Prognostic impact of coronary microcirculation abnormalities in systemic sclerosis: a prospective study to evaluate the role of non-invasive tests

INTRODUCTION: Microcirculation dysfunction is a typical feature of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and represents the earliest abnormality of primary myocardial involvement. We assessed coronary microcirculation status by combining two functional tests in SSc patients and estimating its impact on disease outcome. METHODS: Forty-one SSc patients, asymptomatic for coronary artery disease, were tested for coronary flow velocity reserve (CFR) by transthoracic-echo-Doppler with adenosine infusion (A-TTE) and for left ventricular wall motion abnormalities (WMA) by dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE). Myocardial multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) enabled the presence of epicardial stenosis, which could interfere with the accuracy of the tests, to be excluded. Patient survival rate was assessed over a 6.7- ± 3.5-year follow-up. RESULTS: Nineteen out of 41 (46%) SSc patients had a reduced CFR (≤2.5) and in 16/41 (39%) a WMA was observed during DSE. Furthermore, 13/41 (32%) patients showed pathological CFR and WMA. An inverse correlation between wall motion score index (WMSI) during DSE and CFR value (r = -0.57, P <0.0001) was observed; in addition, CFR was significantly reduced (2.21 ± 0.38) in patients with WMA as compared to those without (2.94 ± 0.60) (P <0.0001). In 12 patients with abnormal DSE, MDCT was used to exclude macrovasculopathy. During a 6.7- ± 3.5-year follow-up seven patients with abnormal coronary functional tests died of disease-related causes, compared to only one patient with normal tests. CONCLUSIONS: A-TTE and DSE tests are useful tools to detect non-invasively pre-clinical microcirculation abnormalities in SSc patients; moreover, abnormal CFR and WMA might be related to a worse disease outcome suggesting a prognostic value of these tests, similar to other myocardial diseases

Association of kidney disease measures with risk of renal function worsening in patients with type 1 diabetes

Background: Albuminuria has been classically considered a marker of kidney damage progression in diabetic patients and it is routinely assessed to monitor kidney function. However, the role of a mild GFR reduction on the development of stage 653 CKD has been less explored in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic role of kidney disease measures, namely albuminuria and reduced GFR, on the development of stage 653 CKD in a large cohort of patients affected by T1DM. Methods: A total of 4284 patients affected by T1DM followed-up at 76 diabetes centers participating to the Italian Association of Clinical Diabetologists (Associazione Medici Diabetologi, AMD) initiative constitutes the study population. Urinary albumin excretion (ACR) and estimated GFR (eGFR) were retrieved and analyzed. The incidence of stage 653 CKD (eGFR &lt; 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) or eGFR reduction &gt; 30% from baseline was evaluated. Results: The mean estimated GFR was 98 \ub1 17 mL/min/1.73m2 and the proportion of patients with albuminuria was 15.3% (n = 654) at baseline. About 8% (n = 337) of patients developed one of the two renal endpoints during the 4-year follow-up period. Age, albuminuria (micro or macro) and baseline eGFR &lt; 90 ml/min/m2 were independent risk factors for stage 653 CKD and renal function worsening. When compared to patients with eGFR &gt; 90 ml/min/1.73m2 and normoalbuminuria, those with albuminuria at baseline had a 1.69 greater risk of reaching stage 3 CKD, while patients with mild eGFR reduction (i.e. eGFR between 90 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) show a 3.81 greater risk that rose to 8.24 for those patients with albuminuria and mild eGFR reduction at baseline. Conclusions: Albuminuria and eGFR reduction represent independent risk factors for incident stage 653 CKD in T1DM patients. The simultaneous occurrence of reduced eGFR and albuminuria have a synergistic effect on renal function worsening

Deformation analysis of Leonardo da Vinci's “Adorazione dei Magi” through temporal unrelated 3D digitization

