68 research outputs found
The Implementation of Electricity as Road Transportation Fuel
Road-based electricity increasingly is being considered as an alternative fuel of the future that would replace or reduce dependence on oil and its derivatives, resulting in a reduction at the negative impact on the environment. More and more countries are introducing stricter measures on greenhouse gas emissions, while increasing incentives to buy EVs. This paper looks at the environmental impact of electricity in road transport in ecological, economic, and social terms, highlighting the greater need for more energy efficient EVs than conventional vehicles. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of the application of electricity concerning fossil fuel in road transport, i.e., to describe the impact of EVs on the environment regarding conventional vehicles. Analysis of the use of the EV or the development of electrical infrastructure that is improving and introduced at high speed has shown that only countries with a high standard can monitor trends of EV. Therefore, despite all the advantages of EVs, the strategies and measures adopted by the EU, the implementation of electricity as road transportation fuel does not have a significant echo in countries with a lower standard, at least until the reach and prices of EVs are closer to conventional ones
Optimizacija kopnene prometne infrastrukture izmeÄu paneuropskog koridora V i ogranka Vb : doktorska disertacija
S obzirom da je Jadransko more najdublje uvuÄeno u europsko kopno,
srednjoeuropskim zemljama sjeverni Jadran omoguÄuje najbliži pristup svjetskom moru
kroz TrÅ”Äanski i RijeÄki zaljev. Glavni smjer V Paneuropskog koridora kao i njegov
ogranak V.B omoguÄuju sjeveroistoÄni ulaz Južnih vrata Europe povezujuÄi taj dio
europskog kontinenta s lukama na Sjevernom Jadranu. Morski putovi koji se nadovezuju
na sjevernojadranske luke Rijeka, Kopar i Trst, a odnose se, kako na Mediteran, tako i na
velika tržiÅ”na podruÄja istoÄno od Sueza, upravo su tim pravcem najkraÄi i najpovoljniji.
Znanstveni problem ovog istraživanja sastoji se u tomu da, usprkos Äinjenici da je
kopneno povezivanje ishodiÅ”nih toÄaka V Paneuropskog koridora i ogranka VB znaÄajan
segment razvoja sjevernojadranskog prometnog pravca, tematika koja obuhvaÄa
pripadajuÄu kopnenu prometnu infrastrukturu nije dovoljno istražena i analizirana.
Svrha ovog rada je sustavno istražiti i analizirati kopnenu prometnu mrežu
sjevernojadranskog prometnog pravca, predložiti kriterije radi optimalnog odabira
kopnene prometne trase, željezniÄke pruge i ceste te izraditi model optimizacije
kopnenog povezivanja ishodiÅ”nih toÄaka Paneuropskog koridora V i ogranka VB.
ZnaÄenje Paneuropskog koridora V i ogranka VB za integraciju
sjevernojadranskog prometnog pravca u europski prometni sustav elaborirano je putem
detaljne analize kopnenih prometnih pravaca. Determinirani su i analizirani postojeÄe
stanje i planovi razvoja kopnene prometne infrastrukture na sjevernojadranskom
prometnom pravcu. Provedena je iscrpna analiza razvoja i poslovanja sjevernojadranskih
luka Rijeka, Kopar i Trst kao i njihove zemljopisne, prometne i logistiÄke znaÄajke.
UtvrÄivanje konkurentne sposobnosti sjevernojadranskog prometnog pravca obavljeno je
analizom gospodarskog okruženja i potencijalnog tržiŔta, elaboriranjem integracije
sjevernojadranskih luka kroz logistiÄke principe te analizom konkurentnosti u odnosu na
alternativne prometne pravce. BuduÄi da postupci planiranja i projektiranja prethode odluci o izboru optimalne
kopnene prometne trase, prikazana je metodologija i analiza postupka prostornoprometnog
planiranja i projektiranja te je definirano znaÄenje vrednovanja i optimizacije
prostorno-prometnih rjeÅ”enja. U skladu sa svrhom i ciljem istraživanja, izmeÄu viÅ”e postupaka viÅ”ekriterijske
analize za optimizaciju izbora trase kopnene prometnice koja Äe povezivati ishodiÅ”ne
toÄke Paneuropskog koridora V i ogranka VB, primijenjen je PROMETHEE postupak te
raÄunalni program za viÅ”ekriterijsko rangiranje varijanti D-sight 3.2.4. ZnaÄajka te
metode je da na osnovu unoÅ”enja egzaktnih podataka omoguÄuje djelomiÄno i potpuno
rangiranje veÄeg broja varijanti u odnosu na veÄi broj kriterija.
