Transmittance behaviour of curtain fabrics under natural lighting conditions

The light transmittance behaviour of four different coloured curtain fabrics has been studied under natural lightingconditions (morning, afternoon and evening). The intensity of incident sunlight and transmitted light from the samples aremeasured using Luxmeter, in an enclosed black chamber. The percentage of transmitted light is calculated with reference tothe incident sunlight, to study the influence of colour and number of fabric layers. It is observed that the transmittancebehaviour of curtain fabrics is highly influenced by its colour due to the spectrum of colours, which is followed by theinfluence of number of layers and sunlight conditions. Further, the transmittance % of curtain is also influenced by thewavelength of incident sunlight

The antiinflammatory potential of phenolic compounds from Emblica officinalis L. in rat

Antiinflammatory effects of phenolic compounds from Emblica officinalis were evaluated in carrageenan and cotton pellet induced acute and chronic inflammatory animal model. Fractions of E. officinalis containing free (FPEO) and bounded (BPEO) phenolic compounds were assessed by HPLC technique. The free and bound phenolic compounds were studied for their acute and chronic antiinflammatory activity at dose level of 20 and 40 mg/kg. The carrageenan induced acute inflammation was assessed by measuring rat paw volume at different time of intervals. Further, cotton pellet induced chronic inflammation was assessed by granulomatous tissue mass estimation along with the estimation of tissue biomarker changes (i.e. lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, myeloperoxidase and plasma extravasation). The results indicated that in both acute and chronic inflammation, FPEO and BPEO show reduction in the inflammation, but significant effects was observed only at high doses of both fractions which was comparable to diclofenac treated group. In conclusion, phenolic compounds of E. officinalis may serve as potential herbal candidate for amelioration of acute and chronic inflammation due to their modulatory action of free radicals

Transmittance behaviour of curtain fabrics under natural lighting conditions

421-425The light transmittance behaviour of four different coloured curtain fabrics has been studied under natural lighting conditions (morning, afternoon and evening). The intensity of incident sunlight and transmitted light from the samples are measured using Luxmeter, in an enclosed black chamber. The percentage of transmitted light is calculated with reference to the incident sunlight, to study the influence of colour and number of fabric layers. It is observed that the transmittance behaviour of curtain fabrics is highly influenced by its colour due to the spectrum of colours, which is followed by the influence of number of layers and sunlight conditions. Further, the transmittance % of curtain is also influenced by the wavelength of incident sunlight

Determinants of immunization coverage among 12-23 months children: A study from Haryana

Background: Immunization is safe, powerful and proven tool for elimination and controlling various highly infectious diseases and in spite of every possible effort put by the Government still there is a big gap between reported and evaluated coverage. Aims & Objectives: To find out the immunization coverage and its determinants among children in the age group 12 – 23 months in urban and rural area of district Ambala. Material and Methods: It was a cross sectional study carried out by WHO recommended 30 by 7 cluster survey technique. Results: It was observed that overall 83.1% children were fully immunized, 14% were partially immunized and 2.9% were unimmunized. In present study Educational status of mothers, Occupation of mothers, Religion, Sex, Monthly Family Income and Caste were found to be significantly associated with immunization coverage. “Fear of side effects” of vaccination was found to be the main reason for failure to fully immunize the child. Conclusion: To conclude, immunization coverage was found to be reasonably but still there is a lot of scope for improvement

Optimization of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryonic Stem Cell Culture System

Objective: In order to retain an undifferentiated pluripotent state, embryonic stem (ES) cells have to be cultured on feeder cell layers. However, use of feeder layers limits stem cell research, since experimental data may result from a combined ES cell and feeder cell response to various stimuli. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, a buffalo ES cell line was established from in vitro derived blastocysts and characterized by the Alkaline phosphatase (AP) and immunoflourescence staining of various pluripotency markers. We examined the effect of various factors like fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and Y-27632 to support the growth and maintenance of bubaline ES cells on gelatin coated dishes, in order to establish feeder free culture systems. We also analyzed the effect of feeder-conditioned media on stem cell growth in gelatin based cultures both in the presence as well as in the absence of the growth factors. Results: The results showed that Y-27632, in the presence of FGF-2 and LIF, resulted in higher colony growth and increased expression of Nanog gene. Feeder-Conditioned Medium resulted in a significant increase in growth of buffalo ES cells on gelatin coated plates, however, feeder layer based cultures produced better results than gelatin based cultures. Feeder layers from buffalo fetal fibroblast cells can support buffalo ES cells for more than two years. Conclusion: We developed a feeder free culture system that can maintain buffalo ES cells in the short term, as well as feeder layer based culture that can support the long term maintenance of buffalo ES cells

Establishment of Trophectoderm Cell Lines from Buffalo (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) Embryos of Different Sources and Examination of In Vitro Developmental Competence, Quality, Epigenetic Status and Gene Expression in Cloned Embryos Derived from Them

<div><p>Despite being successfully used to produce live offspring in many species, somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) has had a limited applicability due to very low (>1%) live birth rate because of a high incidence of pregnancy failure, which is mainly due to placental dysfunction. Since this may be due to abnormalities in the trophectoderm (TE) cell lineage, TE cells can be a model to understand the placental growth disorders seen after NT. We isolated and characterized buffalo TE cells from blastocysts produced by in vitro fertilization (TE-IVF) and Hand-made cloning (TE-HMC), and compared their growth characteristics and gene expression, and developed a feeder-free culture system for their long-term culture. The TE-IVF cells were then used as donor cells to produce HMC embryos following which their developmental competence, quality, epigenetic status and gene expression were compared with those of HMC embryos produced using fetal or adult fibroblasts as donor cells. We found that although TE-HMC and TE-IVF cells have a similar capability to grow in culture, significant differences exist in gene expression levels between them and between IVF and HMC embryos from which they are derived, which may have a role in the placental abnormalities associated with NT pregnancies. Although TE cells can be used as donor cells for producing HMC blastocysts, their developmental competence and quality is lower than that of blastocysts produced from fetal or adult fibroblasts. The epigenetic status and expression level of many important genes is different in HMC blastocysts produced using TE cells or fetal or adult fibroblasts or those produced by IVF.</p></div

Effect of FGF2 on expression level of trophoblast-specific genes.

<p>Bars with different superscripts differ significantly (P<0.05).</p

Effect of fetal fibroblast CM on growth of TE cells.

<p>Data from 3 trials. Data are Mean ± SEM. Values with different superscripts (a and b) within the same column differ significantly (P<0.05).</p><p>Effect of fetal fibroblast CM on growth of TE cells.</p