3D scanning is an effective technology for dealing at different levels the state of conservation/deformation of a panel painting, from the micro-geometry of the craquelure to the macro-geometry of the supported used. Unfortunately, the current solutions used to analyze multiple 3D scans acquired over time are based on very controlled acquisition procedures, such as the use of target reference points that are stationary over time and fixed to the artwork, or on complex hardware setups to keep the acquisition device fixed to the artwork. These procedures are challenging when a long monitoring period is involved or during restoration when the painting may be moved several times. This paper presents a new and robust approach to observe and quantify the panel deformations of artworks by comparing 3D models acquired with different scanning devices at different times. The procedure is based on a non-rigid registration algorithm that deforms one 3D model over the other in a controlled way, extracting the real deformation field. We apply the method to the 3D scanning data of the unfinished panel painting “Adorazione dei Magi” by Leonardo da Vinci. The data were acquired in 2002 and 2015. First, we analyze the two 3D models with the classical distance from the ideal flat plane of the painting. Then we study the type of deformation of each plank of the support by fitting a quadric surface. Finally, we compare the models before and after the deformation computed by a non-rigid registration algorithm. This last comparison enables the panel deformation to be separated from the structural changes (e.g. the structural restorations on the back and the missing pieces) of the artwork in a more robust way

Carotid Artery Plaque Characterization Using CT Multienergy Imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Carotid artery plaque types can be categorized with CT according to their HU values. The purpose of this work was to analyze carotid artery plaque characteristics by using multienergy imaging.METHODS AND MATERIALS:Thirty-two consecutive patients (23 men; median age, 70 years) were retrospectively analyzed. Carotid arteries were studied with a multienergy CT scanner. All patients received a 15-mL timing bolus of contrast medium to synchronize the data acquisition followed by an injection of 60 mL of contrast medium at a 5-mL/s flow rate. Plaque analysis in 64 carotid arteries was performed, and datasets were reconstructed by using a dedicated workstation. For each plaque, the HU value was quantified with a 2-mm-square region of interest at monoenergy values of 66, 70, 77, and 86 keV. The Wilcoxon test was used to test the differences in HU values in the plaques at different kiloelectron volts.RESULTS:Four carotid arteries were excluded due to the absence of plaque, and another 7, because of the presence of calcified plaques. In the remaining 53 carotid arteries, Wilcoxon analysis showed a statistically significant difference in HU values among the monoenergy values of 66, 70, 77, and 86 keV (P = .0001). In particular, we found that with the increase in monochromatic kiloelectron volt values, there is a statistically significant reduction in the HU value of the plaque.CONCLUSIONS:Results of this study suggest that the HU values of plaque may significantly change according to the selected kiloelectron volt; therefore, the HU-based plaque type (fatty, mixed, calcified) should be classified according to the energy level applied

Free-flap iliac crest in mandibular reconstruction following segmental mandibulectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity

The aim of the study was to asses the anatomic and functional results and quality of life of a cohort of patients submitted to immediate reconstruction with the iliac osteomusculocutaneous free flap following composite resection for carcinoma of the oral cavity. Twelve patients affected by squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were submitted to a single surgical procedure that included a segmental mandibulectomy in a composite resection, followed by primary reconstruction using a vascularized bone-containing free flap of the iliac crest. Reconstruction failed in one patient. Functional results as well as quality of life of 10/12 patients were evaluated using the Performance Status Scale and Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy General Scale questionnaires, appropriately modified for the pathology. The results were compared with those obtained in a group of five patients who underwent composite resection for oral carcinoma without mandibular reconstruction. Patients submitted to reconstruction noted a greater physical well being (score 22/78% vs. 16/53%; max. 28/100%), socio-family relationships (score 23/81% vs. 18/64%; max. 28/100%), emotional (score 18/90% vs. 14/70%; max. 20/100%) and general functional well-being (score 24/86% vs. 14/50%; max. 28/100%). Better recovery in functional mastication and swallowing was also observed (score 17/70% vs. 9/37%; max. 24/100%). A follow-up of longer than 6 months showed minimal donor site morbidity