Impact of Side Branch Predilation on Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Complex Coronary Bifurcation Lesions

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions with single stenting in the main vessel and provisional side branch stenting may be limited by the degree of anatomical/morphological complexity. Side branch predilation, a procedural step that is typically avoided, may be required to maintain side branch patency. The impact of side branch predilation on the immediate results of percutaneous coronary intervention in complex coronary bifurcation lesions was investigated.MethodsBetween May, 2008 and August, 2009, 59 patients with single coronary bifurcation lesions and significant involvement of the main and side branches were included in the study. The main exclusion criteria were the involvement of the left main coronary artery, ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (< 72 hours) and in-stent restenosis.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 61.2±11 years, 25.4% were female, and 30.1% had diabetes mellitus. Lesions were most prevalent in the left anterior descending artery/diagonal branch (86.4%). During the procedure, 8.5% (5/59) of lesions had unsuccessful side branch predilation, and four of these bifurcations were treated with two stents. In the multivariate model, side branch stenosis at baseline was the only significant predictor of unsuccessful side branch predilation (odds ratio 1.15, 95%CI: 1.01–1.30; P=0.04), and side branch stenosis > 87.6% was identified as the most accurate cut-off value to predict failure in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ConclusionsSide branch predilation was associated with immediate side branch failure in < 10% of cases, and the only significant predictor in the multivariate model was side branch stenosis severity (> 85%) at baseline

Impact of occlusion duration on the success rate and outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention in chronic total occlusions

ABSTRACTBackgroundInitial studies have shown that old occlusions or those with indeterminate occlusion duration have been associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) failure and a worse prognosis. This study aimed to determine the impact of occlusion duration on the success and outcomes of contemporary PCI on chronic total occlusion (CTO).MethodsThe authors analyzed a retrospective cohort of consecutive patients submitted to PCI in CTO, who were compared according to the confirmed occlusion duration (COD) < 12 months, ≥ 12 months, or indeterminate occlusion duration (IOD).ResultsA total of 168 patients were treated, 122 (72.6%) with COD (80 < 12 months, 42 ≥ 12 months) and 46 (24.7%) with an IOD. Lesion extension was 17.0 ± 13.6mm, in 2.90 ± 0.58mm vessels, and the anterograde approach was used in 98.8% of cases. Angiographic success was attained in 79.2% of patients (80.0% vs. 73.8% vs. 82.6%; p = 0.73). The main cause of failure was the inability to cross the lesion with the guidewire (68.6%). Occlusion duration had no impact on in-hospital events (4.8% vs. 7.1% vs. 6.0%; p = 0.73), which were almost entirely explained by periprocedural myocardial infarction, or on late outcomes (18.8% vs. 7.1% vs. 15.3%; p = 0.23). At the multivariate analysis, lesion length ≥ 20mm (odds ratio - OR = 7.27; 95% confidence interval - 95% IC 1.94-29.1; p = 0.003), calcification (OR = 4.72; 95% CI 1.19-19.1; p = 0.02), and tortuosity of the occluded segment (OR = 15.98; 95% CI 2.18-144.7; p = 0.007) were predictors of failure.ConclusionsOcclusion duration was not associated with increased failure rate of the procedure or worse PCI outcomes in CTO

TCT-44 Independent Mitral Valve Restenosis Predictors After Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty In A Large, Consecutive Cohort Followed For More Than Two Decades

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Subclavian Access for Transcatheter CoreValve® Aortic Prosthesis Implantation: Data from the Brazilian Registry

ABSTRACTBackgroundTransfemoral access is the preferred approach for transcatheter aortic valve implantation. However, some situations, such as the presence of peripheral vascular disease, preclude the use of such access. In these cases, subclavian access is an alternative approach for this procedure. This study aimed at evaluating the Brazilian experience using the subclavian approach for transcatheter CoreValve® prosthesis implantation.MethodsAortic valve area<1cm2, aortic valve ring≥20mm and≤27mm (26mm and 29mm CoreValve®), ascending aorta≤43mm and subclavian artery with a diameter≥6mm, without significant obstructive lesions, marked tortuosity and excess calcification were requisites for the procedure. The access through the subclavian artery was obtained by surgical dissection and, under direct vision, a subclavian artery puncture was performed. Once artery access was obtained, the standard technique was used.ResultsBetween January 2008 and April 2012, 8 patients with peripheral vascular disease underwent CoreValve® prosthesis implantation through the subclavian artery in 4 institutions. The procedure was successful in all cases with reduction of the mean transvalvular pressure gradient from 46.4±17.5mmHg to 9.3±3.6mmHg (P=0.0018) and improvement of symptoms. At 30 days and after 275±231 days of follow-up, 87.5% and 62.5% of the patients, respectively, were free from major adverse events (death, myocardial infarction, stroke and urgent cardiac suregery).ConclusionsIn the Brazilian experience, the subclavian access was a safe and effective alternative for transcatheter CoreValve® implantation