Cilj istraživanja bio je izraditi model za odabir trase željezniÄke pruge ili ceste
koji Äe biti primjenjiv na svim razinama odluÄivanja. Pri tomu su istraženi svi Äinitelji
koji su omoguÄili utvrÄivanje kriterija i potkriterija za odabir trase željezniÄke pruge i
ceste na teorijskoj i operativnoj razini. Problem vrednovanja željezniÄke ili cestovne trase se svodi na donoÅ”enje odluke o
odabiru trase kojoj prethodi detaljna analiza moguÄih varijantnih rjeÅ”enja te njihovo
struÄno ocjenjivanje. Optimizacija kopnene prometne infrastrukture izmeÄu Paneuropskog koridora V i
njegovog ogranka VB provedena je determiniranjem relevantnih tematskih skupina
kriterija i potkriterija za odabir željezniÄke i cestovne prometne trase. Kriteriji su
subjektivno definirani uz pomoÄ domaÄe i strane struÄne i znanstvene literature.
Provedeno anketno istaživanje, koje je obuhvatilo analizu miÅ”ljenja struÄnjaka iz
podruÄja planiranja i projektiranja kopnene prometne infrastrukture, koriÅ”teno je za
ocjenjivanje i vrednovanje definiranih tematskih skupina kriterija i potkriterija. Definiran
je težinski koeficijent za svaku tematsku skupinu kriterija i za svaki pojedini potkriterij te
je postavljen model za odabir trase željezniÄke pruge i model za odabir cestovne
prometne trase. Kvantitativnim i kvalitativnim ocjenjivanjem kriterija i potkriterija te primjenom
viŔekriterijske analize testirana je efikasnost i djelotvornost modela na primjeru
povezivanja ishodiÅ”nih toÄaka Paneuropskog koridora V i ogranka VB, odnosno odabira
optimalne trase željezniÄke pruge i autoceste Rijeka ā Kopar ā Trst.
S obzirom na primjenjivost predloženih modela u praksi, naglaÅ”ena je moguÄnost
njihove univerzalne primjene prilikom izbora odgovarajuÄe kopnene prometne trase,
željezniÄke pruge ili ceste.Owing to the fact that the Adriatic Sea is the one most indented in the European
continent, the Northern Adriatic provides the central European countries with the shortest
access to deep sea through the Gulf of Trieste and the Gulf of Quarnero / Rijeka. The
main route of the Pan-European V corridor as well as its VB branch provide a NE
entrance through the European Southern Gate, thus linking that part of the European
continent to the Northern Adriatic ports. It is through this very route that the sea routes,
which are the continuation of the Northern Adriatic ports of Rijeka, Koper and Trieste
toward the Mediterranean and toward large markets east of Suez, represent the shortest
and most cost effective trading routes.
The scientific problem of this study features the fact that, for all the linking of
starting points of the Pan-European V corridor and the VB branch by land representing a
significant segment in the development of the Northern Adriatic traffic route, the issue
comprising the pertaining land traffic infrastructure has not been adequately studied and
analysed. The purpose of the study is to carry out a systematic survey and analysis of the
Northern Adriatic land traffic route, to propose criteria for an optimal selection of the
land traffic marked route, railway line and road and to prepare a land connection
optimization model for starting points of the Pan-European corridor V and the VB branch.
The significance of the Pan-European corridor V and the VB branch for
integration of the Northern Adriatic traffic route in the European traffic system has been
elaborated through a detailed analysis of land traffic routes. The present situation and
development plans concerning the land traffic infrastructure on the Northern Adriatic
traffic route have been determined and analysed. A comprehensive analysis has been
carried out comprising the development and operation of the Northern Adriatic ports of
Rijeka, Koper and Trieste as well as their geographical, traffic and logistic features.
