Possible chiral phase transition in two-dimensional solid 3^3He

We study a spin system with two- and four-spin exchange interactions on the triangular lattice, which is a possible model for the nuclear magnetism of solid $^3$He layers. It is found that a novel spin structure with scalar chiral order appears if the four-spin interaction is dominant. Ground-state properties are studied using the spin-wave approximation. A phase transition concerning the scalar chirality occurs at a finite temperature, even though the dimensionality of the system is two and the interaction has isotropic spin symmetry. Critical properties of this transition are studied with Monte Carlo simulations in the classical limit.Comment: 4 pages, Revtex, 4 figures, to appear in Phys.Rev.Let

Magnetization plateau in a two-dimensional multiple-spin exchange model

We study a multiple-spin exchange model on a triangular lattice, which is a possible model for low-density solid 3He films. Due to strong competitions between ferromagnetic three-spin exchange and antiferromagnetic four-spin one, the ground states are highly degenerate in the classical limit. At least 2^{L/2}-fold degeneracy exists on the L*L triangular lattice except for the SO(3) symmetry. In the magnetization process, we found a plateau at m/m_{sat}=1/2, in which the ground state is "uuud state" (a collinear state with four sublattices). The 1/2-plateau appears due to the strong four-spin exchange interaction. This plateau survives against both quantum and thermal fluctuations. Under a magnetic field which realizes the "uuud" ordered state, a phase transition occurs at a finite temperature. We predict that low-density solid 3He thin films may show the 1/2-plateau in the magnetization process. Experimental observation of the plateau will verify strength of the four-spin exchange. It is also discussed that this magnetization plateau can be understood as an insulating-conducting transition in a particle picture.Comment: 10 pages, RevTeX, 12 figures, added a reference and corrected typos, to be published in Phys.Rev.B (01 APR 99

Concentração de ânions no perfil de solo tratado sucessivamente com lodo de esgoto.

Resumo: Uma das preocupações quanto ao uso agrícola de lodo de esgoto é a lixiviação de ânions no perfil do solo, principalmente o nitrato, que podem atingir o lençol freático e contaminar as coleções hídricas após aplicações sucessivas do resíduo. O objetivo foi avaliar a concentração de nitrato, nitrito e sulfato no perfil do solo de 1 a 5 metros de profundidade após seis aplicações anuais de doses superestimadas de lodo de esgoto, seguidas de dez anos de cultivo sem adição do resíduo em poço escavado em uma área experimental. Observaram-se o acúmulo de sulfato até 2 metros de profundidade e as maiores concentrações de nitrato a 4 e 5 metros de profundidade, indicando maior movimentação deste ânion em relação aos demais. Abstract: One concern about using sewage sludge in agriculture is the leaching of anions through the soil profile, particularly nitrate, which could contaminate groundwater after successive residue applications. IN this study, anions concentrations were evaluated through the soil profile (1 to 5 m of depth) after six annual applications of superdoses of sewage sludge followed by 10 years of cultivation without adding the residue using a well excavated at an experimental area. Sulfate accumulation was observed until 2m of depth and mayor nitrate concentrations at 4 and 5m of depth, indicating more intense leaching of this anion

Ajuste de modelo heteroscedástico em estudo toxicológico usando o SAS.

A principal motivação desse trabalho é apresentar uma aplicação, em estudo toxicológico, de modelo de análise de variância com dois fatores com variâncias residuais heterogêneas, usando os procedimentos MIXED e PLM do SAS. O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de ecotoxicologia e biossegurança da Embrapa Meio Ambiente e teve como um de seus objetivos avaliar os efeitos de sexo e dose na quantidade de nanopartículas encontradas nos tecidos dos íleos de ratos Wistar que receberam diariamente ao longo de 28 dias, via oral, doses repetidas de um nanocomposto. O modelo heteroscedástico foi ajustado usando o procedimento MIXED. Os desdobramentos da interação significativa, entre os níveis dos fatores sexo e dose, foram feitos usando o procedimento PLM que possibilitou um maior detalhamento dos mesmos. A tendência crescente das concentrações médias de nanopartículas nos íleos dos machos em relação às doses do nanocomposto, foi descrita por um modelo de regressão linear ponderada. Nesse caso, ainda que o procedimento MIXED pudesse ser usado, o procedimento REG, por ser mais específico para esse tipo de análise, disponibilizou gráficos mais completos

High-resolution abundance analysis of red giants in the metal-poor bulge globular cluster HP~1

The globular cluster HP~1 is projected at only 3.33 degrees from the Galactic center. Together with its distance, this makes it one of the most central globular clusters in the Milky Way. It has a blue horizontal branch (BHB) and a metallicity of [Fe/H]~-1.0. This means that it probably is one of the oldest objects in the Galaxy. Abundance ratios can reveal the nucleosynthesis pattern of the first stars as well as the early chemical enrichment and early formation of stellar populations. High-resolution spectra obtained for six stars were analyzed to derive the abundances of the light elements C, N, O, Na, and Al, the alpha-elements Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti, and the heavy elements Sr, Y , Zr, Ba, La, and Eu.} High-resolution spectra of six red giants that are confirmed members of the bulge globular cluster HP~1 were obtained with the 8m VLT UT2-Kueyen telescope with the UVES spectrograph in FLAMES-UVES configuration. The spectroscopic parameter derivation was based on the excitation and ionization equilibrium of FeI and FeII. We confirm a mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = -1.06~0.10, by adding the two stars that were previously analyzed in HP~1. The alpha-elements O and Mg are enhanced by about +0.3<[O,Mg/Fe]<+0.5 dex, Si is moderately enhanced with +0.15<[Si/Fe]<+0.35dex, while Ca and Ti show lower values of -0.04<[Ca,Ti/Fe]<+0.28dex. The r-element Eu is also enhanced with [Eu/Fe]~+0.4, which together with O and Mg is indicative of early enrichment by type II supernovae. Na and Al are low, but it is unclear if Na-O are anticorrelated. The heavy elements are moderately enhanced, with -0.20<[La/Fe]<+0.43dex and 0.0<[Ba/Fe]<+0.75~dex, which is compatible with r-process formation. The spread in Y, Zr, Ba, and La abundances, on the other hand, appears to be compatible with the spinstar scenario or other additional mechanisms such as the weak r-process.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures In press in Astronomy & Astrophysics (2016

Influência da cultivar de tomateiro na ação de indutores de resistência sobre adultos de Bemisia tabaci biótipo B.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar se o uso associado de cultivar e indutor de resistência a fitopatógenos pode ocasionar alta mortalidade de mosca branca.Resumo 153