Vascular response after implantation of biolimus A9-eluting stent with bioabsorbable polymer and everolimus-eluting stents with durable polymer. Results of the optical coherence tomography analysis of the BIOACTIVE randomized trial

AbstractBackgroundIn BIOACTIVE study, we evaluated vascular responses after the implant of biolimus A9-eluting stent (BES; BioMatrixTM) and the everolimus-eluting stent (EES; XIENCE VTM). In this study, we present the optical coherence tomography analysis (OCT) 6 months post-intervention.MethodsPatients were randomized to treatment with BES (n = 22) or EES (n = 18). The primary outcome was the frequency of non-covered, poorly positioned struts by OCT.ResultsOCT was performed in 26 patients (BES: n = 15; EES: n = 11) and 749 tomographic images and 7,725 stent struts were analyzed. BES and EES showed similar luminal and stent areas. Neointimal hyperplasia area, neointimal thickness and the percentage of in-stent obstruction (8.44 ± 5.10% vs. 9.21 ± 6.36%; p = 0.74) were similar. The rates of not covered struts (BES: 2.10 ± 3.60% vs. ESS: 2.46 ± 2.15%, p = 0.77) and poorly positioned struts (BES: 0.48 ± 1.48% vs. EES 0.44 ± 1.05%, p = 0.94) were similarly low. The frequency of frames with signs consistent with peri-strut inflammatory infiltrate was low and similar between BES (15.53 ± 20.77%) and EES (11.70 ± 27.51%; p = 0.68).ConclusionsThe second-generation drug-eluting stents BES and EES were equally effective at suppressing the neointimal formation after 6 months, with favorable vascular responses. The frequency of frames with peri-strut infiltrate signals per patient was low, and lower than that observed historically with first-generation drug-eluting stents

Implante transcateter valve‐in‐valve para disfunção de biopróteses cirúrgicas aórticas

RESUMOIntroduçãoEstudos recentes têm demonstrado a eficácia do implante transcateter valve‐in‐valve para o tratamento de disfunção de biopróteses em pacientes de alto risco cirúrgico. Apresentamos nossa experiência inicial com o implante valve‐in‐valve.MétodosCaracterizamos o perfil clínico, ecocardiográfico e do procedimento, e reportamos os resultados de médio prazo de pacientes com disfunção de bioprótese submetidos a implante valve‐in‐valve em posição aórtica.ResultadosIncluímos sete pacientes do sexo masculino, com idade de 72,6 ± 10,0 anos. O escore STS foi 9,6 ± 10,5%, e o EuroSCORE logístico foi 22,7 ± 14,7%. Três pacientes apresentavam dupla disfunção; dois tinham insuficiência; e dois exibiam estenose isolada. A via transfemoral foi utilizada em seis casos, e a transapical, em um caso. Os dispositivos implantados incluíram as próteses Sapien XT (n = 5) e CoreValve (n = 2). O sucesso do procedimento foi obtido em seis (85,7%) casos. Após o procedimento, o gradiente médio reduziu‐se de 38,2 ± 9,6mmHg para 20,9 ± 5,9mmHg, e a área valvar elevou‐se de 1,2 ± 0,4cm2 para 1,5 ± 0,5cm2. Ao final de 1 ano, não ocorreram óbitos e nem outros desfechos adversos significativos; 80% dos pacientes encontravam‐se em classe funcional NYHA I/II. Os gradientes transvalvares e a área valvar permaneceram inalterados nesse período.ConclusõesO procedimento valve‐in‐valve foi eficaz na maioria dos pacientes de alto risco cirúrgico com disfunção de bioprótese. Quando realizado em pacientes bem selecionados, resulta em desfechos clínicos e hemodinâmicos satisfatórios.ABSTRACTBackgroundRecent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of the transcatheter valve‐in‐valve implantation for the treatment of bioprosthesis dysfunction in high‐risk surgical patients. This study presents the initial experience with valve‐in‐valve implantation.MethodsClinical, echocardiographic, and procedural profiles were characterized, and the mid‐term results of patients with surgical bioprosthesis dysfunction submitted to valve‐in‐valve implantation in the aortic position were reported.ResultsSeven male patients were included, aged 72.6 ± 10.0 years. The STS score was 9,6 ± 10,5%, and the logistic EuroSCORE was 22.7 ± 14.7%. Three patients had combined aortic bioprosthesis failure; two had isolated regurgitation; and two had isolated stenosis. The transfemoral access was used in six cases, and the transapical access in one case. Implanted devices included Sapien XT (n = 5) and CoreValve (n = 2) prostheses. Procedural success was achieved in six (85.7%) cases. After the procedure, the mean gradient decreased from 38.2 ± 9.6mmHg to 20.9 ± 5.9mmHg, and the valve area increased from 1.2 ± 0.4cm2 to 1.5 ± 0.5cm2. After 1 year, there were no deaths and no other significant adverse outcomes; 80% of patients were in NYHA functional class I/II. The transvalvular gradients and valve area remained unchanged in this period.ConclusionsThe valve‐in‐valve procedure was effective in most high‐risk surgical patients with bioprosthesis dysfunction. When performed in well‐selected patients, it results in satisfactory clinical and hemodynamic outcomes