Competitiveness of the Northern Adriatic traffic route has been determined through the
analysis comprising its economic environment and potential market areas, elaborated
integration of the Northern Adriatic ports through logistic principles, and analysis of
competitiveness with regard to alternative traffic routes.
Whereas the planning and designing processes precede the decision on the
selection of the optimal land traffic marked route, the methodology and analysis of the
traffic related regional planning and designing have been presented and the significance
of evaluation and optimization of traffic related regional designing has been defined.
In accordance with the purpose and aim of the study, the PROMETHEE method
has been selected as well as the computer programme for multicriteria ranking of variants
D-sight 3.2.4 among a number of multicriteria analytical methods for optimization of
selection concerning the land traffic marked route to link the starting points of the Pan-
European corridor V and the VB branch. The significant feature of this method is that
using the exact data it enables either partial or complete ranking of a large number of
variants with regard to a larger number of criteria.
The aim of the study was to develop a model for the selection of the railway line
or road marked route to be applicable at any decision-making level. The study included
all the facts enabling the criteria and subcriteria to be determined for the selection of the
railway line and road marked routes at both theoretical and operational levels.
The problem concerning evaluation of railway line or road marked routes
becomes reduced to the decision-making process dealing with the selection of the marked
route preceded by a detailed analysis of possible variants and their evaluation by experts.
Optimization of the land traffic infrastructure between the Pan-European corridor
V and its VB branch has been carried out by determining relevant thematic groups of
criteria and subcriteria for the selection of the railway line and road marked route. The
criteria have been subjectively defined with the aid of domestic and foreign technical and
scientific literature. The conducted survey comprising the analysis of expert opinions in
the field of the land traffic infrastructure planning and designing was used in the
assessment and evaluation of defined thematic groups of criteria and subcriteria. The
weight coefficient has been defined for each thematic group of criteria and for every
single subcriterion and a model has been prepared for the selection of railway line and
road marked routes. Using the quantitative and qualitative assessment criteria and subcriteria and
applying the multicriteria analysis, the efficiency and effectiveness of the model was
tested by way of example for linking the starting points of the Pan-European corridor V
and the VB branch and, respectively, for selecting optimal railway line and motorway
Rijeka ā Koper ā Trieste marked routes. With regard for the widely applicable nature of the proposed models in practice,
their universal applicability has been emphasized as eligible in the selection of the
appropriate land traffic marked route, be it a railway line or a road
Review of Good Practices in the Introduction of Traffic Management Systems and Urban Mobility
Mobility, as one of the most significant factors in maintaining the quality of life in cities, faces problems such as traffic congestion and environmental pollution. The rapid population growth in urban areas has had an impact on increased traffic, which is why many cities have decided to implement or improve existing intelligent transport systems (ITS) that reduce traffic congestion with more comfortable and safer pedestrian traffic. Although the population in developed and densely populated cities is familiar with multimodal transportation, inadequate urban transport systems and large individual transport in place continue to pose a major threat. The application of appropriate ITS systems manages traffic and mobility management that are present to residents and facilitate access to all forms of transport. The aim of this paper is to explore urban mobility examples of good traffic management practice for the possibility of their application in cities with issues such as traffic jams and accidents, low pedestrian safety, parking problems, etc
REKONSTRUKCIJA ŽELJEZNIÄKOG PROMETNOG SUSTAVA U FUNKCIJI RAZVOJA RIJEÄKE LUKE ā IZGRADNJA NOVE NIZINSKE PRUGE RIJEKA ā ZAGREB
U ovome radu analizirana je važnost rekonstrukcije željezniÄkog
ÄvoriÅ”ta Rijeka za razvoj rijeÄke luke. S obzirom na to da povezanost
rijeÄke luke željeznicom nije na odgovarajuÄoj razini, najvažniji projekt
vezan uz rijeÄki željezniÄki prometni sustav jest izgradnja nove
nizinske pruge Rijeka ā Zagreb.
