökauppa on uusi ilmastopoliittinen ohjauskeino, jonka tehokkuus perustuu markkinapohjaisten mekanismien hyväksikäyttöön. Päästökauppaan liittyy tärkeitä ve-ro-oikeudellisia kysymyksiä, jotka päästökaupan piiriin kuuluvien yritysten tulee vero-tuksessaan ja toiminnassaan ottaa huomioon. Tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvittää päästökauppasektorilla toimivan yrityksen päästökauppaan liittyvä verotus. Tutkielman kohteena ovat sekä elinkeinoverotus että arvonlisäverotus, koska päästökauppaa käytä-essä kummatkin vaikuttavat yritysten verokohteluun. Päästökaupan verotus on mukautettu osaksi voimassa olevaa verojärjestelmäämme. Päästökauppaa käyvien yritysten tulee toiminnassaan ottaa huomioon luovutusvoittojen sekä -tappioiden verotuksen lisäksi myös päästöoikeuden hankintameno ja jaksottami-nen. Päästökaupan toimivuuden kannalta ratkaisevassa asemassa ovat myös ne tehos-teet, jotka päästökiintiöiden ylityksistä määrätään. Tässä merkittäviksi vero-oikeudellisiksi seikoiksi nousevat sakon vähennyskelvottomuus ja ne lainmuutokset, jotka on saatettu voimaan päästökaupan alkamisen jälkeen. Arvonlisäverokäsittelyä selvitettäessä sovellettavaksi tulevat palvelun myyntimaata koskeva pääsääntö, mutta myös poikkeukset tästä pääsäännöstä, joidenka soveltaminen johtuu päästöoikeuden immateriaalioikeudellisesta luonteesta. Tutkielman johtopäätökset voidaan kiteyttää kahteen havaintoon. Ensinnäkin päästö-kaupan verotuskäytännöt vaihtelevat Euroopan unionin sisällä huomattavasti, koska päästökauppaan liittyvät verotuskysymykset on jätetty EY:n päästökauppajärjestelmän ulkopuolelle. Päästökauppajärjestelmän tulevaisuuden haasteena on verotuksen selkiyt-täminen ja yhdenmukaistaminen Euroopan unionin sisällä. Toiseksi päästökauppa aihe-uttaa paineita Suomen energiaverotuksen tarkistamiseen. Haasteena tulee olemaan pääs-tökaupan ja ympäristöverotuksen roolien ja käyttötarkoitusten selkiyttäminen.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

New Venture Survival: A Review and Extension

This paper provides an evaluative overview of the new venture survival literature. Since Stinchcombe’s (1965) primary attempt to explain the mortality rates of new ventures, different research fields, including entrepreneurship, management, and sociology, have devoted considerable attention to the antecedents of new venture survival. Despite this lively research commitment, a comprehensive review of the literature on new venture survival—as one of the most essential performance measures for new ventures—is missing. Covering 54 years of research, this paper provides an overview of the factors affecting new venture survival and highlights important methodological aspects in this research field. The review concludes by discussing opportunities for future research.Peer reviewe

New venture survival: a review and extension

This paper provides an evaluative overview of the new venture survival literature. Since Stinchcombe's primary attempt to explain the mortality rates of new ventures, different research fields, including entrepreneurship, management and sociology, have devoted considerable attention to the antecedents of new venture survival. Despite this lively research commitment, a comprehensive review of the literature on new venture survival – as one of the most essential performance measures for new ventures – is missing. Covering 54 years of research, this paper provides an overview of the factors affecting new venture survival and highlights important methodological aspects in this research field. The review concludes by discussing opportunities for future research

The role of knowledge access through co-investment networks

This paper investigates the performance effects of business angel portfolio industry diversification. Using a unique bi-annual panel dataset of 142 members of a professional angel investment platform and their portfolio returns between 2013 and 2017, we consider the costs and benefits of diversifying investments into various industries. Drawing upon theoretical arguments about distant search, we theorize and find a nonlinear (S-shaped) relationship between portfolio industry diversification and performance. Further, we pay specific attention to a proposed overdiversification effect that takes place at high levels of portfolio industry diversification and show that this effect is moderated by individuals' access to industry knowledge through their co-investment networks. For business angels who have a central position within a diverse network of industry specialists, the overdiversification effect is less pronounced.peerReviewe

The dualistic regulatory effect of passion on the relationship between fear of failure and negative affect: Insights from facial expression analysis

Across two studies, we theorize and empirically investigate passion as a moderator of the negative affective consequences of fear of failure in early-stage entrepreneurship. We test our hypotheses in two field studies of naturally occurring affective events—namely, pitching competitions—and we complement self-reported measures of negative affect with physio-psychological measures obtained from analyzing entrepreneurs' facial expressions. The results confirm that in failure-relevant situations, dispositional fear of failure may lead to higher negative affect depending on the dualistic regulatory effect of passion—harmonious passion dampens the influence of fear of failure on negative affect (Studies 1 and 2), while obsessive passion magnifies this effect in Study 1 but dampens it in Study 2, thus showing mixed evidence. Our work is one of the first to investigate how early-stage entrepreneurs experience negative affect during typical entrepreneurial events as a result of their dispositional traits and their type and level of passion.nonPeerReviewe

An fsQCA analysis

How should new venture ideas be framed in order to acquire human resources and gain support in times of crisis characterized by struggling or failing institutions and governmental organizations? To answer this question, we analyze 316 new venture ideas aimed at alleviating the COVID-19 crisis in 11 countries. We investigate different linguistic framing configurations and test their persuasive power for human resource acquisition. Our fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and linguistic analysis reveal that a “common enemy framing” is crucial for obtaining resources in crisis contexts. Non-profit venture ideas, specifically, may acquire resources via two additional paths: adding positive emotional content or using an entrepreneurial hustle framing with concrete calls to action. Our findings provide novel insights into entrepreneurial resource acquisition and idea framing during crises.peerReviewe

Expertise Diversity, Informal Leadership Hierarchy, and Team Knowledge Creation: A study of pharmaceutical research collaborations

Knowledge creation increasingly requires experts from diverse domains to collaborate in teams, yet the effect of expertise diversity on team knowledge creation is inconclusive. We focus on task uncertainty and informal leadership hierarchies - the disparity in team members' engagement in leadership activities (task- and relationship-oriented) - to answer the questions when and why expertise diversity may hinder team knowledge creation. We develop a model in which informal leadership hierarchy mediates the conditional indirect effect of the team's expertise diversity on its knowledge creation under different levels of task uncertainty. We test this moderated mediation model using multi-source data from self-managing project teams comprising collaborators from a pharmaceutical company and its research partners. We find that when task uncertainty is low, the indirect effect of expertise diversity on team knowledge creation is positive, whereas when task uncertainty is high, it is negative. This conditional indirect effect occurs via task-oriented but not relationship-oriented leadership hierarchy. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms and boundary conditions for expertise diversity to hinder, rather than facilitate, knowledge creation in collaborations.ISSN:0170-8406ISSN:1741-304