Application of Virtual Histology®-intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) to identify restenosis-prone lesions after baremetal and sirolimus-eluting stents

A intervenção percutânea com implante de stents constitui-se na principal forma de revascularização miocárdica empregada, e associa-se à redução de sintomas, à melhoria na qualidade de vida e ao aumento da sobrevida em pacientes acometidos por síndrome coronária aguda. Entretanto, o implante de stents pode acompanhar-se de exagerada hiperplasia intimal, principal determinante da reestenose destes dispositivos. Diversos fatores clínicos, anatômicos e técnicos associam-se a maiores taxas de reestenose, porém a hipótese de que o tipo ou a composição da lesão aterosclerótica tratada possa correlacionar-se com o fenômeno ainda não foi esclarecida. Determinar a relação entre a composição da placa aterosclerótica tratada conforme análise pela Histologia Virtual® - e a magnitude da hiperplasia intimal após o implante de stents farmacológicos e não-farmacológicos. No período de setembro de 2008 a novembro de 2009, selecionamos 52 pacientes prospectivos com o diagnóstico de síndrome coronária aguda com ou sem supra ST, submetidos à cinecoronariografia e candidatos à intervenção percutânea. Estes foram randomizados para o tratamento com stents farmacológicos com sirolimus (Cypher® Cordis, Johnson & Johnson) ou com stents não-farmacológicos (Driver®,Medtronic Inc.). O ultra-som com Histologia Virtual® foi realizado antes do tratamento das lesões culpadas, e correlacionou-se o porcentual dos componentes fibrótico, fibrolipídico, núcleo necrótico e cálcio com o grau de hiperplasia intimal, em reestudo ultrasonográfico realizado aos 9 meses. A média de idades foi de 55,3 anos (DP 4,9 anos), sendo 77% homens. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos no que se refere às variáveis clínicas e angiográficas. A maioria dos pacientes apresentava obstrução coronária uniarterial, e o vaso mais freqüentemente tratado foi a descendente anterior. À Histologia Virtual®, não foram detectadas diferenças em relação ao tipo de placa tratada, sendo predominantes as lesões do tipo fibroateroma e fibroateroma calcificado. O tecido fibrótico foi o componente preponderante [59,6% (DP 15,8%) do volume total das placas analisadas], e cerca de 20% do volume das lesões era composto por núcleo necrótico. Após 9 meses, o reestudo ultrasonográfico foi realizado em 49 (94%) dos pacientes. Tanto o volume como o porcentual de hiperplasia intimal foram significativamente maiores no grupo tratado com stents não-farmacológicos [60,8 mm3 [DP 32 mm3] versus 14 mm3 (DP 9,2 mm3), p<0,0001 e [31,9% (DP 12,9%) versus 8,2% (DP 7,6%) , p<0,0001, respectivamente]. Contudo, não foi observada associação entre os porcentuais dos componentes fibrótico (corr. 0,038, p=0,81), fibrolipídico (corr. 0,109, p=0,49), cálcio (corr. -0,073, p=0,64) e núcleo necrótico (corr. -0,062, p=0,69) das lesões tratadas com o tecido neointimal intra-stent. Os resultados desta investigação prospectiva e randomizada indicam que as informações providas pela Histologia Virtual® na caracterização das placas ateroscleróticas não auxiliam na identificação de lesões mais propensas à reestenose, após o implante de stents farmacológicos e não-farmacológicos.To the present, little is known about the correlation between modifications in plaque composition at stent edges and the changes in vessel geometry. This study sought to evaluate, by serial grey-scale intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and Virtual Histology(TM), the modifications in plaque composition at the edges of drug-eluting and bare-metal stents and the correlation of these findings with changes in the measuremntes of vessel, lumen and plaque area at those segments. Single-center, prospective and randomized (1:1) evaluation of 40 patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with bare-metal (Driver(TM), n=20 patients) or drug-eluting stents (Cypher(TM), n=20 patients). Following stent deployment, all individuals underwent gray scale IVUS and Virtual Histology(TM) evaluation, which were repeated at nine months. Primary endpoint included the modification in vessel, lumen and plaque area and in the composition of the plaque in the mean time between the baseline and follow-up procedure. Additionally, we tried to determine a correlation between plaque composition variation and changes in vessel geometry. At the proximal edge of both drug-eluting and bare-metal stents there was a trend to positive vessel remodeling which compensated the modest increase in plaque area. At the distal edge, patients treated with drug-eluting stents had less plaque growth resulting in a larger lumen area at follow-up. By Virtual Histology, there was a marked reduction in the % of fibrotic tissue and necrotic core in both edges of the two stents and a positive, strong correlation was seen between increase in % of fibrofatty component and augmentation in plaque area(r=0.78, p=0.01). The use of drug-eluting stents was not associated with \"edge effect\". On the contrary, patients treated with these devices experienced less plaque growth, especially at the distal edge of the stents. Modifications in plaque composition, with increase in fibrofatty content, might partially explain these findings