U kontekstu uÄinkovitije meÄuovisnosti luke i željeznice rekonstrukcija
prometnoga sustava rijeÄkoga željezniÄkog ÄvoriÅ”ta nalaže
smjeŔtaj kapaciteta za teretni prijevoz na perifernim lokacijama kao
Ŕto su Krasica, Kukuljanovo, Bakar, Ivani, BrŔica i otok Krk, dok bi
putniÄki prijevoz bio implementiran u gradski prostor. Provedbom
projekata rekonstrukcije željezniÄkoga prometnog sustava znatno
bi se skratile i poboljÅ”ale željezniÄke veze jugoistoka Europe s njezinim
srednjim i zapadnim dijelom te bi se uvelike unaprijediti uvjeti
eksploatacije na rijeÄkome prometnom pravcu i razvoj rijeÄke lu ke
Optimizacija kopnene prometne infrastrukture izmeÄu paneuropskog koridora V i ogranka Vb : doktorska disertacija
S obzirom da je Jadransko more najdublje uvuÄeno u europsko kopno,
srednjoeuropskim zemljama sjeverni Jadran omoguÄuje najbliži pristup svjetskom moru
kroz TrÅ”Äanski i RijeÄki zaljev. Glavni smjer V Paneuropskog koridora kao i njegov
ogranak V.B omoguÄuju sjeveroistoÄni ulaz Južnih vrata Europe povezujuÄi taj dio
europskog kontinenta s lukama na Sjevernom Jadranu. Morski putovi koji se nadovezuju
na sjevernojadranske luke Rijeka, Kopar i Trst, a odnose se, kako na Mediteran, tako i na
velika tržiÅ”na podruÄja istoÄno od Sueza, upravo su tim pravcem najkraÄi i najpovoljniji.
Znanstveni problem ovog istraživanja sastoji se u tomu da, usprkos Äinjenici da je
kopneno povezivanje ishodiÅ”nih toÄaka V Paneuropskog koridora i ogranka VB znaÄajan
segment razvoja sjevernojadranskog prometnog pravca, tematika koja obuhvaÄa
pripadajuÄu kopnenu prometnu infrastrukturu nije dovoljno istražena i analizirana.
Svrha ovog rada je sustavno istražiti i analizirati kopnenu prometnu mrežu
sjevernojadranskog prometnog pravca, predložiti kriterije radi optimalnog odabira
kopnene prometne trase, željezniÄke pruge i ceste te izraditi model optimizacije
kopnenog povezivanja ishodiÅ”nih toÄaka Paneuropskog koridora V i ogranka VB.
ZnaÄenje Paneuropskog koridora V i ogranka VB za integraciju
sjevernojadranskog prometnog pravca u europski prometni sustav elaborirano je putem
detaljne analize kopnenih prometnih pravaca. Determinirani su i analizirani postojeÄe
stanje i planovi razvoja kopnene prometne infrastrukture na sjevernojadranskom
prometnom pravcu. Provedena je iscrpna analiza razvoja i poslovanja sjevernojadranskih
luka Rijeka, Kopar i Trst kao i njihove zemljopisne, prometne i logistiÄke znaÄajke.
UtvrÄivanje konkurentne sposobnosti sjevernojadranskog prometnog pravca obavljeno je
analizom gospodarskog okruženja i potencijalnog tržiŔta, elaboriranjem integracije
sjevernojadranskih luka kroz logistiÄke principe te analizom konkurentnosti u odnosu na
alternativne prometne pravce. BuduÄi da postupci planiranja i projektiranja prethode odluci o izboru optimalne
kopnene prometne trase, prikazana je metodologija i analiza postupka prostornoprometnog
planiranja i projektiranja te je definirano znaÄenje vrednovanja i optimizacije
prostorno-prometnih rjeÅ”enja. U skladu sa svrhom i ciljem istraživanja, izmeÄu viÅ”e postupaka viÅ”ekriterijske
analize za optimizaciju izbora trase kopnene prometnice koja Äe povezivati ishodiÅ”ne
toÄke Paneuropskog koridora V i ogranka VB, primijenjen je PROMETHEE postupak te
raÄunalni program za viÅ”ekriterijsko rangiranje varijanti D-sight 3.2.4. ZnaÄajka te
metode je da na osnovu unoÅ”enja egzaktnih podataka omoguÄuje djelomiÄno i potpuno
rangiranje veÄeg broja varijanti u odnosu na veÄi broj kriterija.
Cilj istraživanja bio je izraditi model za odabir trase željezniÄke pruge ili ceste
koji Äe biti primjenjiv na svim razinama odluÄivanja. Pri tomu su istraženi svi Äinitelji
koji su omoguÄili utvrÄivanje kriterija i potkriterija za odabir trase željezniÄke pruge i
ceste na teorijskoj i operativnoj razini. Problem vrednovanja željezniÄke ili cestovne trase se svodi na donoÅ”enje odluke o
odabiru trase kojoj prethodi detaljna analiza moguÄih varijantnih rjeÅ”enja te njihovo
struÄno ocjenjivanje. Optimizacija kopnene prometne infrastrukture izmeÄu Paneuropskog koridora V i
njegovog ogranka VB provedena je determiniranjem relevantnih tematskih skupina
kriterija i potkriterija za odabir željezniÄke i cestovne prometne trase. Kriteriji su
subjektivno definirani uz pomoÄ domaÄe i strane struÄne i znanstvene literature.
Provedeno anketno istaživanje, koje je obuhvatilo analizu miÅ”ljenja struÄnjaka iz
podruÄja planiranja i projektiranja kopnene prometne infrastrukture, koriÅ”teno je za
ocjenjivanje i vrednovanje definiranih tematskih skupina kriterija i potkriterija. Definiran
je težinski koeficijent za svaku tematsku skupinu kriterija i za svaki pojedini potkriterij te
je postavljen model za odabir trase željezniÄke pruge i model za odabir cestovne
prometne trase. Kvantitativnim i kvalitativnim ocjenjivanjem kriterija i potkriterija te primjenom
viŔekriterijske analize testirana je efikasnost i djelotvornost modela na primjeru
povezivanja ishodiÅ”nih toÄaka Paneuropskog koridora V i ogranka VB, odnosno odabira
optimalne trase željezniÄke pruge i autoceste Rijeka ā Kopar ā Trst.
S obzirom na primjenjivost predloženih modela u praksi, naglaÅ”ena je moguÄnost
njihove univerzalne primjene prilikom izbora odgovarajuÄe kopnene prometne trase,
željezniÄke pruge ili ceste.Owing to the fact that the Adriatic Sea is the one most indented in the European
continent, the Northern Adriatic provides the central European countries with the shortest
access to deep sea through the Gulf of Trieste and the Gulf of Quarnero / Rijeka. The
main route of the Pan-European V corridor as well as its VB branch provide a NE
entrance through the European Southern Gate, thus linking that part of the European
continent to the Northern Adriatic ports. It is through this very route that the sea routes,
which are the continuation of the Northern Adriatic ports of Rijeka, Koper and Trieste
toward the Mediterranean and toward large markets east of Suez, represent the shortest
and most cost effective trading routes.
The scientific problem of this study features the fact that, for all the linking of
starting points of the Pan-European V corridor and the VB branch by land representing a
significant segment in the development of the Northern Adriatic traffic route, the issue
comprising the pertaining land traffic infrastructure has not been adequately studied and
analysed. The purpose of the study is to carry out a systematic survey and analysis of the
Northern Adriatic land traffic route, to propose criteria for an optimal selection of the
land traffic marked route, railway line and road and to prepare a land connection
optimization model for starting points of the Pan-European corridor V and the VB branch.
The significance of the Pan-European corridor V and the VB branch for
integration of the Northern Adriatic traffic route in the European traffic system has been
elaborated through a detailed analysis of land traffic routes. The present situation and
development plans concerning the land traffic infrastructure on the Northern Adriatic
traffic route have been determined and analysed. A comprehensive analysis has been
carried out comprising the development and operation of the Northern Adriatic ports of
Rijeka, Koper and Trieste as well as their geographical, traffic and logistic features.
Competitiveness of the Northern Adriatic traffic route has been determined through the
analysis comprising its economic environment and potential market areas, elaborated
integration of the Northern Adriatic ports through logistic principles, and analysis of
competitiveness with regard to alternative traffic routes.
Whereas the planning and designing processes precede the decision on the
selection of the optimal land traffic marked route, the methodology and analysis of the
traffic related regional planning and designing have been presented and the significance
of evaluation and optimization of traffic related regional designing has been defined.
In accordance with the purpose and aim of the study, the PROMETHEE method
has been selected as well as the computer programme for multicriteria ranking of variants
D-sight 3.2.4 among a number of multicriteria analytical methods for optimization of
selection concerning the land traffic marked route to link the starting points of the Pan-
European corridor V and the VB branch. The significant feature of this method is that
using the exact data it enables either partial or complete ranking of a large number of
variants with regard to a larger number of criteria.
The aim of the study was to develop a model for the selection of the railway line
or road marked route to be applicable at any decision-making level. The study included
all the facts enabling the criteria and subcriteria to be determined for the selection of the
railway line and road marked routes at both theoretical and operational levels.
The problem concerning evaluation of railway line or road marked routes
becomes reduced to the decision-making process dealing with the selection of the marked
route preceded by a detailed analysis of possible variants and their evaluation by experts.
Optimization of the land traffic infrastructure between the Pan-European corridor
V and its VB branch has been carried out by determining relevant thematic groups of
criteria and subcriteria for the selection of the railway line and road marked route. The
criteria have been subjectively defined with the aid of domestic and foreign technical and
scientific literature. The conducted survey comprising the analysis of expert opinions in
the field of the land traffic infrastructure planning and designing was used in the
assessment and evaluation of defined thematic groups of criteria and subcriteria. The
weight coefficient has been defined for each thematic group of criteria and for every
single subcriterion and a model has been prepared for the selection of railway line and
road marked routes. Using the quantitative and qualitative assessment criteria and subcriteria and
applying the multicriteria analysis, the efficiency and effectiveness of the model was
tested by way of example for linking the starting points of the Pan-European corridor V
and the VB branch and, respectively, for selecting optimal railway line and motorway
Rijeka ā Koper ā Trieste marked routes. With regard for the widely applicable nature of the proposed models in practice,
their universal applicability has been emphasized as eligible in the selection of the
appropriate land traffic marked route, be it a railway line or a road
REKONSTRUKCIJA ŽELJEZNIÄKOG PROMETNOG SUSTAVA U FUNKCIJI RAZVOJA RIJEÄKE LUKE ā IZGRADNJA NOVE NIZINSKE PRUGE RIJEKA ā ZAGREB
U ovome radu analizirana je važnost rekonstrukcije željezniÄkog
ÄvoriÅ”ta Rijeka za razvoj rijeÄke luke. S obzirom na to da povezanost
rijeÄke luke željeznicom nije na odgovarajuÄoj razini, najvažniji projekt
vezan uz rijeÄki željezniÄki prometni sustav jest izgradnja nove
nizinske pruge Rijeka ā Zagreb.
U kontekstu uÄinkovitije meÄuovisnosti luke i željeznice rekonstrukcija
prometnoga sustava rijeÄkoga željezniÄkog ÄvoriÅ”ta nalaže
smjeŔtaj kapaciteta za teretni prijevoz na perifernim lokacijama kao
Ŕto su Krasica, Kukuljanovo, Bakar, Ivani, BrŔica i otok Krk, dok bi
putniÄki prijevoz bio implementiran u gradski prostor. Provedbom
projekata rekonstrukcije željezniÄkoga prometnog sustava znatno
bi se skratile i poboljÅ”ale željezniÄke veze jugoistoka Europe s njezinim
srednjim i zapadnim dijelom te bi se uvelike unaprijediti uvjeti
eksploatacije na rijeÄkome prometnom pravcu i razvoj rijeÄke lu ke
Usersā Perception as a Tool for an Integrated Coastal Management and Beach Quality Assessment
The aim of the paper is to show a brief review of social research methods used in beach user research and coastal zone management. It is argued that this approach may effectively be used from the perspective of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). Beaches are one of the most important factors of the sun and sea tourism, and an area where the increased users` pressure is common with the rise of tourist activity. This expansion creates increased pressure on the coastal area, the marine eco systems and, potentially, leads to a degradation of the natural environment. Social research methods
provide an invaluable insight into the processes incentivizing beach users in respect to physical, social, economic and natural aspects of beach uses as well as of other parts of the coast, through the concept
of the user perception. The intended result is to provide a brief methodological overview of social science research methods applied to and found in literature that can be used to be better informed of the beach management decisions as an area of ICZM interest and, in this way, contributing to the overall sustainable development of the coastal zone and increasing the competitiveness of beach tourism
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